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Palacio LC, Durango-Giraldo G, Zapata-Hernandez C, Santa-González GA, Uribe D, Saiz J, Buitrago-Sierra R, Tobón C. Characterization of airborne particulate matter and its toxic and proarrhythmic effects: A case study in Aburrá Valley, Colombia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122475. [PMID: 37652229 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Particle matter (PM) is a complex mixture of particles suspended in the air, mainly caused by fuel combustion from vehicles and industry, and has been related to pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. The Metropolitan Area of Aburrá Valley in Colombia is the second most populous urban agglomeration in the country and the third densest in the world, composed of ten municipalities. Examining the physicochemical properties of PM is crucial in comprehending its composition and its effects on human health, as it varies based on the socioeconomic dynamics specific to each city. This study characterized the PM collected from the north, south, and central zones to evaluate its chemical composition and morphology. Different elements such as silicon, carbon, aluminum, potassium, calcium, sodium, iron, magnesium, and copper and the presence of unburned fuel, motor oil, and silicon fibers were identified. In vitro and in silico studies were conducted to evaluate the toxicity of the PM, and it was found that the PM collected from the central zone had the greatest impact on cell viability and caused DNA damage. The in silico study demonstrated that PM has concentration-dependent proarrhythmic effects, reflected in an action potential duration shortening and an increased number of reentries, which may contribute to the development of cardiac arrhythmias. Overall, the results suggest that the size and chemical composition of ambient PM can induce toxicity and play an important role in the generation of arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Palacio
- MATBIOM, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Geraldine Durango-Giraldo
- MATyER, Facultad de Ingeniería, Institución Universitaria ITM, Medellín, Colombia; Departament of Textile and Paper Engineering, Polytechnical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camilo Zapata-Hernandez
- MATBIOM, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia; MATyER, Facultad de Ingeniería, Institución Universitaria ITM, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gloria A Santa-González
- GI(2)B, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Institución Universitaria ITM, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diego Uribe
- GI(2)B, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Institución Universitaria ITM, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Javier Saiz
- CI(2)B, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Catalina Tobón
- MATBIOM, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia.
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Palacio LC, Pachajoa DC, Echeverri-Londoño CA, Saiz J, Tobón C. Air Pollution and Cardiac Diseases: A Review of Experimental Studies. Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258231212793. [PMID: 37933269 PMCID: PMC10625734 DOI: 10.1177/15593258231212793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with around 6.5 million premature deaths annually, which are directly related to cardiovascular diseases, and the most dangerous atmospheric pollutants to health are as follows: NO2, SO2, CO, and PM. The mechanisms underlying the observed effects have not yet been clearly defined. This work aims to conduct a narrative review of experimental studies to provide a more comprehensive and multiperspective assessment of how the effect of atmospheric pollutants on cardiac activity can result in the development of cardiac diseases. For this purpose, a review was carried out in databases of experimental studies, excluding clinical trials, and epidemiological and simulation studies. After analyzing the available information, the existence of pathophysiological effects of the different pollutants on cardiac activity from exposure during both short-term and long-term is evident. This narrative review based on experimental studies is a basis for the development of recommendations for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Javier Saiz
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Palacio LC, Ugarte JP, Saiz J, Tobón C. The Effects of Fibrotic Cell Type and Its Density on Atrial Fibrillation Dynamics: An In Silico Study. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102769. [PMID: 34685750 PMCID: PMC8534881 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodeling in atrial fibrillation (AF) underlines the electrical and structural changes in the atria, where fibrosis is a hallmark of arrhythmogenic structural alterations. Fibrosis is an important feature of the AF substrate and can lead to abnormal conduction and, consequently, mechanical dysfunction. The fibrotic process comprises the presence of fibrotic cells, including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and fibrocytes, which play an important role during fibrillatory dynamics. This work assesses the effect of the diffuse fibrosis density and the intermingled presence of the three types of fibrotic cells on the dynamics of persistent AF. For this purpose, the three fibrotic cells were electrically coupled to cardiomyocytes in a 3D realistic model of human atria. Low (6.25%) and high (25%) fibrosis densities were implemented in the left atrium according to a diffuse fibrosis representation. We analyze the action potential duration, conduction velocity and fibrillatory conduction patterns. Additionally, frequency analysis was performed in 50 virtual electrograms. The tested fibrosis configurations generated a significant conduction velocity reduction, where the larger effect was observed at high fibrosis density (up to 82% reduction in the fibrocytes configuration). Increasing the fibrosis density intensifies the vulnerability to multiple re-entries, zigzag propagation, and chaotic activity in the fibrillatory conduction. The most complex propagation patterns were observed at high fibrosis densities and the fibrocytes are the cells with the largest proarrhythmic effect. Left-to-right dominant frequency gradients can be observed for all fibrosis configurations, where the fibrocytes configuration at high density generates the most significant gradients (up to 4.5 Hz). These results suggest the important role of different fibrotic cell types and their density in diffuse fibrosis on the chaotic propagation patterns during persistent AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Palacio
- Materiales Nanoestructurados y Biomodelación (MATBIOM), Universidad de Medellín, Medellín 050032, Colombia;
| | - Juan P. Ugarte
- Grupo de Investigación en Modelamiento y Simulación Computacional (GIMSC), Universidad de San Buenaventura, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
| | - Javier Saiz
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería (CIB), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Catalina Tobón
- Materiales Nanoestructurados y Biomodelación (MATBIOM), Universidad de Medellín, Medellín 050032, Colombia;
- Correspondence:
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Xiao J, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Dai H, OuYang Y, Li C, Yu M. MiRNA-1202 promotes the TGF-β1-induced proliferation, differentiation and collagen production of cardiac fibroblasts by targeting nNOS. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256066. [PMID: 34428251 PMCID: PMC8384215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a clinically common arrhythmia that affects human health. Myocardial fibrosis serves as an important contributor to AF. Recently, miRNA-1202 have been reported to be up-regulated in AF. However, the role of miRNA-1202 and its mechanism in myocardial fibrosis remain unclear. Methods Human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) were used to construct a fibrosis model by TGF-β1 induction. The expression of miR-1202 was measured by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 assays. Protein expression levels were measured by western blot. Collagen accumulation was measured by ELISA. The relationship between miR-1202 and nNOS was investigated by luciferase reporter assays. Results MiR-1202 expression was obviously increased in HCFs and was both time- and dose-independent. MiR-1202 could increase the proliferation and collagen I, collagen III, and α-SMA levels with or without TGF-β1. MiR-1202 could also increase TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 protein levels in comparison to the control group. However, they were obviously decreased after inhibitor transfection. MiR-1202 targets nNOS for negative regulation of HCFs fibrosis by decreasing cell differentiation, collagen deposition and the activity of the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway. Co-transfection of miR-1202 inhibitor and siRNA of nNOS inhibited nNOS protein expression, thereby enhancing the HCFs proliferation. Furthermore, co-transfection of the miR-1202 inhibitor and siRNA of nNOS significantly promoted collagen I, collagen III, TGF-β1, Smad2/3 and α-SMA protein expression and Smad2/3 protein phosphorylation. These findings suggested that miR-1202 promotes HCFs transformation to a pro-fibrotic phenotype by targeting nNOS through activating the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xiao
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, FuZhou First Hospital, FuZhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, FuZhou First Hospital, FuZhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuan Tang
- The Cardiac Function Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, FuZhou First Hospital, FuZhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Hengfen Dai
- The Department of Clinical Pharmacy, FuZhou First Hospital, FuZhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Yu OuYang
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, FuZhou First Hospital, FuZhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Chuanchuan Li
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, FuZhou First Hospital, FuZhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Meiqin Yu
- The Cardiac Function Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, FuZhou First Hospital, FuZhou, Fujian, P.R. China
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Muñoz-Rodríguez A, Maciel-Ruiz JA, Salazar AM, Sordo M, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Limón-Pacheco JH, Nepomuceno-Hernández AE, Ayala-Yáñez R, Gonsebatt ME, Osorio-Yáñez C. Prenatal Particulate Matter (PM) Exposure and Natriuretic Peptides in Newborns from Mexico City. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126546. [PMID: 34206994 PMCID: PMC8296353 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of this study was to assess associations between particulate matter (PM) exposure and natriuretic peptide concentrations in cord blood from newborns. (2) Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study in Mexico City with 101 pregnant women from CIMIGEN Hospital. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) were measured in plasma from cord blood in 51 newborns by ELISA. We estimated PM exposure (PM2.5 and PM10) at first, second and third trimester of pregnancy. (3) Results: The median and interquartile range for ANP, BNP and CNP plasma concentrations were 66.71 (46.92-80.23), 98.23 (73.64-112.30) and 1129.11 (944.10-1452.02) pg/mL, respectively. PM2.5 and PM10 levels for the whole pregnancy period were 22.2 µg/m3 and 41.63 µg/m3, respectively. Employing multivariable linear regression models adjusted for maternal age, newborn sex, smoking before pregnancy, maternal occupation and newborns' length and height, we observed a 2.47 pg/mL (95%CI: -4.67, -0.27) decrease in BNP associated with PM2.5 exposure during second trimester. Adjusted for the same set of confounders, third trimester PM10 exposure was inversely associated with ANP concentrations (beta estimate: -0.90; 95% CI: -1.80, -0.03). Neither PM10 nor PM2.5 were associated with CNP at any trimester of pregnancy. (4) Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to particulate matter was associated with ANP and BNP decrease in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Muñoz-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (A.M.S.); (M.S.); (P.O.-W.); (J.H.L.-P.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Jorge Alfonso Maciel-Ruiz
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (A.M.S.); (M.S.); (P.O.-W.); (J.H.L.-P.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Monserrat Sordo
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (A.M.S.); (M.S.); (P.O.-W.); (J.H.L.-P.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (A.M.S.); (M.S.); (P.O.-W.); (J.H.L.-P.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Jorge H. Limón-Pacheco
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (A.M.S.); (M.S.); (P.O.-W.); (J.H.L.-P.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Andrés Eduardo Nepomuceno-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Materno Infantil del Grupo de Estudios al Nacimiento, Asociación Hispano Mexicana, Ciudad de México 09880, Mexico; (A.E.N.-H.); (R.A.-Y.)
| | - Rodrigo Ayala-Yáñez
- Centro de Investigación Materno Infantil del Grupo de Estudios al Nacimiento, Asociación Hispano Mexicana, Ciudad de México 09880, Mexico; (A.E.N.-H.); (R.A.-Y.)
| | - María Eugenia Gonsebatt
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (A.M.S.); (M.S.); (P.O.-W.); (J.H.L.-P.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Citlalli Osorio-Yáñez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (A.M.S.); (M.S.); (P.O.-W.); (J.H.L.-P.); (M.E.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-5622-3159
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de Souza Vieira S, Antonio EL, de Melo BL, Portes LA, Montemor J, Oliveira HA, Martins FL, Zogbi C, Girardi AC, Silva JA, Camillo de Carvalho PDT, Tucci PJF, Serra AJ. Exercise Training Potentiates The Cardioprotective Effects of Stem Cells Post-infarction. Heart Lung Circ 2019; 28:263-271. [PMID: 29503239 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preconditioning of cell recipients may exert a significant role in attenuating the hostility of the infarction milieu, thereby enhancing the efficacy of cell therapy. This study was conducted to examine whether exercise training potentiates the cardioprotective effects of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation following myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. METHODS Four groups of female Fisher-344 rats were studied: Sham; non-trained rats with MI (sMI); non-trained rats with MI submitted to ADSCs transplantation (sADSC); trained rats with MI submitted to ADSCs (tADSC). Rats were trained 9 weeks prior to MI and ADSCs transplantation. Echocardiography was applied to assess cardiac function. Myocardial performance was evaluated in vitro. Protein expression analyses were carried out by immunoblotting. Periodic acid-Schiff staining was used to analyse capillary density and apoptosis was evaluated with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. RESULTS Echocardiography performed 4 weeks after the infarction revealed attenuated scar size in the both sADSC and tADSC groups compared to the sMI group. However, fractional shortening was improved only in the tADSC group. In vitro myocardial performance was similar between the tADSC and Sham groups. The expression of phosphoSer473Akt1 and VEGF were found to be higher in the hearts of the tADSC group compared to both the sADSC and sMI groups. Histologic analysis demonstrated that tADSC rats had higher capillary density in the remote and border zones of the infarcted sites compared to the sMI rats. CONCLUSIONS Preconditioning with exercise induces a pro-angiogenic milieu that may potentiate the therapeutic effects of ADSCs on cardiac remodelling following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leslie Andrews Portes
- Cardiology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Adventist Center University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jairo Montemor
- Cardiology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Leticia Martins
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Zogbi
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Costa Girardi
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Silva
- Laboratory of Biophotonic, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andrey Jorge Serra
- Cardiology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Biophotonic, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil.
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7
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Yu T, Zhang X, Zhong L, Cui Q, Hu X, Li B, Wang Z, Dai Y, Zheng Y, Bin P. The use of a 0.20 μm particulate matter filter decreases cytotoxicity in lung epithelial cells following air-liquid interface exposure to motorcycle exhaust. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:287-295. [PMID: 28477553 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether the use of a 0.20 μm particulate matter (PM) filter reduced the cytotoxicity induced by motorcycle exhaust (ME), a mixture of gases and particles, in lung epithelial cells cultured in air-liquid interface (ALI) inserts. The concentrations of PM, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, total hydrocarbons (THC), total volatile organic compounds, and nitrogen oxides in both filtered ME (fME) by a 0.20 μm filter and non-filtered ME (non-fME) were measured. Lung epithelial cells were exposed to clean air, fME, or non-fME in the ALI chamber. Cell relative viabilities (CRV) and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were determined. Our results revealed that PM2.5 was the main compound of PM in ME. After filtration, PM and THC levels were significantly reduced, as compared with non-fME. When compared with the clean air exposed group, the CRV in both fME and non-fME-exposed group was significantly reduced (p < 0.001), while their ROS generation were markedly increased (p < 0.001). When compared with non-fME-exposed group, the CRV and ROS generation were significantly improved following fME exposure (p < 0.05). As a result, of PM and THC concentrations were decreased approximately 90% and 22.71%, respectively, the CRV was improved from 40.4% (non-fME) to 55.7% (fME), and the increased ROS generation by non-fME was decreased about 51.6%. When BEAS-2B cells were exposed to fME, a time-dependent reduction in CRV was observed. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ME-exposure in the ALI system induces cytotoxicity and oxidative stress responses. The addition of a 0.20 μm PM filter significantly modifies the particulate composition in PM and the concentration of THC, and shows protective effects by improving the survival of exposed lung epithelial cells and reducing the ROS generation. Therefore, emission factors such as different size of PM and THC from motorcycles may play a role in ME-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Dongcheng District, Hepingli Street, No. 16, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Qiang Cui
- Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Dongcheng District, Hepingli Street, No. 16, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Dongcheng District, Hepingli Street, No. 16, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Bin Li
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhongxu Wang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yufei Dai
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ping Bin
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
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Koh HB, Scruggs AM, Huang SK. Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Increases DNA Methyltransferase 1 and 3a Expression through Distinct Post-transcriptional Mechanisms in Lung Fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19287-98. [PMID: 27405758 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.723080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a fundamental epigenetic mark that plays a critical role in differentiation and is mediated by the actions of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). TGF-β1 is one of the most potent inducers of fibroblast differentiation, and although many of its actions on fibroblasts are well described, the ability of TGF-β1 to modulate DNA methylation in mesenchymal cells is less clear. Here, we examine the ability of TGF-β1 to modulate the expression of various DNMTs in primary lung fibroblasts (CCL210). TGF-β1 increased the protein expression, but not RNA levels, of both DNMT1 and DNMT3a. The increases in DNMT1 and DNMT3a were dependent on TGF-β1 activation of focal adhesion kinase and PI3K/Akt. Activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 by Akt resulted in increased protein translation of DNMT3a. In contrast, the increase in DNMT1 by TGF-β1 was not dependent on new protein synthesis and instead was due to decreased protein degradation. TGF-β1 treatment led to the phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, which resulted in inhibition of DNMT1 ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation. The phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β was dependent on mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. These results demonstrate that TGF-β1 increases expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3a through different post-transcriptional mechanisms. Because DNA methylation is critical to many processes including development and differentiation, for which TGF-β1 is known to be crucial, the ability of TGF-β1 to increase expression of both DNMT1 and DNMT3a demonstrates a novel means by which TGF-β1 may regulate DNA methylation in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey B Koh
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Anne M Scruggs
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Steven K Huang
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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9
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Liu Y, Goodson JM, Zhang B, Chin MT. Air pollution and adverse cardiac remodeling: clinical effects and basic mechanisms. Front Physiol 2015; 6:162. [PMID: 26042051 PMCID: PMC4438225 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution has long been known to trigger cardiovascular events, primarily through activation of local and systemic inflammatory pathways that affect the vasculature. Detrimental effects of air pollution exposure on heart failure and cardiac remodeling have also been described in human populations. Recent studies in both human subjects and animal models have provided insights into the basic physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms that play a role in adverse cardiac remodeling. This review will give a brief overview of the relationship between air pollution and cardiovascular disease, describe the clinical effects of air pollution exposure on cardiac remodeling, describe the basic mechanisms that affect remodeling as described in human and animal systems and will discuss future areas of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jamie M Goodson
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael T Chin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA ; Department of Pathology, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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Johannson KA, Balmes JR, Collard HR. Air pollution exposure: a novel environmental risk factor for interstitial lung disease? Chest 2015; 147:1161-1167. [PMID: 25846532 PMCID: PMC4388120 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution exposure is a well-established risk factor for several adverse respiratory outcomes, including airways diseases and lung cancer. Few studies have investigated the relationship between air pollution and interstitial lung disease (ILD) despite many forms of ILD arising from environmental exposures. There are potential mechanisms by which air pollution could cause, exacerbate, or accelerate the progression of certain forms of ILD via pulmonary and systemic inflammation as well as oxidative stress. This article will review the current epidemiologic and translational data supporting the plausibility of this relationship and propose a new conceptual framework for characterizing novel environmental risk factors for these forms of lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri A Johannson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John R Balmes
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Harold R Collard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
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