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Riego ML, Meher PK, Brzozowska B, Akuwudike P, Bucher M, Oestreicher U, Lundholm L, Wojcik A. Chromosomal damage, gene expression and alternative transcription in human lymphocytes exposed to mixed ionizing radiation as encountered in space. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11502. [PMID: 38769353 PMCID: PMC11106305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Astronauts travelling in space will be exposed to mixed beams of particle radiation and photons. Exposure limits that correspond to defined cancer risk are calculated by multiplying absorbed doses by a radiation-type specific quality factor that reflects the biological effectiveness of the particle without considering possible interaction with photons. We have shown previously that alpha radiation and X-rays may interact resulting in synergistic DNA damage responses in human peripheral blood lymphocytes but the level of intra-individual variability was high. In order to assess the variability and validate the synergism, blood from two male donors was drawn at 9 time points during 3 seasons of the year and exposed to 0-2 Gy of X-rays, alpha particles or 1:1 mixture of both (half the dose each). DNA damage response was quantified by chromosomal aberrations and by mRNA levels of 3 radiation-responsive genes FDXR, CDKN1A and MDM2 measured 24 h post exposure. The quality of response in terms of differential expression of alternative transcripts was assessed by using two primer pairs per gene. A consistently higher than expected effect of mixed beams was found in both donors for chromosomal aberrations and gene expression with some seasonal variability for the latter. No synergy was detected for alternative transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagrosa López Riego
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Prabodha Kumar Meher
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beata Brzozowska
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pamela Akuwudike
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Bucher
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | | | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
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Beinke C, Port M, Scherthan H. Postirradiation temperature influences DSB repair and dicentric chromosome formation-potential impact for dicentric chromosome analysis in interlaboratory comparisons. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:1485-1494. [PMID: 37721069 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the influence of different pre-storage temperatures in the dicentric chromosome analysis (DCA) protocol (22°C vs. 37°C) by using γ-H2AX + 53BP1 foci as a marker for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) double-strand break (DSB) damage induction and repair and the formation of dicentric chromosomes as a result of mis-repair. Repair of γ-H2AX + 53BP1 DSB foci was absent in samples that were incubated for 2 h at 22°C after exposure of 0.5 and 1.2 Gy. When 0.5- and 1.2-Gy-exposed samples were incubated at 37°C for 2 h, there was an average decline of 31 and 52% of DSB foci, respectively. This indicated that DNA repair occurred. There was a 27% decrease in dicentric chromosome yield at 1.2 Gy and a 15% decrease at 3.5 Gy after post-irradiation incubation for 2 h at 37°C relative to the observed dicentric frequencies at 22°C. Recommended to re-phase: our data suggested that there were more open DSBs after a 2-h incubation at 22°C, which contributed to more mis-repair and dicentric formation from the start of culture. Our findings are corroborated by publications showing that lesion interaction based on enzymatic activity is suppressed below 21°C. As such temperature variations can be a source of variation in DCA during interlaboratory comparison studies, we propose to establish a common guide for the standardisation of pre-culture conditions in cytogenetic dosimetry proficiency testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Beinke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstr.11, D-80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstr.11, D-80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstr.11, D-80937 Munich, Germany
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López JS, Pujol-Canadell M, Puig P, Armengol G, Barquinero JF. Evaluation of γ-H2AX foci distribution among different peripheral blood mononucleated cell subtypes. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1550-1558. [PMID: 36862979 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2187480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The detection of γ-H2AX foci in peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs) has been incorporated as an early assay for biological dosimetry. However, overdispersion in the γ-H2AX foci distribution is generally reported. In a previous study from our group, it was suggested that overdispersion could be caused by the fact that when evaluating PBMCs, different cell subtypes are analyzed, and that these could differ in their radiosensitivity. This would cause a mixture of different frequencies that would result in the overdispersion observed. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate both the possible differences in the radiosensitivities of the different cell subtypes present in the PBMCs and to evaluate the distribution of γ-H2AX foci in each cell subtype. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood samples from three healthy donors were obtained and total PBMCs, and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, and CD56+ cells were separated. Cells were irradiated with 1 and 2 Gy and incubated at 37 °C for 1, 2, 4, and 24 h. Sham-irradiated cells were also analyzed. γ-H2AX foci were detected after immunofluorescence staining and analyzed automatically using a Metafer Scanning System. For each condition, 250 nuclei were considered. RESULTS When the results from each donor were compared, no observable significant differences between donors were observed. When the different cell subtypes were compared, CD8+ cells showed the highest mean of γ-H2AX foci in all post-irradiation time points. The cell type that showed the lowest γ-H2AX foci frequency was CD56+. The frequencies observed in CD4+ and CD19+ cells fluctuated between CD8+ and CD56+ without any clear pattern. For all cell types evaluated, and at all post-irradiation times, overdispersion in γ-H2AX foci distribution was significant. Independent of the cell type evaluated the value of the variance was four times greater than that of the mean. CONCLUSION Although different PBMC subsets studied showed different radiation sensitivity, these differences did not explain the overdispersion observed in the γ-H2AX foci distribution after exposure to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S López
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mònica Pujol-Canadell
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pedro Puig
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Francesc Barquinero
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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Płódowska M, Krakowiak W, Węgierek-Ciuk A, Lankoff A, Szary K, Lis K, Wojcik A, Lisowska H. Hypothermia differentially modulates the formation and decay of NBS1, γH2AX and 53BP1 foci in U2OS cells exposed to gamma radiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5878. [PMID: 35393518 PMCID: PMC8989987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In studies on the mechanism of DNA damage response where ionizing radiation is used as the DNA damaging agent, cells are often exposed to ionizing radiation on melting ice (corresponding to 0.8 °C). The purpose of this procedure is to inhibit cellular processes i.e. DNA repair. Low temperature at exposure has been shown to act in a radioprotective manner at the level of cytogenetic damage, but its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of hypothermia at the level of formation and decay of NBS1, γH2AX, and 53BP1 foci, micronuclei, survival, cell cycle progression and oxidative stress in U2OS cells. The results show that hypothermia alone induced oxidative stress and foci. When applied in combination with radiation but only during the exposure time, it potentiated the formation of γH2AX and 53BP1 but not of NBS1 foci. When applied during irradiation and subsequent repair time, 53BP1 and NBS1 foci formed and decayed, but the levels were markedly lower than when repair was carried out at 37 °C. The frequency of micronuclei was elevated in cells irradiated at 0.8 °C, but only when analysed 20 h after irradiation which is likely due to a reduced G2 cell cycle block. Hypothermia reduced cell survival, both with and without radiation exposure. The temperature effect should be considered when cooling cells on melting ice to inhibit DNA repair in the induction of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Płódowska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
| | - Wiktoria Krakowiak
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Aneta Węgierek-Ciuk
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Anna Lankoff
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.,Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Szary
- Department of Atomic Physics and Nanophysics, Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lis
- Department of Medical Physics, Holy Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.,Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Halina Lisowska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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H2A.X Phosphorylation in Oxidative Stress and Risk Assessment in Plasma Medicine. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2060986. [PMID: 34938381 PMCID: PMC8687853 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2060986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
At serine139-phosphorylated gamma histone H2A.X (γH2A.X) has been established over the decades as sensitive evidence of radiation-induced DNA damage, especially DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in radiation biology. Therefore, γH2A.X has been considered a suitable marker for biomedical applications and a general indicator of direct DNA damage with other therapeutic agents, such as cold physical plasma. Medical plasma technology generates a partially ionized gas releasing a plethora of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS) simultaneously that have been used for therapeutic purposes such as wound healing and cancer treatment. The quantification of γH2A.X as a surrogate parameter of direct DNA damage has often been used to assess genotoxicity in plasma-treated cells, whereas no sustainable mutagenic potential of the medical plasma treatment could be identified despite H2A.X phosphorylation. However, phosphorylated H2A.X occurs during apoptosis, which is associated with exposure to cold plasma and ROS. This review summarizes the current understanding of γH2A.X induction and function in oxidative stress in general and plasma medicine in particular. Due to the progress towards understanding the mechanisms of H2A.X phosphorylation in the absence of DSB and ROS, observations of γH2A.X in medical fields should be carefully interpreted.
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López JS, Pujol-Canadell M, Puig P, Ribas M, Carrasco P, Armengol G, Barquinero JF. Establishment and validation of surface model for biodosimetry based on γ-H2AX foci detection. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:1-10. [PMID: 34705602 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.1998706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the event of a radiation accident detecting γ-H2AX foci is being accepted as fast method for triage and dose assessment. However, due to their disappearance kinetics, published calibrations have been constructed at specific post-irradiation times. OBJECTIVES To develop a surface, or tridimensional, model to estimate doses at times not included in the calibration analysis, and to validate it. MATERIALS AND METHODS Calibration data was obtained irradiating peripheral mononucleated cells from one donor with radiation doses ranging from 0 to 3 Gy, and γ -H2AX foci were detected microscopically using a semi-automatic method, at different post-irradiation times from 0.5 to 24 h. For validation, in addition to the above-mentioned donor, blood samples from another donor were also used. Validation was done within the range of doses and post-irradiation times used in the calibration. RESULTS The calibration data clearly shows that at each analyzed time, the γ-H2AX foci frequency increases as dose increases, and for each dose this frequency decreases with post-irradiation time. The γ-H2AX foci nucleus distribution was clearly overdispersed, for this reason to obtain bidimensional and tridimensional dose-effect relationships no probability distribution was assumed, and linear and non-linear least squares weighted regression was used. In the two validation exercises for most evaluated samples, the 95% confidence limits of the estimated dose were between ±0.5 Gy of the real dose. No major differences were observed between donors. CONCLUSION In case of a suspected overexposure to radiation, the surface model here presented allows a correct dose estimation using γ-H2AX foci as biomarker. The advantage of this surface model is that it can be used at any post-irradiation time, in our model between 0.5 and 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S López
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mònica Pujol-Canadell
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pedro Puig
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ribas
- Servei de Radiofísica i Radioprotecció, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Carrasco
- Servei de Radiofísica i Radioprotecció, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joan F Barquinero
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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The Effect of Low Temperatures on Environmental Radiation Damage in Living Systems: Does Hypothermia Show Promise for Space Travel? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176349. [PMID: 32882991 PMCID: PMC7504535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-temperature treatments (i.e., hypothermia) may be one way of regulating environmental radiation damage in living systems. With this in mind, hibernation under hypothermic conditions has been proposed as a useful approach for long-term human space flight. However, the underlying mechanisms of hypothermia-induced radioresistance are as yet undetermined, and the conventional risk assessment of radiation exposure during hibernation remains insufficient for estimating the effects of chronic exposure to galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). To promote scientific discussions on the application of hibernation in space travel, this literature review provides an overview of the progress to date in the interdisciplinary research field of radiation biology and hypothermia and addresses possible issues related to hypothermic treatments as countermeasures against GCRs. At present, there are concerns about the potential effects of chronic radiation exposure on neurological disorders, carcinogenesis, ischemia heat failures, and infertility in astronauts; these require further study. These concerns may be resolved by comparing and integrating data gleaned from experimental and epidemiological studies.
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Einbeck J, Ainsbury EA, Sales R, Barnard S, Kaestle F, Higueras M. A statistical framework for radiation dose estimation with uncertainty quantification from the γ-H2AX assay. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207464. [PMID: 30485322 PMCID: PMC6261578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the γ–H2AX focus assay, which exploits the phosphorylation of the H2AX histone following DNA double–strand–breaks, has made considerable progress towards acceptance as a reliable biomarker for exposure to ionizing radiation. While the existing literature has convincingly demonstrated a dose–response effect, and also presented approaches to dose estimation based on appropriately defined calibration curves, a more widespread practical use is still hampered by a certain lack of discussion and agreement on the specific dose–response modelling and uncertainty quantification strategies, as well as by the unavailability of implementations. This manuscript intends to fill these gaps, by stating explicitly the statistical models and techniques required for calibration curve estimation and subsequent dose estimation. Accompanying this article, a web applet has been produced which implements the discussed methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Einbeck
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Elizabeth A. Ainsbury
- Public Health England, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Sales
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Barnard
- Public Health England, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Kaestle
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Fachbereich Strahlenschutz und Gesundheit, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Manuel Higueras
- Departamento de Matemáticas y Computación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
- Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
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Depuydt J, Viaene T, Blondeel P, Roche N, Van den Broecke R, Thierens H, Vral A. DNA double strand breaks induced by low dose mammography X-rays in breast tissue: A pilot study. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3394-3400. [PMID: 30127940 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast tissue is very sensitive to ionizing radiation due to the presence of reproductive hormones, including estrogen. In the present pilot study, the efficiency of mammography X-rays to induce DNA double strand breaks (DSB) in mammary epithelial cells was investigated. For this, freshly resected healthy breast tissue was irradiated with 30 kV mammography X-rays in the dose range 0-500 mGy (2, 4, 10, 20, 40, 100 and 500 mGy). Breast specimens were also irradiated with identical doses of 60Co γ-rays as a radiation quality standard. With the γH2AX-foci assay, the number of DNA DSB induced by radiation were quantified in the mammary epithelial cells present in breast tissue. Results indicated that foci induced by 30 kV X-rays and γ-rays followed a biphasic linear dose-response. For 30 kV X-rays, the slope in the low dose region (0-20 mGy) was 8.71 times steeper compared with the slope in the higher dose region (20-500 mGy). Furthermore, compared with γ-rays, 30 kV X-rays were also more effective in inducing γH2AX-foci. This resulted in a relative biological effectiveness (RBE) value of 1.82 in the low dose range. In the higher dose range, an RBE close to 1 was obtained. In conclusion, the results indicated the existence of a low dose hypersensitive response for DSB induction in the dose range representative for mammography screening, which is probably caused by the bystander effect. This could affect the radiation risk calculations for women participating in mammography screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Depuydt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tanguy Viaene
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Nathalie Roche
- Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Hubert Thierens
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Vral
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Lisowska H, Cheng L, Sollazzo A, Lundholm L, Wegierek-Ciuk A, Sommer S, Lankoff A, Wojcik A. Hypothermia modulates the DNA damage response to ionizing radiation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:551-557. [PMID: 29668347 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1466206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low temperature at exposure has been shown to act in a radioprotective manner at the level of cytogenetic damage. It was suggested to be due to an effective transformation of DNA damage to chromosomal damage at low temperature. The purpose of the study was to analyze the kinetics of aberration formation during the first hours after exposing human peripheral blood lymphocytes to ionizing radiation at 0.8 °C and 37 °C. MATERIALS AND METHODS To this end, we applied the technique of premature chromosome condensation. In addition, DNA damage response was analyzed by measuring the levels of phosphorylated DNA damage responsive proteins ATM, DNA-PK and p53 and mRNA levels of the radiation-responsive genes BBC3, FDXR, GADD45A, XPC, MDM2 and CDKN1A. RESULTS A consistently lower frequency of chromosomal breaks was observed in cells exposed at 0.8 °C as compared to 37 °C already after 30 minutes postexposure. This effect was accompanied by elevated levels of phosphorylated ATM and DNA-PK proteins and a reduced immediate level of phosphorylated p53 and of the responsive genes. CONCLUSIONS Low temperature at exposure appears to promote DNA repair leading to reduced transformation of DNA damage to chromosomal aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Lisowska
- a Department of Radiobiology and Immunology , Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland
| | - Lei Cheng
- b Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Alice Sollazzo
- b Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- b Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Aneta Wegierek-Ciuk
- a Department of Radiobiology and Immunology , Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland
| | - Sylwester Sommer
- c Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Anna Lankoff
- a Department of Radiobiology and Immunology , Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland.,c Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- a Department of Radiobiology and Immunology , Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland.,b Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
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Manivannan B, Kuppusamy T, Venkatesan S, Perumal V. A comparison of estimates of doses to radiotherapy patients obtained with the dicentric chromosome analysis and the γ-H2AX assay: Relevance to radiation triage. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 131:1-7. [PMID: 29080427 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The γ-H2AX assay was investigated as an alternative to the time-consuming dicentric chromosome assay (DCA). Radiation doses to 25 radiotherapy patients were estimated in parallel by DCA and the γ-H2AX assay. The γ-H2AX assay yielded doses in line with the calculated equivalent whole body doses in 92% of the patients, whereas the success rate of DCA was only 76%. The result shows that the γ-H2AX assay can be effectively used as a rapid and more precise alternative to DCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani Manivannan
- Department of Human Genetics, College of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Thayalan Kuppusamy
- Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital Pvt. Ltd., Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Srinivasan Venkatesan
- Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital Pvt. Ltd., Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Venkatachalam Perumal
- Department of Human Genetics, College of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India.
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DNA double-strand breaks and micronuclei in human blood lymphocytes after repeated whole body exposures to 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Neuroimage 2016; 133:288-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Modulation of radiation-induced cytogenetic damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by hypothermia. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 793:96-100. [PMID: 26520378 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies have shown that low temperature (hypothermia) at exposure can act in a radio-protective manner at the level of cytogenetic damage. The mechanisms of this phenomenon are not understood, but it was suggested to be due to hypothermia-induced perturbations of the cell cycle. The purpose of the present study was to detect whether a reduced frequency of micronuclei is observed in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) irradiated at low temperature and harvested sequentially at 3 time points. Additionally, the level of apoptosis was estimated by microscopic analysis of the MN slides. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments were carried out with blood drawn from three donors at the Stockholm University and from three donors at the Jan Kochanowski University. Prior to irradiation, blood samples were incubated for 20min and irradiated at the respective temperature (0°C and 37°C) with gamma rays. Whole blood cultures were set up, cytochalasin B was added after 44h of irradiation and the samples were harvested after 72, 96 and 120h of incubation time. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The frequency of micronuclei was markedly lower in PBL harvested at 72h, 96h and 120h following irradiation at 0°C as compared to 37°C. This indicates that the temperature effect observed in peripheral blood lymphocytes after irradiation is not related to a temporary perturbation of the cell cycle. Also, it is not due to selective elimination of damaged cells by apoptosis.
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Beyreuther E, Karsch L, Laschinsky L, Leßmann E, Naumburger D, Oppelt M, Richter C, Schürer M, Woithe J, Pawelke J. Radiobiological response to ultra-short pulsed megavoltage electron beams of ultra-high pulse dose rate. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:643-52. [PMID: 25968557 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1043755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In line with the long-term aim of establishing the laser-based particle acceleration for future medical application, the radiobiological consequences of the typical ultra-short pulses and ultra-high pulse dose rate can be investigated with electron delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS The radiation source ELBE (Electron Linac for beams with high Brilliance and low Emittance) was used to mimic the quasi-continuous electron beam of a clinical linear accelerator (LINAC) for comparison with electron pulses at the ultra-high pulse dose rate of 10(10) Gy min(-1) either at the low frequency of a laser accelerator or at 13 MHz avoiding effects of prolonged dose delivery. The impact of pulse structure was analyzed by clonogenic survival assay and by the number of residual DNA double-strand breaks remaining 24 h after irradiation of two human squamous cell carcinoma lines of differing radiosensitivity. RESULTS The radiation response of both cell lines was found to be independent from electron pulse structure for the two endpoints under investigation. CONCLUSIONS The results reveal, that ultra-high pulse dose rates of 10(10) Gy min(-1) and the low repetition rate of laser accelerated electrons have no statistically significant influence (within the 95% confidence intervals) on the radiobiological effectiveness of megavoltage electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Beyreuther
- a Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf , Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden , Germany
| | - Leonhard Karsch
- b OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology , Dresden , Germany
| | - Lydia Laschinsky
- a Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf , Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden , Germany.,b OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology , Dresden , Germany
| | - Elisabeth Leßmann
- a Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf , Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden , Germany
| | - Doreen Naumburger
- b OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology , Dresden , Germany
| | - Melanie Oppelt
- b OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology , Dresden , Germany
| | - Christian Richter
- a Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf , Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden , Germany.,b OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology , Dresden , Germany.,c Department of Radiation Oncology , Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany.,d German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Michael Schürer
- b OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology , Dresden , Germany
| | - Julia Woithe
- b OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology , Dresden , Germany
| | - Jörg Pawelke
- a Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf , Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden , Germany.,b OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology , Dresden , Germany
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Lisowska H, Brehwens K, Zölzer F, Wegierek-Ciuk A, Czub J, Lankoff A, Haghdoost S, Wojcik A. Effect of hypothermia on radiation-induced micronuclei and delay of cell cycle progression in TK6 cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:318-24. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.887233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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