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Shamsabadi R, Baghani HR. Impact of gadolinium concentration and cell oxygen levels on radiobiological characteristics of gadolinium neutron capture therapy technique in brain tumor treatment. Radiol Phys Technol 2024; 17:135-142. [PMID: 37989987 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-023-00758-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Neutron capture therapy (NCT) with various concentrations of gadolinium (157Gd) is one of the treatment modalities for glioblastoma (GBM) tumors. Current study aims to evaluate how variations of 157Gd concentration and cell oxygen levels can affect the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of gadolinium neutron capture therapy (GdNCT) technique through a hybrid Monte Carlo (MC) simulation approach. At first, Snyder phantom including a spherical tumor was simulated by Geant4 MC code and relevant energy electron spectra to different 157Gd concentrations including 100, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm were calculated following the neutron irradiation of simulated phantom. Scored energy electron spectra were then imported to Monte Carlo damage simulation (MCDS) code to estimate RBE values (both RBESSB and RBEDSB) at different gadolinium concentrations and oxygen levels from 10 to 100%. The results indicate that variations of 157Gd can affect the energy spectrum of released secondary electrons including Auger electrons. Variation of gadolinium concentration from 100 to 1000 ppm in tumor region can change RBESSB and RBEDSB values by about 0.1% and 0.5%, respectively. Besides, maximum variations of 4.3% and 2% were calculated for RBEDSB and RBESSB when cell oxygen level changed from 10 to 100%. From the results, variations of considered gadolinium and oxygen concentrations during GdNCT can influence RBE values. Nevertheless, due to the not remarkable changes in the intensity of Auger electrons, a slight difference in RBE values would be expected at various 157Gd concentrations, although considerable RBE changes were calculated relevant to the oxygen alternations inside tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shamsabadi
- Physics Department, Hakim Sabzevari University, Daneshgah Blvd, P.O. 9617976487, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Baghani
- Physics Department, Hakim Sabzevari University, Daneshgah Blvd, P.O. 9617976487, Sabzevar, Iran.
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Kanygin V, Zaboronok A, Kichigin A, Petrova E, Guselnikova T, Kozlov A, Lukichev D, Mathis BJ, Taskaev S. Gadolinium Neutron Capture Therapy for Cats and Dogs with Spontaneous Tumors Using Gd-DTPA. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040274. [PMID: 37104429 PMCID: PMC10142813 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a clinical veterinary study on neutron capture therapy (NCT) at a neutron-producing accelerator with seven incurable pets with spontaneous tumors and gadolinium as a neutron capture agent (gadolinium neutron capture therapy, or GdNCT). Gadolinium-containing dimeglumine gadopentetate, or Gd-DTPA (Magnevist®, 0.6 mL/kg b.w.), was used. We observed mild and reversible toxicity related to the treatment. However, no significant tumor regression in response to the treatment was observed. In most cases, there was continued tumor growth. Overall clinical improvement after treatment was only temporary. The use of Gd-DTPA for NCT had no significant effects on the life expectancy and quality of life of animals with spontaneous tumors. Further experiments using more advanced gadolinium compounds are needed to improve the effect of GdNCT so that it can become an alternative to boron neutron capture therapy. Such studies are also necessary for further NCT implementation in clinical practice as well as in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kanygin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, ave. Lavrentiev, 11, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Innovative Medicine, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Zaboronok
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Aleksandr Kichigin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, ave. Lavrentiev, 11, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Innovative Medicine, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Petrova
- Veterinary Clinic “Best”, Frunze str., 57, 630005 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana Guselnikova
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Innovative Medicine, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, ave. Lavrentiev, 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey Kozlov
- Clinical Hospital “Avicenna”, Uritskogo str., 2, 630007 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Lukichev
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Innovative Medicine, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Bryan J. Mathis
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Amakubo 2-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8576, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sergey Taskaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, ave. Lavrentiev, 11, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Innovative Medicine, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Russ E, Davis CM, Slaven JE, Bradfield DT, Selwyn RG, Day RM. Comparison of the Medical Uses and Cellular Effects of High and Low Linear Energy Transfer Radiation. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10100628. [PMID: 36287908 PMCID: PMC9609561 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation can occur during medical treatments, from naturally occurring sources in the environment, or as the result of a nuclear accident or thermonuclear war. The severity of cellular damage from ionizing radiation exposure is dependent upon a number of factors including the absorbed radiation dose of the exposure (energy absorbed per unit mass of the exposure), dose rate, area and volume of tissue exposed, type of radiation (e.g., X-rays, high-energy gamma rays, protons, or neutrons) and linear energy transfer. While the dose, the dose rate, and dose distribution in tissue are aspects of a radiation exposure that can be varied experimentally or in medical treatments, the LET and eV are inherent characteristics of the type of radiation. High-LET radiation deposits a higher concentration of energy in a shorter distance when traversing tissue compared with low-LET radiation. The different biological effects of high and low LET with similar energies have been documented in vivo in animal models and in cultured cells. High-LET results in intense macromolecular damage and more cell death. Findings indicate that while both low- and high-LET radiation activate non-homologous end-joining DNA repair activity, efficient repair of high-LET radiation requires the homologous recombination repair pathway. Low- and high-LET radiation activate p53 transcription factor activity in most cells, but high LET activates NF-kB transcription factor at lower radiation doses than low-LET radiation. Here we review the development, uses, and current understanding of the cellular effects of low- and high-LET radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Russ
- Graduate Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Catherine M. Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - John E. Slaven
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Dmitry T. Bradfield
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Reed G. Selwyn
- Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Regina M. Day
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Correspondence:
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Hsia TC, Peng SF, Chueh FS, Lu KW, Yang JL, Huang AC, Hsu FT, Wu RSC. Bisdemethoxycurcumin Induces Cell Apoptosis and Inhibits Human Brain Glioblastoma GBM 8401/ Luc2 Cell Xenograft Tumor in Subcutaneous Nude Mice In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010538. [PMID: 35008959 PMCID: PMC8745075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) has biological activities, including anticancer effects in vitro; however, its anticancer effects in human glioblastoma (GBM) cells have not been examined yet. This study aimed to evaluate the tumor inhibitory effect and molecular mechanism of BDMC on human GBM 8401/luc2 cells in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies have shown that BDMC significantly reduced cell viability and induced cell apoptosis in GBM 8401/luc2 cells. Furthermore, BDMC induced apoptosis via inhibited Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein) and increased Bax (pro-apoptotic proteins) and cytochrome c release in GBM 8401/luc2 cells in vitro. Then, twelve BALB/c-nude mice were xenografted with human glioblastoma GBM 8401/luc2 cancer cells subcutaneously, and the xenograft nude mice were treated without and with BDMC (30 and 60 mg/kg of BDMC treatment) every 3 days. GBM 8401/luc2 cell xenografts experiment showed that the growth of the tumors was significantly suppressed by BDMC administration at both doses based on the reduction of tumor size and weights. BDMC did not change the body weight and the H&E histopathology analysis of liver samples, indicating that BDMC did not induce systemic toxicity. Meanwhile, treatment with BDMC up-regulated the expressions of BAX and cleaved caspase-3, while it down-regulated the protein expressions of Bcl-2 and XIAP in the tumor tissues compared with the control group. This study has demonstrated that BDMC presents potent anticancer activity on the human glioblastoma GBM 8401/luc2 cell xenograft model by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and shows the potential for further development to the anti-GBM cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chun Hsia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Kung-Wen Lu
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan;
| | - Jiun-Long Yang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary’s Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan 266, Taiwan; (J.-L.Y.); (A.-C.H.)
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary’s Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan 266, Taiwan; (J.-L.Y.); (A.-C.H.)
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.-T.H.); (R.S.-C.W.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2532) (F.-T.H.); +886-4-2205-2121 (ext. 5242) (R.S.-C.W.); Fax: +886-4-2205-3764 (F.-T.H.); +886-4-2205-2121 (ext. 5237) (R.S.-C.W.)
| | - Rick Sai-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.-T.H.); (R.S.-C.W.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2532) (F.-T.H.); +886-4-2205-2121 (ext. 5242) (R.S.-C.W.); Fax: +886-4-2205-3764 (F.-T.H.); +886-4-2205-2121 (ext. 5237) (R.S.-C.W.)
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Yasui LS, Duran M, Andorf C, Kroc T, Owens K, Allen-Durdan K, Schuck A, Grayburn S, Becker R. Autophagic flux in glioblastoma cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:665-678. [PMID: 26967573 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1150617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To establish metabolic context for radiation sensitivity by measuring autophagic flux in two different glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines. Clonogenic survival curve analysis of U87 or U251 cells exposed to γ radiation, fast neutrons, a mixed energy neutron beam (METNB) or Auger electrons from a gadolinium neutron capture (GdNC) reaction suggested other factors, beyond a defective DNA damage response, contribute to cell death of U251 cells. Altered tumor metabolism (autophagy) was hypothesized as a factor in U251 cells' clonogenic response. Each of the four different radiation modalities induced an increase in the number of autophagosomes in both U87 and U251 cells. Changes in the number of autophagosomes can be explained by either induction of autophagy or alterations in autophagic flux so autophagic flux was assayed by p62 immunoblotting or in engineered GBM cells that stably express an autophagy marker protein, LC3B-eGFP-mCherry. Perturbations in later stages of autophagy in U251 cells corresponded with radiation sensitivity of U251 cells irradiated with 10 Gy γ rays. Establishment of altered autophagic flux is a useful biomarker for metabolic stress and provided metabolic context for radiation sensitization to 10 Gy γ rays. These results provide strong evidence for the usefulness of managing tumor cell metabolism as a tool for the enhancement of radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Yasui
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL
| | - Maria Duran
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL
| | - Christine Andorf
- b Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , Neutron Irradiation Facility , Batavia , IL , USA
| | - Thomas Kroc
- b Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , Neutron Irradiation Facility , Batavia , IL , USA
| | - Kathryn Owens
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL
| | - Kelsie Allen-Durdan
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL
| | - Andrew Schuck
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL
| | - Scott Grayburn
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL
| | - Richard Becker
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL
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Dewi N, Mi P, Yanagie H, Sakurai Y, Morishita Y, Yanagawa M, Nakagawa T, Shinohara A, Matsukawa T, Yokoyama K, Cabral H, Suzuki M, Sakurai Y, Tanaka H, Ono K, Nishiyama N, Kataoka K, Takahashi H. In vivo evaluation of neutron capture therapy effectivity using calcium phosphate-based nanoparticles as Gd-DTPA delivery agent. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:767-75. [PMID: 26650198 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A more immediate impact for therapeutic approaches of current clinical research efforts is of major interest, which might be obtained by developing a noninvasive radiation dose-escalation strategy, and neutron capture therapy represents one such novel approach. Furthermore, some recent researches on neutron capture therapy have focused on using gadolinium as an alternative or complementary for currently used boron, taking into account several advantages that gadolinium offers. Therefore, in this study, we carried out feasibility evaluation for both single and multiple injections of gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent incorporated in calcium phosphate nanoparticles as neutron capture therapy agent. METHODS In vivo evaluation was performed on colon carcinoma Col-26 tumor-bearing mice irradiated at nuclear reactor facility of Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute with average neutron fluence of 1.8 × 10(12) n/cm(2). Antitumor effectivity was evaluated based on tumor growth suppression assessed until 27 days after neutron irradiation, followed by histopathological analysis on tumor slice. RESULTS The experimental results showed that the tumor growth of irradiated mice injected beforehand with Gd-DTPA-incorporating calcium phosphate-based nanoparticles was suppressed up to four times higher compared to the non-treated group, supported by the results of histopathological analysis. CONCLUSION The results of antitumor effectivity observed on tumor-bearing mice after neutron irradiation indicated possible effectivity of gadolinium-based neutron capture therapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novriana Dewi
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Peng Mi
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industry Promotion, 66-20 Horikawa-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, 212-0013, Japan.,Polymer Chemistry Division, Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-11, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hironobu Yanagie
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan. .,Cooperative Unit of Medicine and Engineering, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan. .,Department of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics: Alpha Particle and Immunotherapeutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Yuriko Sakurai
- Cooperative Unit of Medicine and Engineering, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Morishita
- Department of Human and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagawa
- Department of Applied Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2 Sen-11 Inadacho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-0834, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Atsuko Shinohara
- Department of Humanities, Graduate School of Seisen University, 3-16-21 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-8642, Japan
| | - Takehisa Matsukawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Yokoyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Asahiro nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sakurai
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Asahiro nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Asahiro nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Koji Ono
- Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Asahiro nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nishiyama
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industry Promotion, 66-20 Horikawa-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, 212-0013, Japan.,Polymer Chemistry Division, Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-11, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industry Promotion, 66-20 Horikawa-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, 212-0013, Japan.,Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Cooperative Unit of Medicine and Engineering, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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Tang JY, Chang HW, Chang JG. Modulating roles of amiloride in irradiation-induced antiproliferative effects in glioblastoma multiforme cells involving Akt phosphorylation and the alternative splicing of apoptotic genes. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:504-10. [PMID: 23822711 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a key mechanism for enhanced cellular radiosensitivity in radiation therapy. Studies suggest that Akt signaling may play a role in apoptosis and radioresistance. This study evaluates the possible modulating role of amiloride, an antihypertensive agent with a modulating effect to alternative splicing for regulating apoptosis, in the antiproliferative effects induced by ionizing radiation (IR) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) 8401 cells. Analysis of cell viability showed that amiloride treatment significantly inhibited cell proliferation in irradiated GBM8401 cells (p<0.05) in a time-dependent manner, especially in cells treated with amiloride with IR post-treatment. In comparison with GBM8401 cells treated with amiloride alone, with GBM8401 cells treated with IR alone, and with human embryonic lung fibroblast control cells (HEL 299), GBM8401 cells treated with IR combined with amiloride showed increased overexpression of phosphorylated Akt, regardless of whether IR treatment was performed before or after amiloride administration. The alternative splicing pattern of apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (APAF1) in cells treated with amiloride alone, IR alone, and combined amiloride-IR treatments showed more consistent cell proliferation compared to that in other apoptosis-related genes such as baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5 (BIRC5), Bcl-X, and homeodomain interacting protein kinase-3 (HIPK3). In GBM8401 cells treated with amiloride with IR post-treatment, the ratio of prosurvival (-XL,-LC) to proapoptotic (-LN,-S) splice variants of APAF1 was lower than that seen in cells treated with amiloride with IR pretreatment, suggesting that proapoptotic splice variants of APAF1 (APAF1-LN,-S) were higher in the glioblastoma cells treated with amiloride with IR post-treatment, as compared to glioblastoma cells and fibroblast control cells that had received other treatments. Together, these results suggest that amiloride modulates cell radiosensitivity involving the Akt phosphorylation and the alternative splicing of APAF1, especially for the cells treated with amiloride with IR post-treatment. Therefore, amiloride may improve the effectiveness of radiation therapy for GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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