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Ustianowski Ł, Udzik J, Szostak J, Gorący A, Ustianowska K, Pawlik A. Genetic and Epigenetic Factors in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16619. [PMID: 38068941 PMCID: PMC10706782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is the carbohydrate intolerance occurring during pregnancy. The risk factors of GDM include obesity, advanced maternal age, polycystic ovary syndrome, multigravidity, a sedentary lifestyle, and pre-existing hypertension. Additionally, complex genetic and epigenetic processes are also believed to play a crucial role in the development of GDM. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in gestational diabetes mellitus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Ustianowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.U.); (J.U.); (K.U.)
| | - Jakub Udzik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.U.); (J.U.); (K.U.)
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Szostak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Anna Gorący
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Klaudia Ustianowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.U.); (J.U.); (K.U.)
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.U.); (J.U.); (K.U.)
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Pei J, Wang B, Wang D. Current Studies on Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:1863429. [PMID: 36589630 PMCID: PMC9803571 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1863429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease that raises the risk of microvascular and neurological disorders. Insensitivity to insulin is a characteristic of type II diabetes, which accounts for 85-90 percent of all diabetic patients. The fundamental molecular factor of insulin resistance may be impaired cell signal transduction mediated by the insulin receptor (IR). Several cell-signaling proteins, including IR, insulin receptor substrate (IRS), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), have been recognized as being important in the impaired insulin signaling pathway since they are associated with a large number of proteins that are strictly regulated and interact with other signaling pathways. Many studies have found a correlation between IR alternative splicing, IRS gene polymorphism, the complicated regulatory function of IRS serine/threonine phosphorylation, and the negative regulatory role of p85 in insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. This review brings up-to-date knowledge of the roles of signaling proteins in insulin resistance in order to aid in the discovery of prospective targets for insulin resistance treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Pei
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Baochun Wang
- The First Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of the Ministry of Education of China, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
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Li F, Hu Y, Zeng J, Zheng L, Ye P, Wei D, Chen D. Analysis of risk factors related to gestational diabetes mellitus. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 59:718-722. [PMID: 32917324 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With the rapid rising prevalence, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has become one of the leading causes of maternal and child mortality and morbidity worldwide. The present study aimed to analyze GDM-related risk factors for early intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January to June 2018, a total of 250 pregnant women from Chengdu Second People's Hospital were enrolled in the study. According to the diagnostic criteria for GDM, they were assigned into GDM group (n = 48) and non-GDM group (n = 202). The clinical data and biochemical indicators were compared between GDM group and non-GDM group, and Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors of GDM. RESULTS GDM group was significantly higher than non-GDM group in the age, pregnancy times, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, history of diabetes mellitus in first-degree relatives, incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and the positive rate of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) (P < 0.05), whereas was conspicuously lower than non-GDM group in the education level above junior college (P < 0.05). The results of Logistic regression analysis revealed that the age [odds ratios (OR) = 1.125, 95% confidential interval (CI) = 1.019-1.241, P = 0.020], pre-pregnancy BMI (OR = 1.280, 95%CI = 1.118-1.466, P < 0.001), history of diabetes mellitus in first-degree relatives (OR = 4.938, 95%CI = 1.418-17.196, P = 0.012) and TPOAb (+) (OR = 4.849, 95%CI = 1.742-13.501, P = 0.003) were the risk factors of GDM. CONCLUSIONS Advanced age, pre-pregnancy BMI overweight, history of diabetes mellitus in first-degree relatives and TPOAb (+) are associated with an increased risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610017, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu 610017, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610017, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610017, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610017, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610017, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610017, Sichuan, China
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Liu S, Liu Y, Liao S. Heterogeneous impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus-related genetic variants on gestational glycemic traits: review and future research needs. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 294:811-847. [PMID: 30945019 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gestational glucose homeostasis influences mother's metabolic health, pregnancy outcomes, fetal development and offspring growth. To understand the genetic roles in pregnant glucose metabolism and genetic predisposition for gestational diabetes (GDM), we reviewed the recent literature up to Jan, 2018 and evaluated the influence of T2DM-related genetic variants on gestational glycemic traits and glucose tolerance. A total of 140 variants of 89 genes were integrated. Their associations with glycemic traits in and outside pregnancy were compared. The genetic circumstances underlying glucose metabolism exhibit a similarity between pregnant and non-pregnant populations. While, not all of the T2DM-associated genetic variants are related to pregnant glucose tolerance, such as genes involved in fasting insulin/C-peptide regulation. Some genetic variants may have distinct effects on gestational glucose homeostasis. And certain genes may be particularly involved in this process via specific mechanisms, such as HKDC1, MTNR1B, BACE2, genes encoding cell cycle regulators, adipocyte regulators, inflammatory factors and hepatic factors related to gestational glucose sensing and insulin signaling. However, it is currently difficult to evaluate these associations with quantitative synthesis due to inadequate data, different analytical methods, varied measurements for glycemic traits, controversies in diagnosis of GDM, and unknown ethnicity- and/or sex-related influences on pregnant maternal metabolism. In conclusion, different genetic associations with glycemic traits may exist between pregnant and non-pregnant conditions. Comprehensive research on specific genetic regulation in gestation is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- Diabetes Center and Transplantation Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Yihuanlu Xierduan 32#, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yunqiang Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Division of Morbid Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shunyao Liao
- Diabetes Center and Transplantation Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Yihuanlu Xierduan 32#, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Relationships of SLC2A4, RBP4, PCK1, and PI3K Gene Polymorphisms with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Chinese Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7398063. [PMID: 30805369 PMCID: PMC6363241 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7398063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Solute carrier family 2 member 4- (SLC2A4-) retinol binding protein-4- (RBP4-) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is an adipocyte derived “signalling pathway” that may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We explored whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of these “signalling pathway” genes are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods Case-control studies were conducted to compare GDM and control groups. A total of 334 cases and 367 controls were recruited. Seventeen candidate SNPs of the pathway were selected. Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and linear regression were used to estimate the relationships of SNPs with GDM risk and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels. Model-based multifactor dimensionality reduction was used to estimate the adjusted interactions between genes. Regression and interaction analyses were adjusted by maternal age, prepregnancy BMI, and weekly BMI growth. The Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons. Results RBP4 rs7091052 was significantly associated with GDM risk. SLC2A4 rs5435, RBP4 rs7091052, PCK1 rs1042531 and rs2236745, and PIK3R1 (coding gene of the PI3K P85 subunit) rs34309 were associated with OGTT, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR levels in the linear regression analysis. The gene-gene interaction analysis showed that, compared with pregnant women with other genotype combinations, women with SLC2A4 rs5435 (CC/CT), RBP4 rs7091052 (CC), PCK1 rs1042531 (TT/TG) and rs2236745 (TT), and PIK3R1 rs34309 (AA) had lower GDM risk. Conclusion SLC2A4, RBP4, PCK1, and PIK3R1 genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM.
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Chen Q, Yang H, Feng Y, Zhang P, Wu W, Li S, Thompson B, Wang X, Peng T, Wang F, Xie B, Guo P, Li M, Wang Y, Zhao N, Wang S, Zhang Y. SOS1 gene polymorphisms are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population: Results from a nested case-control study in Taiyuan, China. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2018; 15:158-161. [PMID: 29233017 DOI: 10.1177/1479164117745260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus is a growing public health concern due to its large disease burden; however, the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the relationship between 107 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in insulin signalling pathway genes and gestational diabetes mellitus risk using a nested case-control study. The SOS1 rs7598922 GA and AA genotype were statistically significantly associated with reduced gestational diabetes mellitus risk ( ptrend = 0.0006) compared with GG genotype. At the gene level, SOS1 was statistically significantly associated with gestational diabetes mellitus risk after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Moreover, AGGA and GGGG haplotypes in SOS1 gene were associated with reduced risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Our study provides evidence for an association between the SOS1 gene and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus; however, its role in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus will need to be verified by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- 2 Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hailan Yang
- 3 Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongliang Feng
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuzhen Li
- 4 Department of Information, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Brian Thompson
- 5 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- 6 Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan Railway Administration, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tingting Peng
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bingjie Xie
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Pengge Guo
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mei Li
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- 5 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Suping Wang
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- 5 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- 7 Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Xu T, Shi Y, Liu J, Liu Y, Zhu A, Xie C, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Ren L. The rs10229583 polymorphism near paired box gene 4 is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women. J Int Med Res 2017; 46:115-121. [PMID: 28730907 PMCID: PMC6011326 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517714934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The rs10229583 polymorphism near paired box gene 4 (PAX4) is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Mutations in the PAX4 gene may be associated with impaired differentiation/development of pancreatic islet beta cells during fetal development and, consequently, a compromised insulin response to high blood glucose. To ascertain whether this polymorphism plays a role in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), we investigated the genotypic and allele frequency differences between GDM and normal pregnancies. Methods A total of 310 GDM and 440 normal pregnancies were evaluated. Allele and genotype frequencies of rs10229583 were determined for all participants with Sanger sequencing and SNaPshot. Association of the allele and genotypes of the single nucleotide polymorphism with the disease was analyzed using Pearson’s χ2 test and OR (odds ratio). Results The G allele was more frequent in patients with GDM compared with controls (OR = 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–1.939). The GG genotype frequency of rs10229583 was significantly different between subjects with GDM and normal controls (OR = 1.411, 95% CI: 1.032–1.928). The OR of the GA + GG genotype was 3.182 (95% CI: 1.294–7.826) for patients with GDM compared with controls. Conclusion The present study suggests that rs10229583 is associated with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Xu
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Shi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangbo Liu
- 2 Department of Dermatology, Bao'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Liu
- 3 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Bao'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ailin Zhu
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Xie
- 3 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Bao'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- 3 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Bao'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Chen
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lirong Ren
- 3 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Bao'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
Despite the increasing epidemic of diabetes mellitus affecting populations at different life stages, the global burden of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is not well assessed. Systematically synthesized data on global prevalence estimates of GDM are lacking, particularly among developing countries. The hyperglycemic intrauterine environment as exemplified in pregnancies complicated by GDM might not only reflect but also fuel the epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We comprehensively reviewed available data in the past decade in an attempt to estimate the contemporary global prevalence of GDM by country and region. We reviewed the risk of progression from GDM to T2DM as well. Synthesized data demonstrate wide variations in both prevalence estimates of GDM and the risk of progression from GDM to T2DM. Direct comparisons of GDM burden across countries or regions are challenging given the great heterogeneity in screening approaches, diagnostic criteria, and underlying population characteristics. In this regard, collaborative efforts to estimate global GDM prevalence would be a large but important leap forward. Such efforts may have substantial public health implications in terms of informing health policy makers and healthcare providers for disease burden and for developing more targeted and effective diabetes prevention and management strategies globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyi Zhu
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, 6100 Executive Blvd, Room 7B03G, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, 6100 Executive Blvd, Room 7B03G, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
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