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Jo HG, Baek CY, Kim D, Lee D, Song HS. Stem of Sorbus commixta Hedl. Extract Inhibits Cartilage Degradation and Arthritic Pain in Experimental Model via Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Nutrients 2023; 15:3774. [PMID: 37686806 PMCID: PMC10490201 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread joint disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Conventional treatments for OA, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroids, have a risk of various adverse events, including liver, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and kidney disease, which are unsatisfactory in their effectiveness. In this study, Sorbus commixta Hedl. Stem extracts (SCE) were evaluated in animal models as potential inhibitors for the progression of OA. Sorbus commixta Hedl., which was found to have substantial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in earlier investigations, has shown potential as a candidate for OA treatment. To mimic human OA symptoms, male rats were injected using sodium iodoacetate (MIA) in their knee joints. SCE significantly reduced MIA-induced weight-bearing loss in rats after the MIA injection and alleviated cartilage degradation and subchondral bone injury caused by MIA. In addition, SCE administration reduced levels of TNF-α and IL-1β such as pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum, as well as the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as MMP-1, -3, -8 and -13 in the joint cartilage. SCE significantly inhibited the writhing responses in acetic acid-administered mice and was used to quantify pain. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7, SCE suppressed NO production and reduced the expression of TNF-α, PGE2, IL-6, IL-1β, MMP1, MMP3, MMP8, and MMP-13. Our study showed that SCE alleviated inflammation and cartilage degradation in arthritis through its anti-inflammatory activities on multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Geun Jo
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea; (H.-G.J.); (C.Y.B.)
- Naturalis Inc. 6, Daewangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13549, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Yun Baek
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea; (H.-G.J.); (C.Y.B.)
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghun Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea; (H.-G.J.); (C.Y.B.)
| | - Ho Sueb Song
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
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2
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Vasilieva AR, Slynko NM, Tatarova LE, Efimov VM, Kuibida LV, Asbaganov SV, Peltek SE. A GC-MS Chemotaxonomic Study on Lipophilic Compounds in the Bark of S. aucuparia subsp. sibirica Trees from the Population Growing in Akademgorodok, Novosibirsk (Russia). Metabolites 2023; 13:768. [PMID: 37367925 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of chemotypes and of their role in the polymorphism of populations is an important field in the research on secondary metabolites of plants. In the present study, by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, the composition of bark extracts from rowan S. aucuparia subsp. sibirica was determined for 16 trees growing within Akademgorodok of Novosibirsk, with bark samples collected both in winter and summer. Among 101 fully or partially identified metabolites, there are alkanes, alkenes, linear alcohols, fatty acids and their derivatives, phenols and their derivatives, prunasin and its parent and derivative compounds, polyprenes and their derivatives, cyclic diterpenes, and phytosterols. These compounds were grouped according to their biosynthesis pathways. Cluster analysis revealed two groups among the bark samples collected in winter and three groups among bark samples collected in summer. The key determinants of this clustering are the biosynthesis of metabolites via the cyanogenic pathway (especially potentially toxic prunasin) and their formation via the phytosterol pathway (especially potentially pharmacologically useful lupeol). It follows from the results that the presence of chemotypes having sharply different profiles of metabolites in a population from a small geographic area invalidates the practice of general sampling to obtain averaged data when a population is described. From the standpoint of possible industrial use or plant selection based on metabolomic data, it is possible to select specific sets of samples containing a minimal amount of potentially toxic compounds and the largest amount of potentially useful substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asya R Vasilieva
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center, Federal Research Center ICG, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay M Slynko
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center, Federal Research Center ICG, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ljudmila E Tatarova
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center, Federal Research Center ICG, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vadim M Efimov
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Leonid V Kuibida
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Sergey E Peltek
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center, Federal Research Center ICG, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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3
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Buț MG, Jîtcă G, Imre S, Vari CE, Ősz BE, Jîtcă CM, Tero-Vescan A. The Lack of Standardization and Pharmacological Effect Limits the Potential Clinical Usefulness of Phytosterols in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1722. [PMID: 37111945 PMCID: PMC10142909 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) markedly increases with age. Phytotherapeutic approaches have been developed over time owing to the adverse side effects of conventional medications such as 5-reductase inhibitors and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists. Therefore, dietary supplements (DS) containing active compounds that benefit BPH are widely available. Phytosterols (PSs) are well recognized for their role in maintaining blood cholesterol levels; however, their potential in BPH treatment remains unexplored. This review aims to provide a general overview of the available data regarding the clinical evidence and a good understanding of the detailed pharmacological roles of PSs-induced activities at a molecular level in BPH. Furthermore, we will explore the authenticity of PSs content in DS used by patients with BPH compared to the current legislation and appropriate analytical methods for tracking DS containing PSs. The results showed that PSs might be a useful pharmacological treatment option for men with mild to moderate BPH, but the lack of standardized extracts linked with the regulation of DS containing PSs and experimental evidence to elucidate the mechanisms of action limit the use of PSs in BPH. Moreover, the results suggest multiple research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina-Georgiana Buț
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (M.-G.B.); (C.-M.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| | - George Jîtcă
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (C.E.V.); (B.E.Ő.)
| | - Silvia Imre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| | - Camil Eugen Vari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (C.E.V.); (B.E.Ő.)
| | - Bianca Eugenia Ősz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (C.E.V.); (B.E.Ő.)
| | - Carmen-Maria Jîtcă
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (M.-G.B.); (C.-M.J.)
| | - Amelia Tero-Vescan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
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Role of Butylphthalide in Immunity and Inflammation: Butylphthalide May Be a Potential Therapy for Anti-Inflammation and Immunoregulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7232457. [PMID: 35422893 PMCID: PMC9005281 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7232457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and immunity play an essential role in disease pathogenesis. 3-N-Butylphthalide (NBP), a group of compounds extracted from seeds of Apium graveolens (Chinese celery), has been demonstrated as an efficient and effective therapy for ischemic stroke. The amount of research on NBP protective effect is increasing at pace, such as microcircular reconstruction, alleviating inflammation, ameliorating brain edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, mitochondrial function protection, antiplatelet aggregation, antithrombosis, decreasing oxidative damage, and reducing neural cell apoptosis. There has been increasing research emphasizing the association between NBP and immunity and inflammation in the past few years. Hence, it is aimed at reviewing the related literature and summarizing the underlying anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory function of NBP in various disorders.
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5
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Murai T, Jin S, Itoh M, Horie Y, Higashi T, Ikegawa S. Analysis of steryl glucosides in rice bran-based fermented food by LC/ESI-MS/MS. Steroids 2020; 158:108605. [PMID: 32084504 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Steryl glucosides (SGs) and acylated steryl glucosides (ASGs) are phytochemicals found in plant-based foods and are known as bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. These include anti-inflammatory properties, anti-diabetic effects, and modulation of immunoregulatory functions as well as having cholesterol lowering effects. In this study, three major SGs, i.e., glucosides of β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol, were synthesized and used as standards for measurement of their contents in rice bran (RB)-based fermented food (FBRA) utilizing Aspergillus oryzae and raw material (RM). The compounds were quantified using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. It was found that β-sitosteryl glucoside was most abundant among the analyzed glucosides in both samples, and the contents of each SG in FBRA decreased about 35% from those of RM. In contrast to SGs, the contents of ASGs in FBRA increased 1.5-fold during the fermentation process as evidenced by an alkaline hydrolysis. The present results suggest that the FBRA might have greater beneficial effects than the RM, since ASGs have shown to have more potent cholesterol lowering effects and stronger anti-diabetic properties than SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Murai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Shigeki Jin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Mari Itoh
- Koken Co. Ltd., 329, Nakagoya, Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0211, Japan
| | - Yukiko Horie
- Koken Co. Ltd., 329, Nakagoya, Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0211, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shigeo Ikegawa
- Genmaikoso Co. Ltd., Kita 12, Nishi 1, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0012, Japan.
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6
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Kim HJ, Joe HI, Zhang Z, Woo Lee S, Lee KY, Kook YB, An HJ. Anti-inflammatory effect of Acalypha australis L. via suppression of NF-κB signaling in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and LPS-induced septic mice. Mol Immunol 2020; 119:123-131. [PMID: 32014631 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extracts of Chinese medicinal plants from Beijing and determined which extract was the most effective. We found the methanol extract of Acalypha australis L. (AAL) to be the most effective. AAL has been used for clearing heat, toxic material, and hemostasia in Chinese medicine. Although these uses are closely related to inflammation, the anti-inflammatory effect of AAL has not yet been described and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to identify anti-inflammatory effect of AAL and its underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo. In RAW 264.7 macrophages, cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay and nitric oxide (NO) was measured with Griess reagent. To confirm the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and its mRNA expression, enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed. Further, protein expression was analyzed by western blotting. Septic shock was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (25 mg/kg) in mice. One hour before LPS injection, AAL (25 and 50 mg/kg) was administered orally. In LPS-stimulated macrophages, AAL inhibited NO production at concentrations without cytotoxicity. Additionally, AAL reduced not only inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression but the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by attenuating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-related proteins (NF-κB p65, phosphorylation of inhibitor κB-α; p-IκB-α, phosphorylation of inhibitor κB kinase-α/β; p-Ikk-α/β). Moreover, AAL enhanced the survival rate of mice through the inhibition of iNOS expression and IL-6 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in LPS-induced septic mice. Furthermore, AAL also reduced the expression of NF-κB-related proteins. These finding suggest that AAL is related to the modulation of inflammatory reactions by blocking NF-κB activation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and LPS-induced septic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-In Joe
- Department of Prescription, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyou-Young Lee
- Department of Korean Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Bum Kook
- Department of Prescription, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Republic of Korea.
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Kim CS, Oh J, Subedi L, Kim SY, Choi SU, Lee KR. Two New Phenolic Glycosides from Sorbus commixta. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 66:839-842. [PMID: 30068805 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
From the stem bark of Sorbus commixta, two new phenolic glycosides, sorcomisides A and B (1 and 2), were isolated along with 10 known compounds. The structures of the isolates were determined by analysis of one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR (1D- and 2D-NMR) data and high resolution (HR)-MS, chemical reaction, and computational methods. All the isolated compounds (1-12) were tested for their neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Sub Kim
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University
| | - Joonseok Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University.,Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University
| | - Lalita Subedi
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University.,College of Pharmacy, Gachon University
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University.,College of Pharmacy, Gachon University
| | | | - Kang Ro Lee
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University
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8
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Münger LH, Boulos S, Nyström L. UPLC-MS/MS Based Identification of Dietary Steryl Glucosides by Investigation of Corresponding Free Sterols. Front Chem 2018; 6:342. [PMID: 30186828 PMCID: PMC6113793 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary plant foods are characterized by a vast molecular diversity of glycosylated sterols (SG) that differ in the structure of the steryl backbone. The identification of these polar steryl conjugates represents a major challenge as they are structurally highly similar, and commercial standards are limited to a few naturally abundant species. Spectral databases do not yet contain MS/MS spectra of these sterol conjugates obtained by electrospray ionization (ESI), which would facilitate their reliable identification. Thus, this study aimed at providing novel information on ESI-MS/MS spectra of both abundant and minor SG found in foods. As a first step, however, free sterols (FS) were investigated for their fragmentation behavior as they share the same intermediate ion as SG. Pure SG were obtained from commercially available standard mixtures and minor SG were extracted from different food sources (oat bran, wheat bran, pumpkin seeds, melon, rapeseeds, and potato peel). ESI-MS/MS spectra of 15 FS were assessed and fragment ions reflective of structural features were identified and rationalized. Subsequently, 14 SG were identified at four different levels, while relative retention times from chromatographic separation and spectral features of FS served to identify five SG. Spectral data from FS were directly transferable to SG when analyzed as aglycone ions as shown by similarity scores while SG were characterized by shorter retention times in reverse phase chromatography and the additional analysis as sodiated adduct confirmed their glycosidic nature. Moreover, we report for the first time the occurrence of 24-methylenecholesterol and a 4-monomethyl sterol as glycosidic conjugates in higher plants. The presented data will serve as a valuable tool for SG profiling of foods by facilitating their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda H Münger
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samy Boulos
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Nyström
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Moon SC, Choi HJ, Chung TW, Lee JH, Lee SO, Jung MH, Kim BJ, Choi JY, Ha KT. Sorbus commixta water extract induces apoptotic cell death via a ROS-dependent pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4193-4200. [PMID: 30197667 PMCID: PMC6126344 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The stembark of Sorbus commixta Hedl. has been used for treating asthma, bronchitis, gastritis and edema. However, the anticancer and proapoptotic effects of the water extract of the stembark of S. commixta (SCE) remain unknown. In the present study, it was shown that SCE inhibited the cell viability of the hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines Hep3B and HepG2, and of the colon carcinoma cell line HCT116. DNA content analysis indicated that SCE increased the sub-G1 population of HCT116 cells. In addition, degradation of nuclear DNA and levels of proapoptotic cascade components, including caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase, were augmented by SCE treatment. Mitochondrial membrane potential and the ratio of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were also reduced. Furthermore, SCE increased the expression of proapoptotic proteins, including p21, p27 and p53. Mouse double minute 2 homology, a negative regulator of p53, was cleaved by SCE treatment. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was also increased by SCE treatment. However, the SCE-induced cytotoxic effects and the increased expression of proapoptotic proteins, including p53 and p21, and reduced Bcl-2/Bax ratio, could be attenuated by N-acetyl cysteine, an ROS inhibitor. Taken together, these results indicate that SCE is a potent proapoptotic herbal medicine, which exerts its effects via the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Cheol Moon
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Chung
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Lee
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Syng-Ook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ho Jung
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yong Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Clinical Research Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Clinical Research Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
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Yu S, Zhang Y, Ran Y, Lai W, Ran Z, Xu J, Zhou C, Yan X. Characterization of steryl glycosides in marine microalgae by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QQQ-MS). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1574-1583. [PMID: 28833140 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steryl glycosides (SGs) are sterol conjugates found in various plants, especially in those making up human diets. It has been demonstrated that SGs have potential health benefits, and they could be used as food supplements in a variety of food matrixes. Marine microalgae are a potential resource for human food and ingredients. In this study, gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QQQ-MS) was used to characterize unknown SGs in eight microalgae belonging to different classes (Isochrysis galbana 3011, Pavlova viridis, Platymonas helgolandica, Conticribra weissflogii, Thalassiosira pseudonana, Nitzschia closterium, Gymnodinium sp., and Karlodinum veneficum). RESULTS The SGs were first extracted from lyophilized algae with chloroform-methanol, purified by solid-phase extraction and analyzed as trimethylsilyl derivatives. Nine SGs have been identified. In particular, new SGs like occelasteryl glycoside and stellasteryl glycoside were found in Gymnodinium sp., 24-methylene cholesteryl glycoside was detected in P. helgolandica, and 4,24-dimethylcholestan-3-yl glycoside was identified as the main constituent of microalga K. veneficum. The results also showed that the compositions of SGs in different microalgae varied, with a range of 5.234 to 0.036 g kg-1 , and microalga P. viridis contained the most abundant SGs. CONCLUSION GC-QQQ-MS is a powerful tool to detect SGs with different structures from a variety of microalgae. The compositions of SGs in different microalgae varied greatly. Microalgae are a good source of highly valued SGs. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Yun Ran
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenyi Lai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhaoshou Ran
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Jilin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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11
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Xuan SH, Park YM, Park SH, Jeong HJ, Park SN. Suppression of Ultraviolet B-mediated Matrix Metalloproteinase Generation by Sorbus commixta Twig Extract in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:370-377. [PMID: 29164624 DOI: 10.1111/php.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sorbus commixta is a traditional oriental medicinal plant that grows in East Asian countries such as Korea, Japan and China. The twig of S. commixta has been considered valuable for centuries to treat diseases including asthma, cough and other bronchial disorders. However, the effect of S. commixta twig extract on human skin has not been investigated well. The present study aimed at assessing the antiphotoaging effect of S. commixta twig ethanol extract (STE) on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels and its underlying mechanism in human dermal fibroblasts. In this study, we found that STE (12.5-50 μg mL-1 ) treatment significantly inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-3 expression, concomitant with a downregulation of intracellular ROS generation. These effects might be associated with a STE-induced inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Furthermore, STE also downregulated UVB-induced c-Fos expression in a concentration-dependent manner, but had no inhibitory effect on c-Jun phosphorylation. Taken together, these results indicate that STE may be an antiphotoaging agent and that its effect may occur via its inhibition of MMPs expression and MAPK pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hua Xuan
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Cosmetic R&D Center, Cosmetic Industry Coupled Collaboration Center, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Cosmetic R&D Center, Cosmetic Industry Coupled Collaboration Center, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Hyun Park
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Cosmetic R&D Center, Cosmetic Industry Coupled Collaboration Center, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Jeong
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Cosmetic R&D Center, Cosmetic Industry Coupled Collaboration Center, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Nam Park
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Cosmetic R&D Center, Cosmetic Industry Coupled Collaboration Center, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Rios R, Silva HBFD, Carneiro NVQ, Pires ADO, Carneiro TCB, Costa RDS, Marques CR, Machado MSS, Velozo EDS, Silva TMGD, Silva TMSD, Conceição ADS, Alcântara-Neves NM, Figueiredo CA. Solanum paniculatum L. decreases levels of inflammatory cytokines by reducing NFKB, TBET and GATA3 gene expression in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:32-40. [PMID: 28729226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Solanum paniculatum L., popularly known as jurubeba, is a common subtropical plant from Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia and Argentina, that is used in folk medicine for the treatment of anemia, gastrointestinal disorders and inflammatory conditions in general. In addition to that, an ethnobotanical survey in "Todos os Santos" Bay have pointed out S. paniculatum as an herb to treat asthma. Previous publications have shown that S. paniculatum possesses antibiotic, antioxidant and modulatory effects on gastric acid secretion; however, its anti-inflammatory potential remains unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY Herein, we analyzed the S. paniculatum fruits hexane extract (SpE) for the presence of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol and investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of SpE in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS SpE was subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for standardization and quantification of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol. Spleen cells from BALB/c mice were cultivated and stimulated with pokeweed mitogen and also exposed to 15, 30 and 60µg/mL of SpE. Following treatment, levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 in the culture supernatants were assessed by ELISA. We also evaluated nitric oxide (NO) production by murine LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages using the Griess technique. In addition, the ability of SpE to stabilize membranes was assessed using a model of hemolysis induced by heat on murine erythrocytes. Gene expression of Th1-cell-specific Tbx21 transcription factor (TBET), zinc-finger transcription factor-3 (GATA3), and nuclear factor-κB (NFKB) in murine spleen cells were assessed by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS SpE at 15, 30 and 60µg/mL significantly attenuated cell proliferation, decreased IL-4 release, reduced NO production and improved erythrocyte membrane stabilization in a concentration-dependent manner. SpE was also able to decrease the release of IFN-γ without altering IL-10 levels. The mechanism whereby SpE decreased inflammatory markers may be related to the reduction of NFKB, TBET and GATA3 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to test the anti-inflammatory action of S. paniculatum. Herein, we provided evidence for the popular use of S. paniculatum in inflammatory conditions. Additional studies must be conducted to further explore the anti-inflammatory potential of SpE and to elucidate possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimon Rios
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Canela, 40110100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anaque de Oliveira Pires
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Canela, 40110100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Ryan Dos Santos Costa
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Canela, 40110100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cintia Rodrigues Marques
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Canela, 40110100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Eudes da Silva Velozo
- Departamento do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Ondina, 40170115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Telma M G da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Moleculares, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52171900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tania M S da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Moleculares, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52171900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Adilva de Souza Conceição
- Departamento de Educação, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Campus VIII, 48608240 Paulo Afonso, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Neuza Maria Alcântara-Neves
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Canela, 40110100 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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13
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Park H, Park H, Chung TW, Choi HJ, Jung YS, Lee SO, Ha KT. Effect of Sorbus commixta on the invasion and migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:483-490. [PMID: 28586002 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a main cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Thus, a number of medicinal herbs and phytochemicals have been investigated as possible candidates for the inhibition of cancer metastasis. Sorbus commixta Hedl. (SC) is a traditional medicinal plant used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, as it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-hepatotoxic activities. In this study, we demonstrate that the water extract of SC exerts inhibitory effect on the invasion and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells. The activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, which is responsible for the invasion of cancer cells, was decreased by SC treatment. The invasive and migratory potentials of the Hep3B cells were also decreased, as evidence by in vitro assay using the Boyden chamber system. In addition, the expression of the chemokine receptors, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR)4 and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6 (CXCR6), were inhibited by SC in Hep3B cells. Furthermore, actin fiber organization was markedly suppressed by SC treatment. Taken together, the findings of this study suggest for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that SC suppresses the invasion and migration of highly metastatic Hep3B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerin Park
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam-do 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwook Park
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Tae-Wook Chung
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam-do 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Choi
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam-do 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Seop Jung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Syng-Ook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam-do 626-870, Republic of Korea
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14
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A novel cytotoxic activity of the fruit of Sorbus commixta against human lung cancer cells and isolation of the major constituents. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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15
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Kim CS, Suh WS, Subedi L, Kim SY, Choi SU, Lee KR. Neuroprotective Fatty Acids from the Stem Bark of Sorbus commixta. Lipids 2016; 51:989-95. [PMID: 27386872 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the bark from the stems of Sorbus commixta led to the isolation and characterization of a new fatty acid, sorcomic acid (1), along with nine known analogues (2-10). The structure of the new compound (1) was determined through NMR ((1)H and (13)C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY), MS, and specific optical rotation. The known compounds (2-10) were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those in the literature. The biological activities of all the isolated compounds (1-10) were evaluated: compounds 1, 5, and 7 potently induced NGF secretion from C6 glioma cells (233.40 ± 12.82, 194.40 ± 8.05, and 185.74 ± 10.25 %, respectively) and compound 10 reduced NO levels with an IC50 value of 71.25 μM in murine microglia BV2 cells stimulated by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Sub Kim
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-ku, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Se Suh
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-ku, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Lalita Subedi
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Choi
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Ro Lee
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-ku, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Münger LH, Jutzi S, Lampi AM, Nyström L. Comparison of Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Acid Hydrolysis of Sterol Glycosides from Foods Rich in Δ7-Sterols. Lipids 2015; 50:735-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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