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Clements ME, Holtslander L, Johnson JR, Johnson RW. Select HDAC Inhibitors Enhance Osteolysis and Bone Metastasis Outgrowth but Can Be Mitigated With Bisphosphonate Therapy. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10694. [PMID: 36936362 PMCID: PMC10020917 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has a high predilection for spreading to bone with approximately 70% of patients who succumb to disease harboring bone disseminated tumor cells. Despite this high prevalence, treatments for bone metastatic breast cancer predominantly manage morbidities, including pain and hypercalcemia, rather than reducing bone metastasis incidence or growth. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), including panobinostat, entinostat, and valproic acid, typically slow primary tumor progression and are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of many cancers, including primary and metastatic breast cancer, but their effects on bone metastatic disease have not been examined in preclinical models. We report that treatment with the HDACi panobinostat, but not entinostat or valproic acid, significantly reduced trabecular bone volume in tumor-naïve mice, consistent with previous reports of HDACi-induced bone loss. Surprisingly, treatment with entinostat or panobinostat, but not valproic acid, increased tumor burden and incidence in an experimental model of breast cancer bone metastasis. In vitro, multiple HDACi stimulated expression of pro-osteolytic genes in breast tumor cells, suggesting this may be a mechanism by which HDACi fuel tumor growth. In support of this, combination therapy of panobinostat or entinostat with the antiresorptive bisphosphonate zoledronic acid prevented bone metastatic progression; however, the addition of zoledronic acid to panobinostat therapy failed to fully correct panobinostat-induced bone loss. Together these data demonstrate that select HDACi fuel bone metastatic growth and provide potential mechanistic and therapeutic avenues to offset these effects. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda E Clements
- Program in Cancer BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Lauren Holtslander
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Joshua R Johnson
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Rachelle W Johnson
- Program in Cancer BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
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2
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Edwards CM, Clements ME, Vecchi LA, Johnson JA, Johnson RW. HDAC inhibitors stimulate LIFR when it is repressed by hypoxia or PTHrP in breast cancer. J Bone Oncol 2021; 31:100407. [PMID: 34934614 PMCID: PMC8661052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells frequently disseminate to the bone marrow, where they either induce osteolysis or enter a dormant state. Downregulation of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR), a known breast tumor suppressor, enables otherwise dormant MCF7 human breast cancer cells to become aggressively osteolytic. Hypoxia (low oxygen tensions), which may develop in tumors as a pathological response to the metabolic demands of the proliferating cells and as a physiological state in the bone, downregulates LIFR in breast cancer cells independent of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling. However, the mechanism by which LIFR is repressed in hypoxia is unknown. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors stimulate LIFR by increasing histone acetylation in the proximal promoter and induce a dormancy phenotype in breast cancer cells inoculated into the mammary fat pad. We therefore aimed to determine whether hypoxia alters histone acetylation in the LIFR promoter, and whether HDAC inhibitors effectively stimulate LIFR in breast cancer cells residing in hypoxic microenvironments. Herein, we confirmed that disseminated MCF7 cells became hypoxic in the bone and that hypoxia increased the epigenetic transcriptional repressor H3K9me3 in the distal LIFR promoter while H3K9ac, which promotes transcription, was significantly reduced. Furthermore, HDAC inhibitor treatment rescued hypoxic repression and dramatically increased expression of LIFR, p38β, and p21, which regulate tumor dormancy. In a second model of LIFR repression, in which parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) suppresses LIFR expression, we found that PTHrP binds to the distal LIFR promoter, and that PTHrP suppression of LIFR protein is similarly reversed by HDAC inhibitor treatment. Together, these data suggest that HDAC inhibitors stimulate LIFR regardless of the way it is repressed by the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M. Edwards
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Miranda E. Clements
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lawrence A. Vecchi
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jasmine A. Johnson
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachelle W. Johnson
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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3
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Clements ME, Holtslander L, Edwards C, Todd V, Dooyema SDR, Bullock K, Bergdorf K, Zahnow CA, Connolly RM, Johnson RW. HDAC inhibitors induce LIFR expression and promote a dormancy phenotype in breast cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:5314-5326. [PMID: 34247191 PMCID: PMC8403155 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in breast cancer treatment, residual disease driven by dormant tumor cells continues to be a significant clinical problem. Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) promotes a dormancy phenotype in breast cancer cells and LIFR loss is correlated with poor patient survival. Herein, we demonstrate that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), which are in phase III clinical trials for breast cancer, epigenetically induced LIFR and activated a pro-dormancy program in breast cancer cells. HDACi slowed breast cancer cell proliferation and reduced primary tumor growth. Primary breast tumors from HDACi-treated patients had increased LIFR levels and reduced proliferation rates compared to pre-treatment levels. Recent Phase II clinical trial data studying entinostat and azacitidine in metastatic breast cancer revealed that induction of several pro-dormancy genes post-treatment was associated with prolonged patient survival. Together, these findings suggest HDACi as a potential therapeutic avenue to promote dormancy, prevent recurrence, and improve patient outcomes in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda E Clements
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lauren Holtslander
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Courtney Edwards
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vera Todd
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel D R Dooyema
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kennady Bullock
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kensey Bergdorf
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cynthia A Zahnow
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roisin M Connolly
- Cancer Research@UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachelle W Johnson
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Hinz N, Jücker M. AKT in Bone Metastasis of Solid Tumors: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102287. [PMID: 34064589 PMCID: PMC8151478 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bone metastasis is a frequent complication of solid tumors and leads to a reduced overall survival. Although much progress has been made in the field of tumor therapy in the last years, bone metastasis depicts a stage of the disease with a lack of appropriate therapeutical options. Hence, this review aims to present the role of AKT in bone metastasis of solid tumors to place the spotlight on AKT as a possible therapeutical approach for patients with bone metastases. Furthermore, we intended to discuss postulated underlying molecular mechanisms of the bone metastasis-promoting effect of AKT, especially in highly bone-metastatic breast, prostate, and lung cancer. To conclude, this review identified the AKT kinase as a potential therapeutical target in bone metastasis and revealed remaining questions, which need to be addressed in further research projects. Abstract Solid tumors, such as breast cancer and prostate cancer, often form bone metastases in the course of the disease. Patients with bone metastases frequently develop complications, such as pathological fractures or hypercalcemia and exhibit a reduced life expectancy. Thus, it is of vital importance to improve the treatment of bone metastases. A possible approach is to target signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is frequently dysregulated in solid tumors. Therefore, we sought to review the role of the serine/threonine kinase AKT in bone metastasis. In general, activation of AKT signaling was shown to be associated with the formation of bone metastases from solid tumors. More precisely, AKT gets activated in tumor cells by a plethora of bone-derived growth factors and cytokines. Subsequently, AKT promotes the bone-metastatic capacities of tumor cells through distinct signaling pathways and secretion of bone cell-stimulating factors. Within the crosstalk between tumor and bone cells, also known as the vicious cycle, the stimulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts also causes activation of AKT in these cells. As a consequence, bone metastasis is reduced after experimental inhibition of AKT. In summary, AKT signaling could be a promising therapeutical approach for patients with bone metastases of solid tumors.
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Kar S, Jasuja H, Katti DR, Katti KS. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway Regulates Osteogenesis for Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis: Experiments in an In Vitro Nanoclay Scaffold Cancer Testbed. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:2600-2611. [PMID: 33463270 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer shows a high affinity toward bone, causing bone-related complications, leading to a poor clinical prognosis. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been well-documented for the bone regenerative process; however, the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in breast cancer bone metastasis is poorly explored. Here, we report that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has a significant effect on osteogenesis during breast cancer bone metastasis. In this study, we have created a 3D in vitro breast cancer bone metastatic microenvironment using nanoclay-based scaffolds along with osteogenically differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). The results showed upregulation in expressions of Wnt-related factors (Wnt-5a, β-catenin, AXIN2, and LRP5) in sequential cultures of MSCs with MCF-7 as compared to sequential cultures of MSCs with MDA-MB-231. Sequential cultures of MSCs with MCF-7 also showed higher β-catenin expression on the protein levels than sequential cultures of MSCs with MDA-MB-231. Stimulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in sequential cultures of MSCs with MCF-7 by ET-1 resulted in increased bone formation, whereas inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by DKK-1 displayed a significant decrease in bone formation, mimicking bone lesions in breast cancer patients. These data collectively demonstrate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling governs osteogenesis within the tumor-harboring bone microenvironment, leading to bone metastasis. The nanoclay scaffold provides a unique testbed approach for analysis of the pathways of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Kar
- Center for Engineered Cancer Test Beds, Materials and Nanotechnology Program, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Haneesh Jasuja
- Center for Engineered Cancer Test Beds, Materials and Nanotechnology Program, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Dinesh R Katti
- Center for Engineered Cancer Test Beds, Materials and Nanotechnology Program, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Kalpana S Katti
- Center for Engineered Cancer Test Beds, Materials and Nanotechnology Program, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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6
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Nagpal A, Redvers RP, Ling X, Ayton S, Fuentes M, Tavancheh E, Diala I, Lalani A, Loi S, David S, Anderson RL, Smith Y, Merino D, Denoyer D, Pouliot N. Neoadjuvant neratinib promotes ferroptosis and inhibits brain metastasis in a novel syngeneic model of spontaneous HER2 +ve breast cancer metastasis. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:94. [PMID: 31409375 PMCID: PMC6693253 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-targeted therapies prolong survival in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Benefit stems primarily from improved control of systemic disease, but up to 50% of patients progress to incurable brain metastases due to acquired resistance and/or limited permeability of inhibitors across the blood-brain barrier. Neratinib, a potent irreversible pan-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, prolongs disease-free survival in the extended adjuvant setting, and several trials evaluating its efficacy alone or combination with other inhibitors in early and advanced HER2-positive breast cancer patients are ongoing. However, its efficacy as a first-line therapy against HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastasis has not been fully explored, in part due to the lack of relevant pre-clinical models that faithfully recapitulate this disease. Here, we describe the development and characterisation of a novel syngeneic model of spontaneous HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastasis (TBCP-1) and its use to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of action of neratinib. Methods TBCP-1 cells were derived from a spontaneous BALB/C mouse mammary tumour and characterised for hormone receptors and HER2 expression by flow cytometry, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Neratinib was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in the metastatic and neoadjuvant setting. Its mechanism of action was examined by transcriptomic profiling, function inhibition assays and immunoblotting. Results TBCP-1 cells naturally express high levels of HER2 but lack expression of hormone receptors. TBCP-1 tumours maintain a HER2-positive phenotype in vivo and give rise to a high incidence of spontaneous and experimental metastases in the brain and other organs. Cell proliferation/viability in vitro is inhibited by neratinib and by other HER2 inhibitors, but not by anti-oestrogens, indicating phenotypic and functional similarities to human HER2-positive breast cancer. Mechanistically, neratinib promotes a non-apoptotic form of cell death termed ferroptosis. Importantly, metastasis assays demonstrate that neratinib potently inhibits tumour growth and metastasis, including to the brain, and prolongs survival, particularly when used as a neoadjuvant therapy. Conclusions The TBCP-1 model recapitulates the spontaneous spread of HER2-positive breast cancer to the brain seen in patients and provides a unique tool to identify novel therapeutics and biomarkers. Neratinib-induced ferroptosis provides new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Further evaluation of neratinib neoadjuvant therapy is warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-019-1177-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadya Nagpal
- Matrix Microenvironment & Metastasis Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Richard P Redvers
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.,Metastasis Research Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Xiawei Ling
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Scott Ayton
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Miriam Fuentes
- Matrix Microenvironment & Metastasis Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Elnaz Tavancheh
- Matrix Microenvironment & Metastasis Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Irmina Diala
- Puma Biotechnology, Inc., 10880 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Alshad Lalani
- Puma Biotechnology, Inc., 10880 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Sherene Loi
- Translational Breast Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Steven David
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Moorabbin Campus, East Bentleigh, VIC, 3165, Australia
| | - Robin L Anderson
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.,Metastasis Research Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Yvonne Smith
- Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Delphine Merino
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.,Tumour Progression and Heterogeneity Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and ELIZA Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Delphine Denoyer
- Matrix Microenvironment & Metastasis Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Normand Pouliot
- Matrix Microenvironment & Metastasis Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia. .,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia. .,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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Kim SH, Redvers RP, Chi LH, Ling X, Lucke AJ, Reid RC, Fairlie DP, Martin ACBM, Anderson RL, Denoyer D, Pouliot N. Identification of brain metastasis genes and therapeutic evaluation of histone deacetylase inhibitors in a clinically relevant model of breast cancer brain metastasis. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.034850. [PMID: 29784888 PMCID: PMC6078399 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.034850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer brain metastases remain largely incurable. Although several mouse models have been developed to investigate the genes and mechanisms regulating breast cancer brain metastasis, these models often lack clinical relevance since they require the use of immunocompromised mice and/or are poorly metastatic to brain from the mammary gland. We describe the development and characterisation of an aggressive brain metastatic variant of the 4T1 syngeneic model (4T1Br4) that spontaneously metastasises to multiple organs, but is selectively more metastatic to the brain from the mammary gland than parental 4T1 tumours. As seen by immunohistochemistry, 4T1Br4 tumours and brain metastases display a triple-negative phenotype, consistent with the high propensity of this breast cancer subtype to spread to brain. In vitro assays indicate that 4T1Br4 cells have an enhanced ability to adhere to or migrate across a brain-derived endothelial monolayer and greater invasive response to brain-derived soluble factors compared to 4T1 cells. These properties are likely to contribute to the brain selectivity of 4T1Br4 tumours. Expression profiling and gene set enrichment analyses demonstrate the clinical relevance of the 4T1Br4 model at the transcriptomic level. Pathway analyses implicate tumour-intrinsic immune regulation and vascular interactions in successful brain colonisation, revealing potential therapeutic targets. Evaluation of two histone deacetylase inhibitors, SB939 and 1179.4b, shows partial efficacy against 4T1Br4 metastasis to brain and other sites in vivo, and potent radio-sensitising properties in vitro. The 4T1Br4 model provides a clinically relevant tool for mechanistic studies and to evaluate novel therapies against brain metastasis. This article has an associated First Person interview with Soo-Hyun Kim, joint first author of the paper. Summary: The authors introduce a new syngeneic mouse model of spontaneous breast cancer brain metastasis, demonstrate its phenotypic, functional and transcriptomic relevance to human TNBC brain metastasis, and test novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyun Kim
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Richard P Redvers
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Lap Hing Chi
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Xiawei Ling
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lucke
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Robert C Reid
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Robin L Anderson
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Delphine Denoyer
- Matrix Microenvironment & Metastasis Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Normand Pouliot
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia .,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Matrix Microenvironment & Metastasis Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
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8
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Angeloni V, Contessi N, De Marco C, Bertoldi S, Tanzi MC, Daidone MG, Farè S. Polyurethane foam scaffold as in vitro model for breast cancer bone metastasis. Acta Biomater 2017; 63:306-316. [PMID: 28927931 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) represents the most incident cancer case in women (29%), with high mortality rate. Bone metastasis occurs in 20-50% cases and, despite advances in BC research, the interactions between tumor cells and the metastatic microenvironment are still poorly understood. In vitro 3D models gained great interest in cancer research, thanks to the reproducibility, the 3D spatial cues and associated low costs, compared to in vivo and 2D in vitro models. In this study, we investigated the suitability of a poly-ether-urethane (PU) foam as 3D in vitro model to study the interactions between BC tumor-initiating cells and the bone microenvironment. PU foam open porosity (>70%) appeared suitable to mimic trabecular bone structure. The PU foam showed good mechanical properties under cyclic compression (E=69-109kPa), even if lower than human trabecular bone. The scaffold supported osteoblast SAOS-2 cell line proliferation, with no cytotoxic effects. Human adipose derived stem cells (ADSC) were cultured and differentiated into osteoblast lineage on the PU foam, as shown by alizarin red staining and RT-PCR, thus offering a bone biomimetic microenvironment to the further co-culture with BC derived tumor-initiating cells (MCFS). Tumor aggregates were observed after three weeks of co-culture by e-cadherin staining and SEM; modification in CaP distribution was identified by SEM-EDX and associated to the presence of tumor cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated the suitability of the PU foam to reproduce a bone biomimetic microenvironment, useful for the co-culture of human osteoblasts/BC tumor-initiating cells and to investigate their interaction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 3D in vitro models represent an outstanding alternative in the study of tumor metastases development, compared to traditional 2D in vitro cultures, which oversimplify the 3D tissue microenvironment, and in vivo studies, affected by low reproducibility and ethical issues. Several scaffold-based 3D in vitro models have been proposed to recapitulate the development of metastases in different body sites but, still, the crucial challenge is to correctly mimic the tissue to be modelled in terms of physical, mechanical and biological properties. Here, we prove the suitability of a porous polyurethane foam, synthesized using an appropriate formulaton, in mimicking the bone tissue microenvironment and in reproducing the metastatic colonization derived from human breast cancer, particularly evidencing the devastating effects on the bone extracellular matrix caused by metastatic spreading.
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9
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Martin ACBM, Fuzer AM, Becceneri AB, da Silva JA, Tomasin R, Denoyer D, Kim SH, McIntyre KA, Pearson HB, Yeo B, Nagpal A, Ling X, Selistre-de-Araújo HS, Vieira PC, Cominetti MR, Pouliot N. [10]-gingerol induces apoptosis and inhibits metastatic dissemination of triple negative breast cancer in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:72260-72271. [PMID: 29069785 PMCID: PMC5641128 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the use of non-toxic natural products for the treatment of various pathologies, including cancer. In particular, biologically active constituents of the ginger oleoresin (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) have been shown to mediate anti-tumour activity and to contribute to the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiemetic properties of ginger. Here we report on the inhibitory properties of [10]-gingerol against metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in vitro and in vivo. We show that [10]-gingerol concentration-dependently induces apoptotic death in mouse and human TNBC cell lines in vitro. In addition, [10]-gingerol is well tolerated in vivo, induces a marked increase in caspase-3 activation and inhibits orthotopic tumour growth in a syngeneic mouse model of spontaneous breast cancer metastasis. Importantly, using both spontaneous and experimental metastasis assays, we show for the first time that [10]-gingerol significantly inhibits metastasis to multiple organs including lung, bone and brain. Remarkably, inhibition of brain metastasis was observed even when treatment was initiated after surgical removal of the primary tumour. Taken together, these results indicate that [10]-gingerol may be a safe and useful complementary therapy for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and warrant further investigation of its efficacy, either alone or in combination with standard systemic therapies, in pre-clinical models of metastatic breast cancer and in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina M Fuzer
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda B Becceneri
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rebeka Tomasin
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Delphine Denoyer
- Metals in Medicine Laboratory, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Melbourne Burwood Campus, Deakin University, VIC, Australia
| | - Soo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pathology and University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine A McIntyre
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen B Pearson
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cathays, Cardiff, UK
| | - Belinda Yeo
- Matrix Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Aadya Nagpal
- Matrix Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Xiawei Ling
- Department of Pathology and University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Paulo Cézar Vieira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia R Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Normand Pouliot
- Department of Pathology and University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Matrix Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
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10
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Qin Y, Rodin S, Simonson OE, Hollande F. Laminins and cancer stem cells: Partners in crime? Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 45:3-12. [PMID: 27491691 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
As one of the predominant protein families within the extracellular matrix both structurally and functionally, laminins have been shown to be heavily involved in tumor progression and drug resistance. Laminins participate in key cellular events for tumor angiogenesis, cell invasion and metastasis development, including the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and basement membrane remodeling, which are tightly associated with the phenotypic characteristics of stem-like cells, particularly in the context of cancer. In addition, a great deal of studies and reports has highlighted the critical roles of laminins in modulating stem cell phenotype and differentiation, as part of the stem cell niche. Stemming from these discoveries a growing body of literature suggests that laminins may act as regulators of cancer stem cells, a tumor cell subpopulation that plays an instrumental role in long-term cancer maintenance, metastasis development and therapeutic resistance. The accumulating evidence in this emerging research area suggests that laminins represent potential therapeutic targets for anti-cancer treatments against cancer stem cells, and that they may be used as predictive and prognostic markers to inform clinical management and improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Oscar E Simonson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Frédéric Hollande
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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11
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Xi Y, Chen Y. Oncogenic and Therapeutic Targeting of PTEN Loss in Bone Malignancies. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1837-47. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Xi
- Department of Orthopaedics; Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; China
| | - Yan Chen
- Division in Signaling Biology; Princess Margaret Cancer Center; University Health Network; Toronto Canada
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12
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Johnstone CN, Smith YE, Cao Y, Burrows AD, Cross RSN, Ling X, Redvers RP, Doherty JP, Eckhardt BL, Natoli AL, Restall CM, Lucas E, Pearson HB, Deb S, Britt KL, Rizzitelli A, Li J, Harmey JH, Pouliot N, Anderson RL. Functional and molecular characterisation of EO771.LMB tumours, a new C57BL/6-mouse-derived model of spontaneously metastatic mammary cancer. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:237-51. [PMID: 25633981 PMCID: PMC4348562 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.017830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The translation of basic research into improved therapies for breast cancer patients requires relevant preclinical models that incorporate spontaneous metastasis. We have completed a functional and molecular characterisation of a new isogenic C57BL/6 mouse model of breast cancer metastasis, comparing and contrasting it with the established BALB/c 4T1 model. Metastatic EO771.LMB tumours were derived from poorly metastatic parental EO771 mammary tumours. Functional differences were evaluated using both in vitro assays and spontaneous metastasis assays in mice. Results were compared to non-metastatic 67NR and metastatic 4T1.2 tumours of the 4T1 model. Protein and transcript levels of markers of human breast cancer molecular subtypes were measured in the four tumour lines, as well as p53 (Tp53) tumour-suppressor gene status and responses to tamoxifen in vivo and in vitro. Array-based expression profiling of whole tumours identified genes and pathways that were deregulated in metastatic tumours. EO771.LMB cells metastasised spontaneously to lung in C57BL/6 mice and displayed increased invasive capacity compared with parental EO771. By immunohistochemical assessment, EO771 and EO771.LMB were basal-like, as was the 4T1.2 tumour, whereas 67NR had a luminal phenotype. Primary tumours from all lines were negative for progesterone receptor, Erb-b2/Neu and cytokeratin 5/6, but positive for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Only 67NR displayed nuclear estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positivity. EO771 and EO771.LMB expressed mutant p53, whereas 67NR and 4T1.2 were p53-null. Integrated molecular analysis of both the EO771/EO771.LMB and 67NR/4T1.2 pairs indicated that upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), parathyroid hormone-like hormone (Pthlh) and S100 calcium binding protein A8 (S100a8) and downregulation of the thrombospondin receptor (Cd36) might be causally involved in metastatic dissemination of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron N Johnstone
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yvonne E Smith
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Yuan Cao
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Allan D Burrows
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Ryan S N Cross
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Xiawei Ling
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Richard P Redvers
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Judy P Doherty
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Bedrich L Eckhardt
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anthony L Natoli
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Christina M Restall
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Erin Lucas
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Helen B Pearson
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Siddhartha Deb
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 2010, Australia
| | - Kara L Britt
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alexandra Rizzitelli
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Jason Li
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Judith H Harmey
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Normand Pouliot
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robin L Anderson
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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13
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Carter RZ, Micocci KC, Natoli A, Redvers RP, Paquet-Fifield S, Martin ACBM, Denoyer D, Ling X, Kim SH, Tomasin R, Selistre-de-Araújo H, Anderson RL, Pouliot N. Tumour but not stromal expression of β3 integrin is essential, and is required early, for spontaneous dissemination of bone-metastatic breast cancer. J Pathol 2015; 235:760-72. [PMID: 25430721 DOI: 10.1002/path.4490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although many preclinical studies have implicated β3 integrin receptors (αvβ3 and αIIbβ3) in cancer progression, β3 inhibitors have shown only modest efficacy in patients with advanced solid tumours. The limited efficacy of β3 inhibitors in patients could arise from our incomplete understanding of the precise function of β3 integrin and, consequently, inappropriate clinical application. Data from animal studies are conflicting and indicate heterogeneity with respect to the relative contributions of β3-expressing tumour and stromal cell populations in different cancers. Here we aimed to clarify the function and relative contributions to metastasis of tumour versus stromal β3 integrin in clinically relevant models of spontaneous breast cancer metastasis, with particular emphasis on bone metastasis. We show that stable down-regulation of tumour β3 integrin dramatically impairs spontaneous (but not experimental) metastasis to bone and lung without affecting primary tumour growth in the mammary gland. Unexpectedly, and in contrast to subcutaneous tumours, orthotopic tumour vascularity, growth and spontaneous metastasis were not altered in mice null for β3 integrin. Tumour β3 integrin promoted migration, protease expression and trans-endothelial migration in vitro and increased vascular dissemination in vivo, but was not necessary for bone colonization in experimental metastasis assays. We conclude that tumour, rather than stromal, β3 expression is essential and is required early for efficient spontaneous breast cancer metastasis to bone and soft tissues. Accordingly, differential gene expression analysis in cohorts of breast cancer patients showed a strong association between high β3 expression, early metastasis and shorter disease-free survival in patients with oestrogen receptor-negative tumours. We propose that β3 inhibitors may be more efficacious if used in a neoadjuvant setting, rather than after metastases are established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Zoe Carter
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
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