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Ahmadi M, Emzhik M, Mosayebnia M. Nanoparticles labeled with gamma-emitting radioisotopes: an attractive approach for in vivo tracking using SPECT imaging. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1546-1583. [PMID: 36811810 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Providing accurate molecular imaging of the body and biological process is critical for diagnosing disease and personalizing treatment with the minimum side effects. Recently, diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals have gained more attention in precise molecular imaging due to their high sensitivity and appropriate tissue penetration depth. The fate of these radiopharmaceuticals throughout the body can be traced using nuclear imaging systems, including single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) modalities. In this regard, nanoparticles are attractive platforms for delivering radionuclides into targets because they can directly interfere with the cell membranes and subcellular organelles. Moreover, applying radiolabeled nanomaterials can decrease their toxicity concerns because radiopharmaceuticals are usually administrated at low doses. Therefore, incorporating gamma-emitting radionuclides into nanomaterials can provide imaging probes with valuable additional properties compared to the other carriers. Herein, we aim to review (1) the gamma-emitting radionuclides used for labeling different nanomaterials, (2) the approaches and conditions adopted for their radiolabeling, and (3) their application. This study can help researchers to compare different radiolabeling methods in terms of stability and efficiency and choose the best way for each nanosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Emzhik
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Mosayebnia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Niayesh Junction, Vali-E-Asr Ave, Tehran, 14155-6153, Iran.
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2
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Ahmed ETM, Hassan M, Shamma RN, Makky A, Hassan DH. Controlling the Evolution of Selective Vancomycin Resistance through Successful Ophthalmic Eye-Drop Preparation of Vancomycin-Loaded Nanoliposomes Using the Active-Loading Method. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1636. [PMID: 37376084 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin is the front-line defense and drug of choice for the most serious and life-threatening methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. However, poor vancomycin therapeutic practice limits its use, and there is a consequent rise of the threat of vancomycin resistance by complete loss of its antibacterial activity. Nanovesicles as a drug-delivery platform, with their featured capabilities of targeted delivery and cell penetration, are a promising strategy to resolve the shortcomings of vancomycin therapy. However, vancomycin's physicochemical properties challenge its effective loading. In this study, we used the ammonium sulfate gradient method to enhance vancomycin loading into liposomes. Depending on the pH difference between the extraliposomal vancomycin-Tris buffer solution (pH 9) and the intraliposomal ammonium sulfate solution (pH 5-6), vancomycin was actively and successfully loaded into liposomes (up to 65% entrapment efficiency), while the liposomal size was maintained at 155 nm. Vancomycin-loaded nanoliposomes effectively enhanced the bactericidal effect of vancomycin; the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value for MRSA decreased 4.6-fold. Furthermore, they effectively inhibited and killed heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate S.aureous (h-VISA) with an MIC of 0.338 μg mL-1. Moreover, MRSA could not develop resistance against vancomycin that was loaded into and delivered by liposomes. Vancomycin-loaded nanoliposomes could be a feasible solution for enhancing vancomycin's therapeutic use and controlling the emerging vancomycin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Tahra M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Mariam Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez 43511, Egypt
| | - Rehab Nabil Shamma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Amna Makky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Doaa H Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Giza 12585, Egypt
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3
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Low HY, Yang CT, Xia B, He T, Lam WWC, Ng DCE. Radiolabeled Liposomes for Nuclear Imaging Probes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093798. [PMID: 37175207 PMCID: PMC10180453 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative nuclear imaging techniques are in high demand for various disease diagnostics and cancer theranostics. The non-invasive imaging modality requires radiotracing through the radioactive decay emission of the radionuclide. Current preclinical and clinical radiotracers, so-called nuclear imaging probes, are radioisotope-labeled small molecules. Liposomal radiotracers have been rapidly developing as novel nuclear imaging probes. The physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of liposomes have been elucidated to address their long circulation and stability as radiopharmaceuticals. Various radiolabeling methods for synthesizing radionuclides onto liposomes and synthesis strategies have been summarized to render them biocompatible and enable specific targeting. Through a variety of radionuclide labeling methods, radiolabeled liposomes for use as nuclear imaging probes can be obtained for in vivo biodistribution and specific targeting studies. The advantages of radiolabeled liposomes including their use as potential clinical nuclear imaging probes have been highlighted. This review is a comprehensive overview of all recently published liposomal SPECT and PET imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Ying Low
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Chang-Tong Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Bin Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Tao He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Winnie Wing Chuen Lam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - David Chee Eng Ng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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4
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Mukherjee A, Bisht B, Dutta S, Paul MK. Current advances in the use of exosomes, liposomes, and bioengineered hybrid nanovesicles in cancer detection and therapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2759-2776. [PMID: 35379933 PMCID: PMC9622806 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three major approaches of cancer therapy can be enunciated as delivery of biotherapeutics, tumor image analysis, and immunotherapy. Liposomes, artificial fat bubbles, are long known for their capacity to encapsulate a diverse range of bioactive molecules and release the payload in a sustained, stimuli-responsive manner. They have already been widely explored as a delivery vehicle for therapeutic drugs as well as imaging agents. They are also extensively being used in cancer immunotherapy. On the other hand, exosomes are naturally occurring nanosized extracellular vesicles that serve an important role in cell-cell communication. Importantly, the exosomes also have proven their capability to carry an array of active pharmaceuticals and diagnostic molecules to the tumor cells. Exosomes, being enriched with tumor antigens, have numerous immunomodulatory effects. Much to our intrigue, in recent times, efforts have been directed toward developing smart, bioengineered, exosome-liposome hybrid nanovesicles, which are augmented by the benefits of both vesicular systems. This review attempts to summarize the contemporary developments in the use of exosome and liposome toward cancer diagnosis, therapy, as a vehicle for drug delivery, diagnostic carrier for tumor imaging, and cancer immunotherapy. We shall also briefly reflect upon the recent advancements of the exosome-liposome hybrids in cancer therapy. Finally, we put forward future directions for the use of exosome/liposome and/or hybrid nanocarriers for accurate diagnosis and personalized therapies for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bharti Bisht
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Suman Dutta
- International Institute of Innovation and Technology, New Town, Kolkata, 700156, India
| | - Manash K Paul
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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5
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Nanoparticles and Radioisotopes: A Long Story in a Nutshell. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102024. [DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this narrative review was to assess the use of nanoparticles (NPs) to deliver radionuclides to targets, focusing on systems that have been tested in pre-clinical and, when available, clinical settings. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science databases using the following terms: “radionuclides” AND “liposomes” or “PLGA nanoparticles” or “gold nanoparticles” or “iron oxide nanoparticles” or “silica nanoparticles” or “micelles” or “dendrimers”. No filters were applied, apart from a minimum limit of 10 patients enrolled for clinical studies. Data from some significant studies from pre-clinical and clinical settings were retrieved, and we briefly describe the information available. All the selected seven classes of nanoparticles were highly tested in clinical trials, but they all present many drawbacks. Liposomes are the only ones that have been tested for clinical applications, though they have never been commercialized. In conclusion, the application of NPs for imaging has been the object of much interest over the years, albeit mainly in pre-clinical settings. Thus, we think that, based on the current state, radiolabeled NPs must be investigated longer before finding their place in nuclear medicine.
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Pellico J, Gawne PJ, T M de Rosales R. Radiolabelling of nanomaterials for medical imaging and therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3355-3423. [PMID: 33491714 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials offer unique physical, chemical and biological properties of interest for medical imaging and therapy. Over the last two decades, there has been an increasing effort to translate nanomaterial-based medicinal products (so-called nanomedicines) into clinical practice and, although multiple nanoparticle-based formulations are clinically available, there is still a disparity between the number of pre-clinical products and those that reach clinical approval. To facilitate the efficient clinical translation of nanomedicinal-drugs, it is important to study their whole-body biodistribution and pharmacokinetics from the early stages of their development. Integrating this knowledge with that of their therapeutic profile and/or toxicity should provide a powerful combination to efficiently inform nanomedicine trials and allow early selection of the most promising candidates. In this context, radiolabelling nanomaterials allows whole-body and non-invasive in vivo tracking by the sensitive clinical imaging techniques positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Furthermore, certain radionuclides with specific nuclear emissions can elicit therapeutic effects by themselves, leading to radionuclide-based therapy. To ensure robust information during the development of nanomaterials for PET/SPECT imaging and/or radionuclide therapy, selection of the most appropriate radiolabelling method and knowledge of its limitations are critical. Different radiolabelling strategies are available depending on the type of material, the radionuclide and/or the final application. In this review we describe the different radiolabelling strategies currently available, with a critical vision over their advantages and disadvantages. The final aim is to review the most relevant and up-to-date knowledge available in this field, and support the efficient clinical translation of future nanomedicinal products for in vivo imaging and/or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pellico
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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7
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Improving plasma stability and antitumor effect of gemcitabine via PEGylated liposome prepared by active drug loading. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Gundogdu E, Demir ES, Özgenç E, Yeğen G, Aksu B. Applying Quality by Design Principles in the Development and Preparation of a New Radiopharmaceutical: Technetium-99m-Imatinib Mesylate. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5297-5305. [PMID: 32201818 PMCID: PMC7081423 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The clinical impact and accessibility of 99mTc tracers for cancer diagnosis would be greatly enhanced by the availability of a new, simple, and easy labeling process and radiopharmaceuticals. In this study, Technetium-99m-imatinib mesylate ([99mTc]TcIMT) was developed and prepared as a new radiopharmaceutical for breast cancer diagnosis. The effect of critical process parameters on the product quality and stability of [99mTc]TcIMT was investigated using the quality by design concept of the ICH Q8 (Pharmaceutical Development) guideline. [99mTc]TcIMT was subjected to in vitro cell binding studies to determine healthy and cancer cell affinity using HaCaT and MCF-7 cells, respectively. The optimal radiolabeling procedure with 1 mg of IMT, 500 μg of stannous chloride, 0.1 mg of ascorbic acid, and 1mCi 99mTc radioactivity was obtained for [99mTc]TcIMT. The pH of the reaction mixture was adjusted to 10 and allowed to react for 15 min at room temperature. The radiochemical purity of [99mTc]TcIMT was found to be higher than 90% at room temperature up to 6 h. Chromatography analysis revealed >85% [99mTc]TcIMT complex formation with promising stability in saline, cell medium, and serum up to 6 h. The radiolabeled complex showed a higher cell-binding ratio to MCF-7 cells (88.90% ± 3.12) than HaCaT cells (45.64 ± 4.72) when compared to 99mTc. Our findings show that the developed preparation method for [99mTc]TcIMT falls well within the proven acceptable ranges. Applying quality by design (QbD) principles is feasible and worthwhile for the preparation of [99mTc]TcIMT. In conclusion, radiochemical purity, stability, and in vitro cell binding evaluation of the [99mTc]TcIMT complex indicate that the agent can be utilized for imaging of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evren Gundogdu
- Department
of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege
University, Bornova 35040, Izmir, Turkey
- E-mail: . Phone: 00902323112210. Fax: 00902323885258
| | - Emine Selin Demir
- Department
of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege
University, Bornova 35040, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emre Özgenç
- Department
of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege
University, Bornova 35040, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gizem Yeğen
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Esentepe 34217, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Buket Aksu
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Esentepe 34217, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Ilem-Ozdemir D, Atlihan-Gundogdu E, Ekinci M, Halay E, Ay K, Karayildirim T, Asikoglu M. Radiolabeling and in vitro evaluation of a new 5-fluorouracil derivative with cell culture studies. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:874-884. [PMID: 31495966 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The clinical impact and accessibility of 99m Tc tracers for cancer diagnosis would be greatly enhanced by the availability of a new, simple, and easy labeling process and radiopharmaceuticals. 5-Fluorouracil is an antitumor drug, which has played an important role for the treatment of breast carcinoma. In the present study, a new derivative of 5-Fluorouracil was synthesized as (1-[{1'-(1''-deoxy-2'',3'':4'',5''-di-O-isopropylidene-β-D-fructopyranose-1''-yl)-1'H-1',2', 3'-triazol-4'-yl}methyl]-5-fluorouracil) (E) and radiolabeled with 99m Tc. It was analyzed by radio thin layer chromatography for quality control and stability. The radiolabeled complex was subjected to in vitro cell-binding studies to determine healthy and cancer cell affinity using HaCaT and MCF-7 cells, respectively. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity studies of compound E were performed with HaCaT and MCF-5 cells. The radiochemical purity of the [99m Tc]TcE was found to be higher than 90% at room temperature up to 6 hours. The radiolabeled complex showed higher specific binding to MCF-7 cells than HaCaT cells. IC50 values of E were found 31.5 ± 3.4 μM and 20.7 ± 2.77 μM for MCF-7 and HaCaT cells, respectively. The results demonstrated the potential of a new radiolabeled E with 99m Tc has selective for breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Ilem-Ozdemir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | | | - Meliha Ekinci
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Erkan Halay
- Scientific Analysis and Technological Application and Research Center, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Kadir Ay
- Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Tamer Karayildirim
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Makbule Asikoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
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10
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Man F, Gawne PJ, T M de Rosales R. Nuclear imaging of liposomal drug delivery systems: A critical review of radiolabelling methods and applications in nanomedicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 143:134-160. [PMID: 31170428 PMCID: PMC6866902 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The integration of nuclear imaging with nanomedicine is a powerful tool for efficient development and clinical translation of liposomal drug delivery systems. Furthermore, it may allow highly efficient imaging-guided personalised treatments. In this article, we critically review methods available for radiolabelling liposomes. We discuss the influence that the radiolabelling methods can have on their biodistribution and highlight the often-overlooked possibility of misinterpretation of results due to decomposition in vivo. We stress the need for knowing the biodistribution/pharmacokinetics of both the radiolabelled liposomal components and free radionuclides in order to confidently evaluate the images, as they often share excretion pathways with intact liposomes (e.g. phospholipids, metallic radionuclides) and even show significant tumour uptake by themselves (e.g. some radionuclides). Finally, we describe preclinical and clinical studies using radiolabelled liposomes and discuss their impact in supporting liposomal drug development and clinical translation in several diseases, including personalised nanomedicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Man
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Gawne
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand Campus, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
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11
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de Kruijff RM, Drost K, Thijssen L, Morgenstern A, Bruchertseifer F, Lathouwers D, Wolterbeek HT, Denkova AG. Improved 225Ac daughter retention in InPO 4 containing polymersomes. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 128:183-189. [PMID: 28734193 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-emitting radionuclides like actinium-225 (225Ac) are ideal candidates for the treatment of small metastasised tumours, where the long half-life of 225Ac enables it to also reach less accessible tumours. The main challenge lies in retaining the recoiled alpha-emitting daughter nuclides, which are decoupled from targeting agents upon emission of an alpha particle and can subsequently cause unwanted toxicity to healthy tissue. Polymersomes, vesicles composed of amphiphilic block copolymers, are capable of transporting (radio)pharmaceuticals to tumours, and are ideal candidates for the retention of these daughter nuclides. In this study, the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation package was used to simulate ideal vesicle designs. Vesicles containing an InPO4 nanoparticle in the core were found to have the highest recoil retention, and were subsequently synthesized in the lab. The recoil retention of two of the daughter nuclides, namely francium-221 (221Fr) and bismuth-213 (213Bi) was determined at different vesicle sizes. Recoil retention was found to have improved significantly, from 37 ± 4% and 22 ± 1% to 57 ± 5% and 40 ± 2% for 221Fr and 213Bi respectively for 100nm polymersomes, as compared to earlier published results by Wang et al. where 225Ac was encapsulated using a hydrophilic chelate (Wang et al. 2014). To better understand the different parameters influencing daughter retention, simulation data was expanded to include vesicle polydispersity and nanoparticle position within the polymersome. The high retention of the recoiling daughters and the 225Ac itself makes this vesicle design very suitable for future in vivo verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M de Kruijff
- Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - K Drost
- Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - L Thijssen
- SynerScope, Kastanjelaan 14, 5268 CA Helvoirt, The Netherlands
| | - A Morgenstern
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Bruchertseifer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Lathouwers
- Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - H T Wolterbeek
- Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - A G Denkova
- Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan S Pattni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Vladimir V Chupin
- Laboratory for Advanced Studies of Membrane Proteins, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Nilsson C, Barrios-Lopez B, Kallinen A, Laurinmäki P, Butcher SJ, Raki M, Weisell J, Bergström K, Larsen SW, Østergaard J, Larsen C, Urtti A, Airaksinen AJ, Yaghmur A. SPECT/CT imaging of radiolabeled cubosomes and hexosomes for potential theranostic applications. Biomaterials 2013; 34:8491-503. [PMID: 23932247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a highly efficient method for the radiolabeling of phytantriol (PHYT)/oleic acid (OA)-based hexosomes based on the surface chelation of technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) to preformed hexosomes using the polyamine 1, 12-diamino-3, 6, 9-triazododecane (SpmTrien) as chelating agent. We also report on the unsuccessful labeling of cubosomes using the well-known chelating agent hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO). The (99m)Tc-labeled SpmTrien-hexosomes ((99m)Tc-SpmTrien-hexosomes) were synthesized with good radiolabeling (84%) and high radiochemical purity (>90%). The effect of radiolabeling on the internal nanostructure and the overall size of these aqueous dispersions was investigated by using synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron cryo microscopy (cryo-TEM). Further, we show the utility of (99m)Tc-SpmTrien-hexosomes for the in vivo imaging of healthy mice using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in combination with computed tomography (CT), i.e. SPECT/CT. SPECT/CT experiments of subcutaneously administered (99m)Tc-SpmTrien-hexosomes to the flank of mice showed a high stability in vivo allowing imaging of the distribution of the radiolabeled hexosomes for up to 24 h. These injected (99m)Tc-SpmTrien-hexosomes formed a deposit within the subcutaneous adipose tissue, displaying a high biodistribution of ≈ 343% injected dose/g tissue (%ID/g), with negligible uptake in other organs and tissues. The developed (99m)Tc labeling method for PHYT/OA-based hexosomes could further serve as a useful tool for investigating and imaging the in vivo performance of cubosomal and hexosomal drug nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Nilsson
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Liu TW, MacDonald TD, Shi J, Wilson BC, Zheng G. Intrinsically Copper-64-Labeled Organic Nanoparticles as Radiotracers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Liu TW, MacDonald TD, Shi J, Wilson BC, Zheng G. Intrinsically copper-64-labeled organic nanoparticles as radiotracers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:13128-31. [PMID: 23154923 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PET friendly: labels for PET imaging are incorporated into completely organic porphysomes by using a fast (30 min), one-pot, high-yielding (>95 %) procedure to produce highly stable (>48 h) radiolabeled nanoparticles that show the highest specific activity ever reported for a (64) Cu-labeled nanoparticle. These (64) Cu-porphysomes can be accurately and noninvasively tracked in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy W Liu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, UHN, Canada
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16
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Orthmann A, Fichtner I, Zeisig R. Improving the transport of chemotherapeutic drugs across the blood-brain barrier. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2012; 4:477-90. [PMID: 22114857 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.11.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The successful treatment of brain tumors or metastases in the brain is still hampered by the very efficient blood-brain barrier, which prevents the cerebral accumulation of a pharmacologically sufficient amount of a drug. Beside the possibility of disintegrating the functionality of this effective working barrier, a nanocarrier-mediated transport is presently an interesting and promising method to increase the drug concentration in the brain. Nanocarriers are small vesicles (<200 nm) and can be prepared by polymerization, resulting in nanoparticles, or by producing superficial lipid structures to incorporate the drug. In this context, liposomes are of importance owing to their ability to adapt their properties to the pharmacological requirements. In this article, we will give an overview of current possibilities of enhancing anticancer drug transport across the blood-brain barrier, based on its structure and functionality. Special consideration will be given to recent liposomal approaches that use active targeting for receptor-mediated transport across this physiological barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Orthmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Experimental Pharmacology, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13122 Berlin, German
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17
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Li S, Goins B, Hrycushko BA, Phillips WT, Bao A. Feasibility of eradication of breast cancer cells remaining in postlumpectomy cavity and draining lymph nodes following intracavitary injection of radioactive immunoliposomes. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2513-22. [PMID: 22894603 DOI: 10.1021/mp300132f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most diagnosed early stage breast cancer cases are treated by lumpectomy and adjuvant radiation therapy, which significantly decreases the locoregional recurrence but causes inevitable toxicity to normal tissue. By using a technique of preparing liposomes carrying technetium-99m ((99m)Tc), rhenium-186 ((186)Re), or rhenium-188 ((188)Re) radionuclides, as well as chemotherapeutic agents, or their combination, for cancer therapy with real time image-monitoring of pharmacokinetics and prediction of therapy effect, this study investigated the potential of a novel targeted focal radiotherapy with low systemic toxicity using radioactive immunoliposomes to treat both the surgical cavity and draining lymph nodes in a rat breast cancer xenograft positive surgical margin model. Immunoliposomes modified with either panitumumab (anti-EGFR) or bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) were remote loaded with (99m)Tc diagnostic radionuclide, and injected into the surgical cavity of female nude rats with positive margins postlumpectomy. Locoregional retention and systemic distribution of (99m)Tc-immunoliposomes were investigated by nuclear imaging, stereofluorescent microscopic imaging, and gamma counting. Histopathological examination of excised draining lymph nodes was performed. The locoregional retention of (99m)Tc-immunoliposomes in each animal was influenced by the physiological characteristics of the surgical site of individual animals. Panitumumab- and bevacizumab-liposome groups had higher intracavitary retention compared with the control liposome groups. Draining lymph node uptake was influenced by both the intracavitary radioactivity retention level and metastasis status. The panitumumab-liposome group had higher accumulation on the residual tumor surface and in the metastatic lymph nodes. Radioactive liposomes that were cleared from the cavity were metabolized quickly and accumulated at low levels in vital organs. Therapeutic radionuclide-carrying specifically targeted panitumumab- and bevacizumab-liposomes have increased potential compared to non-antibody targeted liposomes for postlumpectomy focal therapy to eradicate remaining breast cancer cells inside the cavity and draining lymph nodes with low systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, United States
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18
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Jensen ATI, Binderup T, Andresen TL, Kjær A, Rasmussen PH. PET imaging of liposomes labeled with an [18F]-fluorocholesteryl ether probe prepared by automated radiosynthesis. J Liposome Res 2012; 22:295-305. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2012.698418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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19
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Li S, Goins B, Zhang L, Bao A. Novel multifunctional theranostic liposome drug delivery system: construction, characterization, and multimodality MR, near-infrared fluorescent, and nuclear imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1322-32. [PMID: 22577859 DOI: 10.1021/bc300175d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are effective lipid nanoparticle drug delivery systems, which can also be functionalized with noninvasive multimodality imaging agents with each modality providing distinct information and having synergistic advantages in diagnosis, monitoring of disease treatment, and evaluation of liposomal drug pharmacokinetics. We designed and constructed a multifunctional theranostic liposomal drug delivery system, which integrated multimodality magnetic resonance (MR), near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent and nuclear imaging of liposomal drug delivery, and therapy monitoring and prediction. The premanufactured liposomes were composed of DSPC/cholesterol/Gd-DOTA-DSPE/DOTA-DSPE with the molar ratio of 39:35:25:1 and having ammonium sulfate/pH gradient. A lipidized NIR fluorescent tracer, IRDye-DSPE, was effectively postinserted into the premanufactured liposomes. Doxorubicin could be effectively postloaded into the multifunctional liposomes. The multifunctional doxorubicin-liposomes could also be stably radiolabeled with (99m)Tc or (64)Cu for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, respectively. MR images displayed the high-resolution micro-intratumoral distribution of the liposomes in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) tumor xenografts in nude rats after intratumoral injection. NIR fluorescent, SPECT, and PET images also clearly showed either the high intratumoral retention or distribution of the multifunctional liposomes. This multifunctional drug carrying liposome system is promising for disease theranostics allowing noninvasive multimodality NIR fluorescent, MR, SPECT, and PET imaging of their in vivo behavior and capitalizing on the inherent advantages of each modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Li
- Department of Radiology and ‡Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
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Li S, Goins B, Phillips WT, Saenz M, Otto PM, Bao A. Post-lumpectomy intracavitary retention and lymph node targeting of (⁹⁹m)Tc-encapsulated liposomes in nude rats with breast cancer xenograft. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 130:97-107. [PMID: 21181436 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-1309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are recognized drug delivery systems with tumor-targeting capability. In addition, therapeutic or diagnostic radionuclides can be efficiently loaded into liposomes. This study investigated the feasibility of utilizing radiotherapeutic liposomes as a new post-lumpectomy radiotherapy for early-stage breast cancer by determining the locoregional retention and systemic distribution of liposomes radiolabeled with technetium-99m ((⁹⁹m)Tc) in an orthotopic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenograft nude rat model. To test this new brachytherapy approach, a positive surgical margin lumpectomy model was set up by surgically removing the xenograft and deliberately leaving a small tumor remnant in the surgical cavity. Neutral, anionic, and cationic surface-charged fluorescent liposomes of 100 and 400 nm diameter were manufactured and labeled with (⁹⁹m)Tc-BMEDA. Locoregional retention and systemic distribution of (⁹⁹m)Tc-liposomes injected into the post-lumpectomy cavity were determined using non-invasive nuclear imaging, ex vivo tissue gamma counting and fluorescent stereomicroscopic imaging. The results indicated that (⁹⁹)Tc-liposomes were effectively retained in the surgical cavity (average retention was 55.7 ± 24.2% of injected dose for all rats at 44 h post-injection) and also accumulated in the tumor remnant (66.9 ± 100.4%/g for all rats). The majority of cleared (⁹⁹m)Tc was metabolized quickly and excreted into feces and urine, exerting low radiation burden on vital organs. In certain animals (⁹⁹m)Tc-liposomes significantly accumulated in the peripheral lymph nodes, especially 100 nm liposomes with anionic surface charge. The results suggest that post-lumpectomy intracavitary administration of therapeutic radionuclides delivered by 100-nm anionic liposome carrier is a potential therapy for the simultaneous treatment of the surgical cavity and the draining lymph nodes of early-stage breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
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