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Wang Q, Huang Y, Zhou R, Wu K, Li W, Shi L, Xia Z, Tao K, Wang G, Wang G. Regulation and function of IL-22 in peritoneal adhesion formation after abdominal surgery. Wound Repair Regen 2020; 28:105-117. [PMID: 31148320 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal adhesion occurs frequently after gastrointestinal/gynecological surgery. Tissue repair and regeneration are very important during this process. IL-22 is an important cytokine that is secreted from immune cells but functions on mesenchymal cells, such as mesothelial cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the roles of IL-22 and its regulators during adhesion formation. Postsurgical peritoneal drainage fluid from patients and rodent models was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. It was observed that IL-22 expression in the abdominal cavity was rapidly induced 12 hours after surgery and then slowly decreased to a lower, steady level for up to 7 days after surgery. However, neutralizing IL-22 at the time point at which the highest level of expression was observed failed to reduce adhesion, but neutralizing IL-22 at a later time point, i.e., 3 days after surgery, prevented adhesion significantly. The IL-22 receptor was induced on the mesothelial membrane, and IL-22BP, an inhibitor of IL-22, was reduced 3 days after surgery. Furthermore, IFN-γ was identified to have the ability to induce IL-22R, and IL-18, which was induced by the infiltrating macrophages, was found to inhibit IL-22BP expression both in vivo and in vitro. Together, these data suggest that IL-22 may promote adhesion formation and that the regulation of IL-22, IL-22R, and IL-22BP may have therapeutic potential to prevent adhesion formation after surgery without disturbing the normal immune process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yongming Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zefeng Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Wu S, Uyama N, Itou RA, Hatano E, Tsutsui H, Fujimoto J. The Effect of Daikenchuto, Japanese Herbal Medicine, on Adhesion Formation Induced by Cecum Cauterization and Cecum Abrasion in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:179-186. [PMID: 30713250 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Daikenchuto (DKT) has been widely used for the treatment of postsurgical ileus in Japan. However, its effect on postsurgical adhesion formation has been obscure. In this study, the effect of DKT on postsurgical adhesion formation induced by cecum cauterization or cecum abrasion in mice was investigated. First, the expression of adhesion-related molecules in damaged ceca was investigated by quantitative (q)RT-PCR. During 24 h after surgery, mRNA expressions of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and Substance P (SP) in cauterized ceca and those of PAI-1 and IL-17 in abraded ceca were significantly up-regulated. Next, the effect of DKT on adhesion formation macroscopically evaluated with adhesion scoring standards. DKT (22.5-67.5 mg/d) was administered orally for 7 d during the perioperative period, and DKT did not reduce adhesion scores in either the cauterization model (control : DKT 67.5 mg/d, 4.8 ± 0.2 : 4.8 ± 0.2) or in the abrasion model (control : DKT 67.5 mg/d, 4.9 ± 0.1 : 4.5 ± 0.3). Histologically, collagen deposition and leukocyte accumulation were found at the adhesion areas of control mice in both models, and DKT supplementation did not alleviate them. Last, effect of DKT on expression of proadhesion moleculs was evaluated. DKT also failed to down-regulate mRNA expression levels of them in damaged ceca of both models. In conclusion, PAI-1 and IL-17 may be key molecules of postsurgical adhesion formation. Collagen deposition and leukocytes accumulation are histological characteristic feature of post-surgical adhesion formation. DKT may not have any preventive effect on postsurgical adhesion formation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Naoki Uyama
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Rei Atono Itou
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Hiroko Tsutsui
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Jiro Fujimoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine
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Ham DW, Son TI, Lee TJ, Song KS. Osteogenic effectiveness of photo-immobilized bone morphogenetic protein-2 using different azidophenyl-natural polymer carriers in rat calvarial defect model. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 121:333-341. [PMID: 30300698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The osteogenetic potential of photo-immobilized azdiophenyl (Az)-natural polymers as a carrier of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was assessed in 56 rats randomized to four groups. The control group comprised implanted collagen sheet with BMP-2. In the three experimental groups, the implant comprised collagen sheet with photo-immobilized BMP-2 on Az-gelatin (Az-Gel), Az-O-carboxymethyl chitosan (Az-OMC), or Az‑O‑carboxymethyl low molecular chitosan (Az-LMC). Micro-computed tomography analysis revealed more regenerated bone in Az-Gel at 8weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis at 4weeks revealed that the positively expressed cellular ratio in RUNX2-stained cells was significantly higher in Az-Gel and Az-OMC groups. At 8weeks, only the Az-Gel group showed higher positively expressed cellular ratio compared with the control group. These results demonstrate the superior osteogenetic potential of photo-immobilized BMP-2 using Az-Gel carrier in a rat calvarial defect model compared with control group. Photo-immobilization of BMP-2 using Az-gelatin could be a more effective carrier system of BMP-2 than a chitosan-based carrier system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Woong Ham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, 224-1 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, South Korea
| | - Tae-Il Son
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyenggi-do, South Korea
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, 224-1 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Sup Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, 224-1 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, South Korea.
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Ren C, Zhao D, Zhu L. Use of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan to prevent postsurgical adhesions in a rabbit double uterine horn model: a randomized controlled design. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:504-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-5019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Dalgic T, Oymaci E, Bostanci EB, Cakir T, Kece C, Erguder I, Akoglu M. Effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on postoperative adhesion formation and oxidative stress in a rat cecal abrasion model. Int J Surg 2015; 21:57-62. [PMID: 26188181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is claimed that CO2 pneumoperitoneum (CP) is less adhesiogenic than laparotomy. Our aim in this study was to investigate the local oxidative stress responses and related adhesion formation resulting from exposure to CP. METHODS Forty-five rats were randomised into six groups. Group 1 underwent laparotomy only; in group 2, 6 mmHg CP was performed for 60 min; in group 3, the same procedure was carried out using 12 mmHg CP; in group 4, laparotomy and cecal-peritoneal abrasion were performed; in group 5, 6 mmHg CP was performed for 60 min, followed by laparotomy and cecal-peritoneal abrasion; in group 6, the same procedure was carried out using 12 mmHg CP. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were sacrificed immediately and used only for biochemical examination. The other groups were sacrificed on the 14th postoperative day. RESULTS The total adhesion scores, thickness, quantity, extent and type of adhesions decreased steadily in groups 4, 5 and 6 (p < 0.05). The median values for neutrophil and monocyte infiltration, and for capillary and fibroblast proliferation decreased steadily in groups 4, 5 and 6 (p < 0.05). CAT, SOD and GSHPx levels decreased significantly in line with increasing pressure in groups 1, 2 and 3. SOD and GSHPx levels were similar in groups 4, 5 and 6, while CAT levels decreased with increasing pressure in groups 4, 5 and 6. CONCLUSION It was found that CP is associated with less adhesion formation than laparotomy in the presence of similar antioxidant levels. The reduced adhesion formation is probably caused by a decreased inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahsin Dalgic
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Oymaci
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Karabaglar, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Erdal Birol Bostanci
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tebessum Cakir
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Can Kece
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Imge Erguder
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Musa Akoglu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Synthesis and characterization of water soluble O-carboxymethyl chitosan Schiff bases and Cu(II) complexes. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:94-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang G, Wu K, Li W, Zhao E, Shi L, Wang J, Shuai X, Cai K, Lu X, Tao K, Wang G. Role of IL-17 and TGF-β in peritoneal adhesion formation after surgical trauma. Wound Repair Regen 2014; 22:631-9. [PMID: 24898474 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Wang
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Ende Zhao
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Xiaoming Shuai
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Kailin Cai
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
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Tao HY, He B, Liu SQ, Wei AL, Tao FH, Tao HL, Deng WX, Li HH, Chen Q. Effect of carboxymethylated chitosan on the biosynthesis of NGF and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the proliferation of Schwann cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 702:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Park SH, Seo SY, Na HN, Kim KI, Lee JW, Woo HD, Lee JH, Seok HK, Lee JG, Chung SI, Chung K, Han D, Ito Y, Jang EC, Son TI. Preparation of a visible light-reactive low molecular-O-carboxymethyl chitosan (LM-O-CMCS) derivative and applicability as an anti-adhesion agent. Macromol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-011-0914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Carboxymethylated chitosan stimulates proliferation of Schwann cells in vitro via the activation of the ERK and Akt signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 667:195-201. [PMID: 21699895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation of Schwann cell in the injured peripheral nerve supports axonal regeneration and also is critical for the regeneration of injured nerves. In this publication, carboxymethylated chitosan (CMCS) was studied to determine its capacity (i) to induce proliferation and synthesis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and (ii) to activate mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK) and phosphatidylinositil-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways in rat Schwann cells. CMCS was found to induce proliferation and PCNA synthesis in Schwann cells in a dose and time dependent manner. CMCS was shown to phosphorylate ERK1/2 and Akt in Schwann cell proliferation. The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt in Schwann cells was blocked by the MEK inhibitor PD98059 and the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin. In addition, inhibition of the MEK/ERK or the PI3K/Akt signaling pathways significantly decreased the proliferative effects of CMCS in Schwann cells. Overall, the above results indicate that CMCS stimulates proliferation of Schwann cells by activating the intracellular signaling cascades of ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt.
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Kece C, Ulas M, Ozer I, Ozel U, Bilgehan A, Aydog G, Dalgic T, Oymaci E, Bostanci B. Carbondioxide pneumoperitoneum prevents postoperative adhesion formation in a rat cecal abrasion model. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2010; 20:25-30. [PMID: 20059321 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2009.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the role of the carbon-dioxide (CO(2)) pneumoperitoneum on the prevention of postoperative adhesion formation. METHODS Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-350 g) were used for this study. The rats were randomly divided into three groups; in the sham group (n = 10) only, laparotomy was made, in group 2 (n = 10), a pneumoperitoneum was applied for a half-hour duration, followed by laparatomy, and in group 3 (n = 10), pneumoperitoenum time was 2 hours and after a pneumoperitoneum laparotomy was made. A cecal abrasion model was studied for making an adhesion formation. On day 14, all rats were sacrificed and adhesions were scored. Tissue samples from adhesions and peritonea and the cecum wall were examined, both pathologically and biochemically, for tissue hydroxyproline content. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between the control and pneumoperitoneum groups, regarding adhesion numbers and grades (P < 0.001). Cecal tissue hydroxypyroline content level was lower in group 1, and statistically significant differences were observed between groups 1, 2, and 3 regarding hydroxyproline content (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the control and pneumoperitoneum groups regarding inflammation (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment with the CO(2) pneumoperitoneum had a prophylactic effect on postoperative adhesion formation in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Kece
- Gastroenterologic Surgery, Yuksek Ihtisas Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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Dong AJ, Feng MH, Qi HY, Li SS, Deng LD. Synthesis and properties of O-carboxymethyl chitosan/methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) graft copolymers. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:869-76. [PMID: 17665110 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
O-carboxymethyl chitosan/methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) graft copolymers (OCMCS-g-MPEGs) with different degrees of substitution (DS) were synthesized by reductive N-alkylation of chitosan with poly(ethylene glycol) aldehyde. The properties of OCMCS-g-MPEGs, including the solubility, structure, hydrodynamic behaviors, isoelectric point (IEP) and interaction with water-soluble chitosan, were investigated. As a PEGylated polyampholyte, OCMCS-g-MPEGs can resolve in water over all pH range and the pH value at IEP (pH(IEP)) decreases when DS increases. The hydrodynamic behaviors of OCMCS-g-MPEGs in deionized H(2)O are markedly affected by DS and pH(IEP) in the experiment concentration range. The particle size of the complexes of OCMCS-g-MPEGs with water-soluble chitosan is strongly affected by the concentration of water-soluble chitosan and the pH value.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Jie Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
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Wang Y, Chen XG, Lv YH, Zhou HY, Zhang J. Effects of molecular structural parameters of carboxymethyl chitosan on the growth of fibroblastsin vitro. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ge HC, Luo DK. Preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan in aqueous solution under microwave irradiation. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:1351-6. [PMID: 15854605 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2004] [Revised: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 02/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carboxymethyl chitosan was prepared by reacting chitosan with chloroacetic acid in water under microwave irradiation. The effect of the reaction conditions was investigated and optimal conditions were identified. The influence of mass ratio of chloroacetic acid to chitosan, microwave power and pH on the degree of substitution or intrinsic viscosity were further studied. The degree of substitution of the carboxymethyl chitosan synthesized exceeded 0.85.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Cai Ge
- College of Chemistry, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Duran B, Ak D, Cetin A, Guvenal T, Cetin M, Imir AG. Reduction of Postoperative Adhesions by N,O-Carboxymethylchitosan and Spermine NONOate in Rats. Exp Anim 2003; 52:267-72. [PMID: 14562602 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.52.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postsurgical adhesions can occur following virtually all types of surgery, resulting in serious clinical complications. Therefore, prevention of adhesions is an important goal of surgical practice. A rat uterine horn model was used to investigate the efficacy of N,O-carboxymethylchitosan (NOCC) and spermine NONOate (SPER/NO) alone and in combination in preventing adhesion formation. METHODS Sixty Wistar albino rats underwent bilateral uterine horn injury with a unipolar cautery. Study groups were as follows: (i) control group, no adjuvant therapy; and those with adjuvant applied, (ii) normal saline group, 2 ml of normal saline was given; (iii) NOCC group, 2 ml of 2% NOCC gel was given; (iv) SPER/NO group, 2 ml of SPER/NO (0.5 mg/ml) was given, and (v) NOCC plus SPER/NO group, 2 ml of 2% NOCC gel including SPER/NO (0.5 mg/ml) was given. After 14 days, all animals were euthanatized, and a standard adhesion scoring system including extent and severity scores was applied by a blinded examiner. RESULTS The extent score in NOCC plus SPER/NO group was significantly lower than those of control and normal saline groups (p < 0.05). The extent score in NOCC group was significantly lower than that of normal saline group (p < 0.05). The extent score in NOCC plus SPER/NO group was significantly lower than that of SPER/NO group (p < 0.05). The severity score was significantly lower in NOCC plus SPER/NO and NOCC groups than that of control group (p < 0.05). The severity score was significantly lower in NOCC plus SPER/NO group than that of SPER/NO group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Postoperative administration of NOCC gel and SPER/NO alone and especially in combination to the site of peritoneal injury reduces the formation of adhesions in the rat uterine horn model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Duran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
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Lee DY, Choi IS, Han JH, Yoo HS. Chitosan and D-glucosamine induce expression of Th1 cytokine genes in porcine spleen cells. J Vet Med Sci 2002; 64:645-8. [PMID: 12185324 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.64.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan, a polymer of D-glucosamine, is a polysaccharide derived from the chitin found in the exoskeleton of shellfish, such as shrimp or crabs. The effects of chitosan has been recognized that chitosan-fed farm animals demonstrated higher weight gains but less incidence of diseases than the unfed ones. However, these beneficial effects has not been elucidated clearly. In this study, we examined the modulatory effect of chitosan and D-glucosamine on the expression of porcine cytokines in vitro. Porcine spleen cells were cultured in the presence of chitosan and D-glucosamine, and the effects of chitosan on the cytokine mRNA expression were evaluated. Expressions of IL-2 and IFN-gamma were increased in the chitosan-treated porcine spleen cells. Expressed cytokines in the D-glucosamine-treated cells were IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-12 p40 subunit. In particular, IFN-gamma was expressed more efficiently, and D-glucosamine was more effective for expressing the cytokine gene. These results suggest chitosan as well as D-glucosamine could induce the expression of cytokines as Th1 subset such as IL-2, IFN-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deog-Yong Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Korea
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Chung DR, Chitnis T, Panzo RJ, Kasper DL, Sayegh MH, Tzianabos AO. CD4+ T cells regulate surgical and postinfectious adhesion formation. J Exp Med 2002; 195:1471-8. [PMID: 12045245 PMCID: PMC2193541 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of adhesions in the peritoneal and pelvic cavities, which commonly form after surgery or infection, cause significant morbidity and mortality. However, the pathogenesis of adhesion formation is still poorly understood. Because T cells are important in orchestrating fibrinogenic tissue disorders, we hypothesized that they play a critical role in the pathogenesis of peritoneal adhesion formation. Using a cecal abrasion surgical model in rodents, T cell depletion and adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that this host response is dependent on CD4+ alphabeta T cells. These cells were also critical to adhesion formation associated with experimental intraabdominal sepsis. T cell transfer studies with mice deficient in signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)4 and Stat6 revealed that adhesion formation was dependent on a T helper 1 response. Activated T cells homed to the peritoneal cavity 6 hours after cecal abrasion surgery and predominated at this site during adhesiogenesis. Increased levels of the T cell-derived proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17 and of neutrophil chemoattractant CXC chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-2/CXCL8 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant/CXCL1 were associated with adhesion formation. The production of these chemokines was dependent on T cells. Furthermore, the administration of neutralizing antibodies specific for IL-17 or the receptor that binds these CXC chemokines, CXC chemokine receptor 2, significantly reduced the degree of adhesion formation. These results demonstrate for the first time that the immunopathogenesis of adhesion formation is under the control of T cells and that T cell-derived cytokines and chemokines play important roles in the development of this deleterious host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo Ryeon Chung
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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