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Yildiz SN, Entezari M, Paskeh MDA, Mirzaei S, Kalbasi A, Zabolian A, Hashemi F, Hushmandi K, Hashemi M, Raei M, Goharrizi MASB, Aref AR, Zarrabi A, Ren J, Orive G, Rabiee N, Ertas YN. Nanoliposomes as nonviral vectors in cancer gene therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e583. [PMID: 38919334 PMCID: PMC11199024 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonviral vectors, such as liposomes, offer potential for targeted gene delivery in cancer therapy. Liposomes, composed of phospholipid vesicles, have demonstrated efficacy as nanocarriers for genetic tools, addressing the limitations of off-targeting and degradation commonly associated with traditional gene therapy approaches. Due to their biocompatibility, stability, and tunable physicochemical properties, they offer potential in overcoming the challenges associated with gene therapy, such as low transfection efficiency and poor stability in biological fluids. Despite these advancements, there remains a gap in understanding the optimal utilization of nanoliposomes for enhanced gene delivery in cancer treatment. This review delves into the present state of nanoliposomes as carriers for genetic tools in cancer therapy, sheds light on their potential to safeguard genetic payloads and facilitate cell internalization alongside the evolution of smart nanocarriers for targeted delivery. The challenges linked to their biocompatibility and the factors that restrict their effectiveness in gene delivery are also discussed along with exploring the potential of nanoliposomes in cancer gene therapy strategies by analyzing recent advancements and offering future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of Advanced Science and TechnologyTehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- Department of Medical Convergence SciencesFarhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of Advanced Science and TechnologyTehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- Department of Medical Convergence SciencesFarhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceIslamic Azad UniversityScience and Research BranchTehranIran
| | - Alireza Kalbasi
- Department of PharmacyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Department of OrthopedicsShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Clinical Sciences InstituteNephrology and Urology Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of Advanced Science and TechnologyTehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- Department of Medical Convergence SciencesFarhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Mehdi Raei
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of HealthBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer ScienceDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Translational SciencesXsphera Biosciences Inc.BostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesIstinye UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesDepartment of CardiologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research GroupSchool of PharmacyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Vitoria‐GasteizSpain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology ‐ UIRMI (UPV/EHU‐Fundación Eduardo Anitua)Vitoria‐GasteizSpain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research GroupVitoria‐GasteizSpain
- The AcademiaSingapore Eye Research InstituteSingaporeSingapore
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative TherapeuticsMurdoch UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
- ERNAM—Nanotechnology Research and Application CenterErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
- UNAM−National Nanotechnology Research CenterBilkent UniversityAnkaraTurkey
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2
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Ruseska I, Zimmer A. Cellular uptake and trafficking of peptide-based drug delivery systems for miRNA. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 191:189-204. [PMID: 37666365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Today, macromolecular compounds such as microRNAs (miRNAs) are becoming more and more widespread as leading therapeutics. However, their application is limited mostly due to their poor stability, limited cellular uptake, and poor target specificity. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), a group of positively charged peptides, represent a breakthrough as delivery systems for macromolecules. In the present study, we used two types of nanoparticles which differ in the type of CPP used for their manufacturing. The first type is composed of protamine, an arginine rich CPP, which is highly positively charged. The arginine residues are able to form electrostatic interactions with miRNAs, stabilize them, and deliver them to cells. The second type is composed of the N-Ter peptide (also known as MPG), an amphipathic peptide rich in lysine. The positively charged parts of the N-Ter peptide electrostatically stabilize miRNAs, whereas its amphipathic character allows it to successfully traverse cell membranes. We used miRNA-27a, a negative regulator of adipogenesis, to form nanoparticles with the peptides and traced their uptake in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Motivated by the lengthy discourse regarding the uptake mechanism of CPPs, the focus of our study was to analyse and understand the internalization of proticles (protamine nanoparticles) and N-Ter complexes. The nanoparticles were characterized regarding size, size distribution, and zeta potential, and their cytotoxicity was tested in 3T3-L1 cells. The uptake studies were performed by varying the experimental conditions such as time, concentration, and temperature, as well as by applying different inhibitors of endocytosis. Furthermore, we assessed the biological effect of miRNA-27a on the pro-adipogenic machinery. The obtained data have shown that protamine and the N-Ter peptide form positively charged nanoparticles through non-covalent complexation. The uptake of proticles and N-Ter complexes was found to be dependent on time, concentration, and temperature, and different uptake pathways were discovered to be involved in the internalization of the different nanoparticles. Furthermore, both types of nanoparticles induced the anti-adipogenic effect of miRNA-27a, demonstrating that this approach can be used as a novel miRNA replacement therapy in the treatment of obesity and obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Ruseska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Yang T, Curtis S, Bai A, Young A, Derosier D, Ripley S, Bai S. CRISPR/Cas9 targeting liposomes knocked down multidrug resistance proteins in brain endothelial cells as a model to predict potential pharmacoresistance. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113103. [PMID: 36571980 PMCID: PMC9899320 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This investigation aimed to use CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing to knock down P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression and then establish a feasible cell line to evaluate the potential pharmacoresistance of therapeutic agents mediated by efflux. A cationic liposome was prepared as a "smart bomb" by conjugating with a peptide-based targeting ligand (THRPPMWSPVWP), specifically binding to transferrin receptors at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and then formed a nanocomplex with P-gp knockdown CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid. Higher uptakes of targeted and stable liposomes in bEND.3 cells were observed compared to non-peptide conjugated ones (p < 0.05). The P-gp transporters were successfully knocked down by the cell-nontoxic CRISPR/Cas9 targeted liposomes and P-gp associated ATP activities were higher in the transfected cells (p < 0.05). Functional studies of knocked down cells were evaluated by using prototypical P-gp substrates rhodamine 123 and doxorubicin. More accumulation of rhodamine 123 and higher cytotoxic sensitivity of doxorubicin was observed in the transfected cells as compared with those in the wild-type cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, USA
| | - Skye Curtis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, USA
| | - Albert Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, USA
| | - Abby Young
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, USA
| | - Derek Derosier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, USA
| | - Shannon Ripley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, USA
| | - Shuhua Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, USA.
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4
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Li T, Huang L, Yang M. Lipid-based Vehicles for siRNA Delivery in Biomedical Field. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:3-22. [PMID: 31549951 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190924164152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic drugs have aroused much attention in the past twenty years. RNA interference (RNAi) offers novel insights into discovering potential gene functions and therapies targeting genetic diseases. Small interference RNA (siRNA), typically 21-23 nucleotides in length, can specifically degrade complementary mRNA. However, targeted delivery and controlled release of siRNA remain a great challenge. METHODS Different types of lipid-based delivery vehicles have been synthesized, such as liposomes, lipidoids, micelles, lipoplexes and lipid nanoparticles. These carriers commonly have a core-shell structure. For active targeting, ligands may be conjugated to the surface of lipid particles. RESULTS Lipid-based drug delivery vehicles can be utilized in anti-viral or anti-tumor therapies. They can also be used to tackle genetic diseases or discover novel druggable genes. CONCLUSION In this review, the structures of lipid-based vehicles and possible surface modifications are described, and applications of delivery vehicles in biomedical field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhong Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Linfeng Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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5
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Khodabakhsh F, Muyldermans S, Behdani M, Kazemi-Lomedasht F. Liposomal delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor/receptors and their inhibitors. J Drug Target 2019; 28:379-385. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1693578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Khodabakhsh
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Annealing novel nucleobase-lipids with oligonucleotides or plasmid DNA based on H-bonding or π-π interaction: Assemblies and transfections. Biomaterials 2018; 178:147-157. [PMID: 29933101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid derivatives of nucleoside analogs have been highlighted for their potential for effective gene delivery. A novel class of nucleobase-lipids are rationally designed and readily synthesized, comprising thymine/cytosine, an ester/amide linker and an oleyl lipid. The diversity of four nucleobase-lipids termed DXBAs (DOTA, DNTA, DOCA and DNCA) is investigated. Besides, DNCA is demonstrated to be an effective neutral transfection material for nucleic acid delivery, which enbles to bind to oligonucleotides via H-bonding and π-π stacking with reduced toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Several kinds of nucleic acid drugs including aptamer, ssRNA, antisense oligonucleotide, and plasmid DNAs can be delivered by DXBAs, especially DNCA. In particular, G4-aptamer AS1411 encapsulated by DNCA exhibits cellular uptake enhancement, lysosome degradation reduction, cell apoptosis promotion, cell cycle phase alteration in vitro and duration prolongation in vivo, resulting in significant anti-proliferative activity. Our results demonstrate that DNCA is a promising transfection agent for G4-aptamers and exhibites bright application prospects in the permeation improvement of single-stranded oligonucleotides or plasmid DNAs.
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Yang T, Ferrill L, Gallant L, McGillicuddy S, Fernandes T, Schields N, Bai S. Verapamil and riluzole cocktail liposomes overcome pharmacoresistance by inhibiting P-glycoprotein in brain endothelial and astrocyte cells: A potent approach to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 120:30-39. [PMID: 29704642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Riluzole is currently one of two approved medications for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, brain disposition of riluzole, as a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), is limited by the efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We propose to develop a liposomal co-delivery system that could effectively transport riluzole to brain cells by reducing efflux pumps with a P-gp inhibitor, verapamil. Riluzole and verapamil cocktail liposomes were prepared by lipid film hydration. The average particle size of cocktail liposomes was 194.3 ± 6.0 nm and their polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.272 ± 0.017. The encapsulation efficiencies of verapamil and riluzole in the cocktail liposomes were 86.0 ± 1.4% and 85.6 ± 1.1%, respectively. The drug release from cocktail liposomes after 8 h in PBS at 37 °C was 78.4 ± 6.2% of riluzole and 76.7 ± 3.8% of verapamil. The average particle size of liposomes did not show significant changes at 4 °C after three months. Verapamil cocktail liposomes inhibited P-gp levels measured by western blotting in dose and time-dependent manners in brain endothelial bEND.3 cells. Increased drug efflux transporters were detected in bEND.3 and astrocytes C8D1A cells, promoted by tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Restored accumulations of riluzole and fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 were observed in bEND.3 cells after treatments with cocktail liposomes. It indicated that inhibitory potential of co-delivery liposome system towards P-gp could mediate the transport of both P-gp substrates. Verapamil and riluzole co-loaded liposomes may be used to overcome pharmacoresistance of riluzole for improving ALS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States
| | - Laine Ferrill
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States
| | - Leanne Gallant
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States
| | - Sarah McGillicuddy
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States
| | - Tatiana Fernandes
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States
| | - Nicole Schields
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States
| | - Shuhua Bai
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, 1 College Circle, Bangor, ME 04401, United States.
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Temprana CF, Prieto MJ, Igartúa DE, Femia AL, Amor MS, Alonso SDV. Diacetylenic lipids in the design of stable lipopolymers able to complex and protect plasmid DNA. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186194. [PMID: 29020107 PMCID: PMC5636127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Different viral and non-viral vectors have been designed to allow the delivery of nucleic acids in gene therapy. In general, non-viral vectors have been associated with increased safety for in vivo use; however, issues regarding their efficacy, toxicity and stability continue to drive further research. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of the polymerizable diacetylenic lipid 1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DC8,9PC) as a strategy to formulate stable cationic lipopolymers in the delivery and protection of plasmid DNA. Cationic lipopolymers were prepared following two different methodologies by using DC8,9PC, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), and the cationic lipids (CL) 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), stearylamine (SA), and myristoylcholine chloride (MCL), in a molar ratio of 1:1:0.2 (DMPC:DC8,9PC:CL). The copolymerization methodology allowed obtaining cationic lipopolymers which were smaller in size than those obtained by the cationic addition methodology although both techniques presented high size stability over a 166-day incubation period at 4°C. Cationic lipopolymers containing DOTAP or MCL were more efficient in complexing DNA than those containing SA. Moreover, lipopolymers containing DOTAP were found to form highly stable complexes with DNA, able to resist serum DNAses degradation. Furthermore, neither of the cationic lipopolymers (with or without DNA) induced red blood cell hemolysis, although metabolic activity determined on the L-929 and Vero cell lines was found to be dependent on the cell line, the formulation and the presence of DNA. The high stability and DNA protection capacity as well as the reduced toxicity determined for the cationic lipopolymer containing DOTAP highlight the potential advantage of using lipopolymers when designing novel non-viral carrier systems for use in in vivo gene therapy. Thus, this work represents the first steps toward developing a cationic lipopolymer-based gene delivery system using polymerizable and cationic lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Facundo Temprana
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas (LBM), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - M. Jimena Prieto
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas (LBM), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
- Grupo vinculado GBEyB, IMBICE, CICPBA, CCT, La Plata – CONICET
| | - Daniela E. Igartúa
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas (LBM), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
- Grupo vinculado GBEyB, IMBICE, CICPBA, CCT, La Plata – CONICET
| | - A. Lis Femia
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas (LBM), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - M. Silvia Amor
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas (LBM), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Silvia del Valle Alonso
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas (LBM), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
- Grupo vinculado GBEyB, IMBICE, CICPBA, CCT, La Plata – CONICET
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Nguyen MK, McMillan A, Huynh CT, Schapira DS, Alsberg E. Photocrosslinkable, biodegradable hydrogels with controlled cell adhesivity for prolonged siRNA delivery to hMSCs to enhance their osteogenic differentiation. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:485-495. [PMID: 28652917 PMCID: PMC5482539 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01739h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photocrosslinked, biodegradable hydrogels have been extensively investigated for biomedical applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering. Here, dextran (DEX) was chemically modified with mono(2-acryloyloxyethyl) succinate (MAES) via an esterification reaction, resulting in macromers that could be photocrosslinked to form hydrolytically degradable hydrogels. Hydrogel swelling ratio and degradation rate were controlled by varying the degree of MAES modification. Thiolated cell adhesion peptides (GRGDSPC) were conjugated to acrylated dextran via thiol-acrylate reaction to regulate the interactions of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with the photocrosslinkable hydrogels. The hydrogels permitted sustained release of short interfering RNA (siRNA) over 7 weeks and were cytocompatible with hMSCs. Sustained presentation of siRNA from these photocrosslinked DEX hydrogels enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated hMSCs. These DEX hydrogels with tunable siRNA delivery and cell adhesive properties may provide an excellent platform for bioactive molecule delivery and tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Khanh Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Alexandra McMillan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Cong Truc Huynh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Daniel S Schapira
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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Yang T, Fogarty B, LaForge B, Aziz S, Pham T, Lai L, Bai S. Delivery of Small Interfering RNA to Inhibit Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Zebrafish Using Natural Brain Endothelia Cell-Secreted Exosome Nanovesicles for the Treatment of Brain Cancer. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 19:475-486. [PMID: 27882487 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-0015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although small interfering RNA (siRNA) holds great therapeutic promise, its delivery to the disease site remains a paramount obstacle. In this study, we tested whether brain endothelial cell-derived exosomes could deliver siRNA across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in zebrafish. Natural exosomes were isolated from brain endothelial bEND.3 cell culture media and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) siRNA was loaded in exosomes with the assistance of a transfection reagent. While fluorescence-activated cell flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry staining studies indicated that wild-type exosomes significantly increased the uptake of fluorescence-labeled siRNA in the autologous brain endothelial cells, decreased fluorescence intensity was observed in the cells treated with the tetraspanin CD63 antibody-blocked exosome-delivered formulation (p < 0.05). In the transport study, exosomes also enhanced the permeability of rhodamine 123 in a co-cultured monolayer of brain endothelial bEND.3 cell and astrocyte. Inhibition at the expression of VEGF RNA and protein levels was observed in glioblastoma-astrocytoma U-87 MG cells treated with exosome-delivered siRNAs. Imaging results showed that exosome delivered more siRNAs across the BBB in Tg(fli1:GFP) zebrafish. In a xenotransplanted brain tumor model, exosome-delivered VEGF siRNAs decreased the fluorescence intensity of labeled cancer cells in the brain of zebrafish. Brain endothelial cell-derived exosomes could be potentially used as a natural carrier for the brain delivery of exogenous siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, Maine, 04401, USA
| | - Brittany Fogarty
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, Maine, 04401, USA
| | - Bret LaForge
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, Maine, 04401, USA
| | - Salma Aziz
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, Maine, 04401, USA
| | - Thuy Pham
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, Maine, 04401, USA
| | - Leanne Lai
- Department of Sociobehavioral and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 33328, USA
| | - Shuhua Bai
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, Maine, 04401, USA.
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11
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Effect of surface properties on liposomal siRNA delivery. Biomaterials 2015; 79:56-68. [PMID: 26695117 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are one of the most widely investigated carriers for siRNA delivery. The surface properties of liposomal carriers, including the surface charge, PEGylation, and ligand modification can significantly affect the gene silencing efficiency. Three barriers of systemic siRNA delivery (long blood circulation, efficient tumor penetration and efficient cellular uptake/endosomal escape) are analyzed on liposomal carriers with different surface charges, PEGylations and ligand modifications. Cationic formulations dominate siRNA delivery and neutral formulations also have good performance while anionic formulations are generally not proper for siRNA delivery. The PEG dilemma (prolonged blood circulation vs. reduced cellular uptake/endosomal escape) and the side effect of repeated PEGylated formulation (accelerated blood clearance) were discussed. Effects of ligand modification on cationic and neutral formulations were analyzed. Finally, we summarized the achievements in liposomal siRNA delivery, outlined existing problems and provided some future perspectives.
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12
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Exosome delivered anticancer drugs across the blood-brain barrier for brain cancer therapy in Danio rerio. Pharm Res 2015; 32:2003-14. [PMID: 25609010 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 675] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The blood-brain barrier (BBB) essentially restricts therapeutic drugs from entering into the brain. This study tests the hypothesis that brain endothelial cell derived exosomes can deliver anticancer drug across the BBB for the treatment of brain cancer in a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four types of exosomes were isolated from brain cell culture media and characterized by particle size, morphology, total protein, and transmembrane protein markers. Transport mechanism, cell uptake, and cytotoxicity of optimized exosome delivery system were tested. Brain distribution of exosome delivered anticancer drugs was evaluated using transgenic zebrafish TG (fli1: GFP) embryos and efficacies of optimized formations were examined in a xenotransplanted zebrafish model of brain cancer model. RESULTS Four exosomes in 30-100 diameters showed different morphologies and exosomes derived from brain endothelial cells expressed more CD63 tetraspanins transmembrane proteins. Optimized exosomes increased the uptake of fluorescent marker via receptor mediated endocytosis and cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs in cancer cells. Images of the zebrafish showed exosome delivered anticancer drugs crossed the BBB and entered into the brain. In the brain cancer model, exosome delivered anticancer drugs significantly decreased fluorescent intensity of xenotransplanted cancer cells and tumor growth marker. CONCLUSIONS Brain endothelial cell derived exosomes could be potentially used as a carrier for brain delivery of anticancer drug for the treatment of brain cancer.
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