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Intermittent ELF-MF Induce an Amplitude-Window Effect on Umbilical Cord Blood Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214391. [PMID: 36430865 PMCID: PMC9699011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study of the effects of intermittent extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MF) on umbilical cord blood lymphocytes (UCBL), we evaluated MF amplitudes between 6 µT and 24 µT and found an effect only for those below 13 µT. This suggested the existence of an amplitude window. In this brief communication, we further tested this hypothesis. UCBLs from healthy newborns were isolated and exposed for 72 h to an intermittent ELF-MF (triangular, 7.8 Hz, 250 s ON/250 s OFF) with 6 different amplitudes between 3 µT and 12 µT, utilizing an oblong coil. Percentage of viable, early apoptotic (EA), and late apoptotic/necrotic (LAN) cells were determined by flow cytometry. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined at 1 h and 3 h of the exposure. Like in our previous work, neither EA, nor LAN, nor ROS were statistically significantly affected by the intermittent ELF-MF. However, the percentage of viable cells was decreased by exposure to the fields with intensities of 6.5 µT and 12 µT (p < 0.05; and p = 0.057 for 8.5 µT). ELF-MF decreased the percentage of viable cells for fields down to 6.5 µT, but not for 5 µT, 4 µT, or 3 µT. Combined with our previous findings, the results reported here indicate an amplitude window effect between 6 µT and 13 µT. The obtained data are in line with a notion of amplitude and frequency windows, which request scanning of both amplitude and frequency while studying the ELF-MF effects.
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Classifier Spot Count Optimization of Automated Fluorescent Slide Scanning System. ACTA MEDICA MARTINIANA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/acm-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Ionizing radiation induced foci (IRIF) known also as DNA repair foci represent the most sensitive endpoint for assessing DNA double strand breaks (DSB). IRIF are usually visualized and enumerated with the aid of fluorescence microscopy using antibodies to γH2AX and 53BP1. Although several approaches and software packages were developed for the quantification of IRIF, not one of them was commonly accepted and inter-laboratory variability in the outputs was reported. In this study, the sensitization of Metafer software to counting also small appearing IRIF was validated.
Materials and Methods: Human lymphocytes were γ-irradiated at a dose of 2 Gy. The cells were fixed at 0.5, 1, 2, and 18 hours post-irradiation, permeabilized and IRIF were immunostained using appropriate antibodies. Cell images were acquired with the automatic Metafer system. Radiation-induced γH2AX and 53BP1 foci were enumerated using either manual counting (JCountPro program) or the Metafer software (after its classifier optimization has been done) and compared. The statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA.
Results: The enumeration of 53BP1, γH2AX foci manually by JCountPro did not statistically significantly differ from the automatic one performed with the optimized Metafer classifier. A detailed step-by-step protocol of this successful optimization is described in this study.
Conclusions: We concluded that the Metafer software after the optimization was efficient in objectively enumerating IRIF, having a potential for usage in clinics and molecular epidemiology.
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DNA damage response of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to high-LET neutron irradiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20854. [PMID: 34675263 PMCID: PMC8531011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The radiosensitivity of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to neutron radiation remains largely underexplored, notwithstanding their potential role as target cells for radiation-induced leukemogenesis. New insights are required for radiation protection purposes, particularly for aviation, space missions, nuclear accidents and even particle therapy. In this study, HSPCs (CD34+CD38+ cells) were isolated from umbilical cord blood and irradiated with 60Co γ-rays (photons) and high energy p(66)/Be(40) neutrons. At 2 h post-irradiation, a significantly higher number of 1.28 ± 0.12 γ-H2AX foci/cell was observed after 0.5 Gy neutrons compared to 0.84 ± 0.14 foci/cell for photons, but this decreased to similar levels for both radiation qualities after 18 h. However, a significant difference in late apoptosis was observed with Annexin-V+/PI+ assay between photon and neutron irradiation at 18 h, 43.17 ± 6.10% versus 55.55 ± 4.87%, respectively. A significant increase in MN frequency was observed after both 0.5 and 1 Gy neutron irradiation compared to photons illustrating higher levels of neutron-induced cytogenetic damage, while there was no difference in the nuclear division index between both radiation qualities. The results point towards a higher induction of DNA damage after neutron irradiation in HSPCs followed by error-prone DNA repair, which contributes to genomic instability and a higher risk of leukemogenesis.
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Durdik M, Kosik P, Jakl L, Kozackova M, Markova E, Vigasova K, Beresova K, Jakubikova J, Horvathova E, Zastko L, Fekete M, Zavacka I, Pobijakova M, Belyaev I. Imaging flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy in assessing radiation response in lymphocytes from umbilical cord blood and cancer patients. Cytometry A 2021; 99:1198-1208. [PMID: 34089242 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSB) induced by ionizing radiation (IR) are usually measured using γH2AX/53BP1 DNA repair foci, that is considered to be the most sensitive assay for DSB analysis. While fluorescence microscopy (FM) is the gold standard for this analysis, imaging flow cytometry (IFC) may offer number of advantages such as lack of the fluorescence background, higher number of cells analyzed, and higher sensitivity in detection of DNA damage induced by IR at low doses. Along with appearance of γH2AX foci, the variable fraction of the cells exhibits homogeneously stained γH2AX signal resulting in so-called γH2AX pan-staining, which is believed to appear at early stages of apoptosis. Here, we investigated incidence of γH2AX pan-staining at different time points after irradiation with γ-rays using IFC and compared the obtained data with the data from FM. Appearance of γH2AX pan-staining during the apoptotic process was further analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of cells at different stages of apoptosis and subsequent immunofluorescence analysis. Our results show that IFC was able to reveal dose dependence of pan-staining, while FM failed to detect all pan-staining cells. Moreover, we found that γH2AX pan-staining could be induced by therapeutic, but not low doses of γ-rays and correlate well with percentage of apoptotic cells was analyzed using flow cytometric Annexin-V/7-AAD assay. Further investigations showed that γH2AX pan-staining is formed in the early phases of apoptosis and remains until later stages of apoptotic process. Apoptotic DNA fragmentation as detected with comet assay using FM correlated with the percentage of live and late apoptotic/necrotic cells as analyzed by flow cytometry. Lastly, we successfully tested IFC for detection of γH2AX pan-staining and γH2AX/53BP1 DNA repair foci in lymphocyte of breast cancer patients after radiotherapy, which may be useful for assessing individual radiosensitivity in a clinically relevant cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matus Durdik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Kosik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lukas Jakl
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria Kozackova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Markova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Vigasova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Beresova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Jakubikova
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Horvathova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucian Zastko
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta Fekete
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ingrid Zavacka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Margita Pobijakova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Evaluation of Calyculin A Effect on γH2AX/53BP1 Focus Formation and Apoptosis in Human Umbilical Cord Blood Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115470. [PMID: 34067339 PMCID: PMC8196852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dephosphorylation inhibitor calyculin A (cal A) has been reported to inhibit the disappearance of radiation-induced γH2AX DNA repair foci in human lymphocytes. However, other studies reported no change in the kinetics of γH2AX focus induction and loss in irradiated cells. While apoptosis might interplay with the kinetics of focus formation, it was not followed in irradiated cells along with DNA repair foci. Thus, to validate plausible explanations for significant variability in outputs of these studies, we evaluated the effect of cal A (1 and 10 nM) on γH2AX/53BP1 DNA repair foci and apoptosis in irradiated (1, 5, 10, and 100 cGy) human umbilical cord blood lymphocytes (UCBL) using automated fluorescence microscopy and annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide assay/γH2AX pan-staining, respectively. No effect of cal A on γH2AX and colocalized γH2AX/53BP1 foci induced by low doses (≤10 cGy) of γ-rays was observed. Moreover, 10 nM cal A treatment decreased the number of all types of DNA repair foci induced by 100 cGy irradiation. 10 nM cal A treatment induced apoptosis already at 2 h of treatment, independently from the delivered dose. Apoptosis was also detected in UCBL treated with lower cal A concentration, 1 nM, at longer cell incubation, 20 and 44 h. Our data suggest that apoptosis triggered by cal A in UCBL may underlie the failure of cal A to maintain radiation-induced γH2AX foci. All DSB molecular markers used in this study responded linearly to low-dose irradiation. Therefore, their combination may represent a strong biodosimetry tool for estimation of radiation response to low doses. Assessment of colocalized γH2AX/53BP1 improved the threshold of low dose detection.
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Kosik P, Durdik M, Skorvaga M, Klimova D, Kochanova D, Cerna Z, Kubes M, Holop M, Belyaev I. Induction of AML Preleukemic Fusion Genes in HSPCs and DNA Damage Response in Preleukemic Fusion Gene Positive Samples. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030481. [PMID: 33803739 PMCID: PMC8003332 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Preleukemic fusion genes (PFGs) occurring after DNA damage in hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) in utero often represent the initial event in the development of childhood leukemia. While the incidence of PFGs characteristic for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was relatively well examined by several research groups and estimated to be 1–5% in umbilical cord blood (UCB) of healthy newborns, PFGs that are relevant to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were poorly investigated. Therefore, this study is focused on the estimation of the incidence of the most frequent AML PFGs in newborns. For the first time, this study considered the inducibility of AML PFGs in different subsets of UCB HSPCs by low-dose γ-rays and also compared endogenous DNA damage, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level between UCB samples containing or lacking AML PFGs. We found that: (i) the incidence of AML PFGs in UCB was 3.19% for RUNX1-RUNX1T1, 3.19% for PML-RARα, and 1.17% for KMT2A-MLLT3, (ii) 50 cGy of γ-rays did not induce RUNX1-RUNX1T1, PML-RARα, or KMT2A-MLLT3 PFGs in different subsets of sorted and expanded HSPCs, and (iii) the AML PFG+ samples accumulated the same level of endogenous DNA damage, as measured by the γH2AX/53BP1 focus formation, and also the same ROS level, and apoptosis as compared to PFG− controls. Our study provides critical insights into the prevalence of AML PFGs in UCB of newborns, without the evidence of a specific HSPC population more susceptible for PFG formation after irradiation to low-dose γ-rays or increased amount of ROS, apoptosis and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Kosik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.D.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (D.K.); (Z.C.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-32295-118
| | - Matus Durdik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.D.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (D.K.); (Z.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Milan Skorvaga
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.D.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (D.K.); (Z.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Daniela Klimova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.D.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (D.K.); (Z.C.); (I.B.)
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Kochanova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.D.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (D.K.); (Z.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Zlatica Cerna
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.D.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (D.K.); (Z.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Miroslav Kubes
- Stem Cell Lab, BIOM-R, Ltd., 841 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Marek Holop
- Stem Cell Lab, BIOM-R, Ltd., 841 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.D.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (D.K.); (Z.C.); (I.B.)
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Zastko L, Petrovičová P, Račková A, Jakl L, Jakušová V, Marková E, Belyaev I. DNA damage response and apoptosis induced by hyperthermia in human umbilical cord blood lymphocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 73:105127. [PMID: 33652125 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
While hyperthermia (HT) is a promising modality for cancer treatment, the knowledge on mechanisms of its effect on cells is still limited. We have investigated DNA double-strand break (DSB) and apoptosis induced by HT. Umbilical cord blood lymphocytes (UCBL) were subjected to HT at 43 °C. We have treated cells for 1 h (1 h HT), 2 h (2 h HT) and by combined HT and ice treatment (both lasting 1 h). Enumeration of DSB by 53BP1/γH2AX DNA repair focus formation and early apoptosis by γH2AX pan-staining was conducted by automated fluorescent microscopy. Apoptotic stages and viability were assessed by the annexin/propidium iodide (PI) assay using flow cytometry 0, 18, and 42 h post-treatment. HT induced either immediate (2 h HT) or postponed (1 h HT) DNA damage. The levels of 53BP1 and γH2AX foci differed under the same treatment conditions, suggesting that the ratio of co-localized γH2AX/53BP1 foci to all γH2AX and also to all 53BP1 foci could be a valuable marker. The ratio of co-localized foci increased immediately after 2 h HT regardless the way of assessment. For the first time we show, by both annexin/PI and γH2AX pan-staining assay that apoptosis can be induced during or immediately after the 2 h HT treatment. Our results suggest that HT may induce DSB in dependence on treatment duration and post-treatment time due to inhibition of DNA repair pathways and that HT-induced apoptosis might be dependent or associated with DSB formation in human lymphocytes. Assessment of γH2AX pan-staining in lymphocytes affected by HT may represent a valuable marker of HT treatment side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucián Zastko
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Medical Biophysics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Petra Petrovičová
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Račková
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lukáš Jakl
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viera Jakušová
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4B, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eva Marková
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Zastko L, Makinistian L, Moravčíková A, Jakuš J, Belyaev I. Effect of Intermittent ELF MF on Umbilical Cord Blood Lymphocytes. Bioelectromagnetics 2020; 41:649-655. [PMID: 33190314 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucián Zastko
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Leonardo Makinistian
- Department of Physics, Instituto de Física Aplicada (INFAP), Universidad Nacional de San Luis-CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Andrea Moravčíková
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Jakuš
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Gulati S, Kosik P, Durdik M, Skorvaga M, Jakl L, Markova E, Belyaev I. Effects of different mobile phone UMTS signals on DNA, apoptosis and oxidative stress in human lymphocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115632. [PMID: 33254645 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Different scientific reports suggested link between exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RF) from mobile communications and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage while other studies have not found such a link. However, the available studies are not directly comparable because they were performed at different parameters of exposure, including carrier frequency of RF signal, which was shown to be a critical for appearance of the RF effects. For the first time, we comparatively analyzed genotoxic effects of UMTS signals at different frequency channels used by 3G mobile phones (1923, 1947.47, and 1977 MHz). Genotoxicity was examined in human lymphocytes exposed to RF for 1 h and 3 h using complimentary endpoints such as induction of ROS by imaging flow cytometry, DNA damage by alkaline comet assay, mutations in TP53 gene by RSM assay, preleukemic fusion genes (PFG) by RT-qPCR, and apoptosis by flow cytometry. No effects of RF exposure on ROS, apoptosis, PFG, and mutations in TP53 gene were revealed regardless the UMTS frequency while inhibition of a bulk RNA expression was found. On the other hand, we found relatively small but statistically significant induction of DNA damage in dependence on UMTS frequency channel with maximal effect at 1977.0 MHz. Our data support a notion that each specific signal used in mobile communication should be tested in specially designed experiments to rule out that prolonged exposure to RF from mobile communication would induce genotoxic effects and affect the health of human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Gulati
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Kosik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Matus Durdik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Milan Skorvaga
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Lukas Jakl
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Markova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 845 05, Slovak Republic.
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DNA damage response and preleukemic fusion genes induced by ionizing radiation in umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13722. [PMID: 32839487 PMCID: PMC7445283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is clear evidence that ionizing radiation (IR) causes leukemia. For many types of leukemia, the preleukemic fusion genes (PFG), as consequences of DNA damage and chromosomal translocations, occur in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in utero and could be detected in umbilical cord blood (UCB) of newborns. However, relatively limited information is available about radiation-induced apoptosis, DNA damage and PFG formation in human HSPC. In this study we revealed that CD34+ HSPC compared to lymphocytes: (i) are extremely radio-resistant showing delayed time kinetics of apoptosis, (ii) accumulate lower level of endogenous DNA damage/early apoptotic γH2AX pan-stained cells, (iii) have higher level of radiation-induced 53BP1 and γH2AX/53BP1 co-localized DNA double stranded breaks, and (iv) after low dose of IR may form very low level of BCR-ABL PFG. Within CD34+ HSPC we identified CD34+CD38+ progenitor cells as a highly apoptosis-resistant population, while CD34+CD38- hematopoietic stem/multipotent progenitor cells (HSC/MPP) as a population very sensitive to radiation-induced apoptosis. Our study provides critical insights into how human HSPC respond to IR in the context of DNA damage, apoptosis and PFG.
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Jakl L, Marková E, Koláriková L, Belyaev I. Biodosimetry of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation Using DNA Repair Foci in Human Lymphocytes. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11010058. [PMID: 31947954 PMCID: PMC7016656 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Ionizing radiation induced foci (IRIF) known also as DNA repair foci represent most sensitive endpoint for assessing DNA double strand breaks (DSB). IRIF are usually visualized and enumerated with the aid of fluorescence microscopy using antibodies to γH2AX and 53BP1. This study analyzed effect of low dose ionizing radiation on residual IRIF in human lymphocytes to the aim of potential biodosimetry and possible extrapolation of high-dose γH2AX/53BP1 effects to low doses and compared kinetics of DSB and IRIF. We also analyzed whether DNaseI, which is used for reducing of clumps, affects the IRIF level. Materials and Methods: The cryopreserved human lymphocytes from umbilical cord blood (UCB) were thawed with/without DNaseI, γ-irradiated at doses of 0, 5, 10, and 50 cGy and γH2AX/53BP1 foci were analyzed 30 min, 2 h, and 22 h post-irradiation using appropriate antibodies. We also analyzed kinetics of DSB using PFGE. Results: No significant difference was observed between data obtained by γH2AX foci evaluation in cells that were irradiated by low doses and data obtained by extrapolation from higher doses. Residual 53BP1 foci induced by low doses significantly outreached the data extrapolated from irradiation by higher doses. 53BP1 foci induced by low dose-radiation remain longer at DSB loci than foci induced by higher doses. There was no significant effect of DNaseI on DNA repair foci. Conclusions: Primary γH2AX, 53BP1 foci and their co-localization represent valuable markers for biodosimetry of low doses, but their usefulness is limited by short time window. Residual γH2AX and 53BP1 foci are more useful markers for biodosimetry in vitro. Effects of low doses can be extrapolated from high dose using γH2AX residual foci while γH2AX/53BP1 foci are valuable markers for evaluation of initial DSB induced by ionizing radiation. Residual IRIF induced by low doses persist longer time than those induced by higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Jakl
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-59327321; Fax: +421-2-59327305
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Durdik M, Kosik P, Markova E, Somsedikova A, Gajdosechova B, Nikitina E, Horvathova E, Kozics K, Davis D, Belyaev I. Microwaves from mobile phone induce reactive oxygen species but not DNA damage, preleukemic fusion genes and apoptosis in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16182. [PMID: 31700008 PMCID: PMC6838175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) has been associated with the increased risk of childhood leukemia, which arises from mutations induced within hematopoietic stem cells often through preleukemic fusion genes (PFG). In this study we investigated whether exposure to microwaves (MW) emitted by mobile phones could induce various biochemical markers of cellular damage including reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA single and double strand breaks, PFG, and apoptosis in umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells including CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. UCB cells were exposed to MW pulsed signals from GSM900/UMTS test-mobile phone and ROS, apoptosis, DNA damage, and PFG were analyzed using flow cytometry, automated fluorescent microscopy, imaging flow cytometry, comet assay, and RT-qPCR. In general, no persisting difference in DNA damage, PFG and apoptosis between exposed and sham-exposed samples was detected. However, we found increased ROS level after 1 h of UMTS exposure that was not evident 3 h post-exposure. We also found that the level of ROS rise with the higher degree of cellular differentiation. Our data show that UCB cells exposed to pulsed MW developed transient increase in ROS that did not result in sustained DNA damage and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matus Durdik
- Deparment of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Pavol Kosik
- Deparment of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Markova
- Deparment of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexandra Somsedikova
- Deparment of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Beata Gajdosechova
- Deparment of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ekaterina Nikitina
- Department of Oncovirology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Eva Horvathova
- Deparment of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Kozics
- Deparment of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Devra Davis
- The Hebrew University Hadassah School of Medicine, and Environmental Health Trust, Washington, USA
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Deparment of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Durdik M, Kosik P, Kruzliakova J, Jakl L, Markova E, Belyaev I. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells are less prone to undergo apoptosis than lymphocytes despite similar DNA damage response. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48846-48853. [PMID: 28415626 PMCID: PMC5564729 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor CD34+ cells (HSPC) give rise to all types of blood cells and represent a key cellular target for origination of leukemia. Apoptosis and repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSB) are vital processes in leukemogenesis. High doses of ionizing radiation are the best known agent that induces leukemia, but less is known about the leukemogenic potential of low doses. While umbilical cord blood (UCB) serves as a valuable source of the HSPC for both research and clinics, the data on DNA damage response and apoptosis in UCB HSPC are very limited. We have studied apoptosis and DSB in the UCB-derived CD34+HSPC and CD34- lymphocytes at different time points post-irradiation with low and therapeutic doses of γ-rays. DSB were enumerated with γH2AX foci using imaging flow cytometry. Different stages of apoptosis were analyzed using Annexin/7-AAD assay and γH2AX pan-staining by flow cytometry and imaging flow cytometry, respectively. Our results have consistently shown significantly higher resistance of CD34+ stem/progenitor cells to endogenous and radiation induced apoptosis as compared to CD34- lymphocytes. At the same time, no statistically significant difference was found in DSB repair between HSPC and lymphocytes as enumerated by the γH2AX foci. To conclude, we show for the first time that hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells are less prone to undergo apoptosis than lymphocytes what may be accounted for higher expression of anti-apoptotic proteins in CD34+ cells but was unlikely dealt with DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matus Durdik
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Kosik
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Kruzliakova
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lukas Jakl
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Markova
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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14
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Attenuated DNA damage responses and increased apoptosis characterize human hematopoietic stem cells exposed to irradiation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6071. [PMID: 29666389 PMCID: PMC5904119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24440-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure to precisely repair DNA damage in self-renewing Hematopoietic Stem and early Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) can disrupt normal hematopoiesis and promote leukemogenesis. Although HSPCs are widely considered a target of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced hematopoietic injury, definitive data regarding cell death, DNA repair, and genomic stability in these rare quiescent cells are scarce. We found that irradiated HSPCs, but not lineage-committed progenitors (CPs), undergo rapid ATM-dependent apoptosis, which is suppressed upon interaction with bone-marrow stroma cells. Using DNA repair reporters to quantify mutagenic Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) processes, we found that HSPCs exhibit reduced NHEJ activities in comparison with CPs. HSPC-stroma interactions did not affect the NHEJ capacity of HSPCs, emphasizing its cell autonomous regulation. We noted diminished expression of multiple double strand break (DSB) repair transcripts along with more persistent 53BP1 foci in irradiated HSPCs in comparison with CPs, which can account for low NHEJ activity and its distinct control in HSPCs. Finally, we documented clonal chromosomal aberrations in 10% of IR-surviving HSPCs. Taken together, our results revealed potential mechanisms contributing to the inherent susceptibility of human HSPC to the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of DNA damage.
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Yuan F, Liu L, Lei Y, Hu Y. MiRNA-142-3p increases radiosensitivity in human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells by inhibiting the expression of CD133. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5674. [PMID: 29618746 PMCID: PMC5884857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of CD133 which is associated with malignancy and poor prognosis of blood system diseases. CD133+HUCB-MNC (human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells) and CD133-HUCB-MNC were isolated and amplificated from umbilical cord blood, and then were exposed to different doses of radiation and subjected to a clonogenic assay. CCK-8 kit was used to detect cell viability, Annexin V-FITC/PI cell apoptosis detection kit was used for the detection of apoptotic cells and the BrdU assay was performed by flow cytometry. The expression of protein was analyzed by western blots. The profile of miRNA expression in response to radiation was examined and validated by RT-PCR. miR-142-3p inhibited the expression of CD133 in umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells to increase radiosensitivity. CD133+HUCB-MNC cells were more radioresistant compared with CD133-HUCB-MNC cells. CD133+HUCB-MNC cells showed higher p-AKT and p-ERK levels after radiation. And miR-142-3p acted on 3'UTR of CD133 mRNA to inhibit CD133 expression. Moreover, miRNA-142-3p mimic increased radiosensitivity in CD133+HUCB-MNC cells. Our results elucidated a novel regulation pathway in hematopoietic stem cells and suggested a potential therapeutic approach for blood system diseases therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- 1Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yonghong Lei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yi Hu
- 1Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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16
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Hintzsche H, Montag G, Stopper H. Induction of micronuclei by four cytostatic compounds in human hematopoietic stem cells and human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3371. [PMID: 29463873 PMCID: PMC5820321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For mutagenicity testing, primary lymphocytes or mammalian cell lines are employed. However, the true target for carcinogenic action of mutagenic chemicals may be stem cells. Since hematopoietic cancers induced by chemical agents originate at the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) stage and since one of the side effects of chemotherapeutic cancer treatment is the induction of secondary tumors, often leukemias, HSC may be a suitable cell system. We compared the sensitivity of HSC with the genotoxicity testing cell line TK6 for chromosomal mutations. HSC were less sensitive than TK6 cells for the genotoxic effects of the model genotoxins and chemotherapeutic agents doxorubicin, vinblastine, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and equally sensitive for mitomycin C (MMC). However, loss of viability after mitomycin C treatment was higher in HSC than in TK6 cells. Among the factors that may influence sensitivity for genomic damage, the generation or response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the effectiveness of DNA damage response can be discussed. Here we show that HSC can be used in a standard micronucleus test protocol for chromosomal mutations and that their sensitivity was not higher than that of a classical testing cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hintzsche
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Eggenreuther Weg 43, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gracia Montag
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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γ-H2AX/53BP1/pKAP-1 foci and their linear tracks induced by in vitro exposure to radon and its progeny in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38295. [PMID: 27922110 PMCID: PMC5138821 DOI: 10.1038/srep38295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biodosimetric information is critical for evaluating the human health hazards caused by radon and its progeny. Here, we demonstrated that the formation of phosphorylated histone variant H2AX (γ-H2AX), p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and phosphorylated KRAB-associated protein 1 (pKAP-1) foci and their linear tracks in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) in vitro exposed to radon and its progeny were dependent on the cumulative absorbed dose of radon exposure but was unrelated to the concentration of radon. Among them, γ-H2AX foci and its linear tracks were the most sensitive indicators with the lowest estimable cumulative absorbed dose of 1.74 mGy from their linear dose-response curves and sustained for 12 h after termination of radon exposure. In addition, three types of foci showed an overdispersed non-Poisson distribution in HPBLs. The ratios of pKAP-1/γ-H2AX foci co-localization, 53BP1/γ-H2AX foci co-localization and 53BP1/pKAP-1 foci co-localization were significantly increased in HPBLs exposed to radon while they were unrelated to the cumulative dose of radon exposure, suggesting that γ-H2AX, pKAP-1 and 53BP1 play an important role in the repair of heterochromatic double-strand breaks. Altogether, our findings provide an experimental basis for estimating the biological dose of internal α-particle irradiation from radon and its progeny exposure in humans.
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Jakl L, Lobachevsky P, Vokálová L, Durdík M, Marková E, Belyaev I. Validation of JCountPro software for efficient assessment of ionizing radiation-induced foci in human lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:766-773. [PMID: 27648492 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1222093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF) known also as DNA repair foci represent the most sensitive and specific assay for assessing DNA double-strand break (DSB). IRIF are usually visualized and enumerated with the aid of fluorescence microscopy using antibodies to phosphorylated γH2AX and 53BP1. Although several approaches and software packages were developed for quantification of IRIF, not one of them was commonly accepted and inter-laboratory variability in the outputs was reported. In this study, JCountPro software was validated for IRIF enumeration in two independent laboratories. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human lymphocytes were γ-irradiated at doses of 0, 2, 5, 10 and 50 cGy. The cells were fixed, permeabilized and IRIF were immunostained using appropriate antibodies. Cell images were acquired with automatic Metafer system. Endogenous and radiation-induced γH2AX and 53BP1 foci were enumerated using JCountPro. This analysis was performed from the same cell galleries by the researchers from two laboratories. Yield of foci was analyzed by either arithmetic mean (AM) value (foci/cell) or principal average (PA) derived from the approximation of foci distribution with Poisson statistics. Statistical analysis was performed using factorial ANOVA. RESULTS Enumeration of 53BP1, γH2AX and co-localized 53BP1/γH2AX foci by JCountPro was essentially the same between laboratories. IRIF were detected at all doses and linear dose response was obtained in the studied dose range. PA values from Poisson distribution fitted the data better as compared to AM values and were more powerful and sensitive for IRIF analysis than the AM values. All JCountPro data were confirmed by visual focus enumeration. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the JCountPro software was efficient in objectively enumerating IRIF regardless of an individual researcher's bias and has a potential for usage in clinics and molecular epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Jakl
- a Laboratory of Radiobiology , Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Pavel Lobachevsky
- b Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Lenka Vokálová
- a Laboratory of Radiobiology , Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia.,c Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Comenius University , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Matúš Durdík
- a Laboratory of Radiobiology , Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Eva Marková
- a Laboratory of Radiobiology , Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Igor Belyaev
- a Laboratory of Radiobiology , Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia.,d Laboratory of Radiobiology , General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science , Moscow , Russia
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Vandevoorde C, Vral A, Vandekerckhove B, Philippé J, Thierens H. Radiation Sensitivity of Human CD34+Cells Versus Peripheral Blood T Lymphocytes of Newborns and Adults: DNA Repair and Mutagenic Effects. Radiat Res 2016; 185:580-90. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14109.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Marková E, Somsedíková A, Vasilyev S, Pobijaková M, Lacková A, Lukačko P, Belyaev I. DNA repair foci and late apoptosis/necrosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes of breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:934-45. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Durdik M, Kosik P, Gursky J, Vokalova L, Markova E, Belyaev I. Imaging flow cytometry as a sensitive tool to detect low-dose-induced DNA damage by analyzing 53BP1 and γH2AX foci in human lymphocytes. Cytometry A 2015; 87:1070-8. [PMID: 26243567 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation induced foci (IRIF) are considered the most sensitive indicator for DNA double-strand break (DSB) detection. Monitoring DSB induction by low doses of ionizing radiation is important due to the increasing exposure in the general population. γH2AX and 53BP1 are commonly used molecular markers for in situ IRIF assessment. Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) via ImageStream system provides a new opportunity in this field. We analyzed the formation of 53BP1, γH2AX foci and their co-localization induced by γ-rays (2, 5, 10, 50, 200 cGy) in human lymphocytes using ImageStream and the automated microscopic system Metafer. We observed very similar sensitivity of both systems for the detection of endogenous and low-dose-induced IRIF. Statistically significant induction of γH2AX foci was found at doses of 2 and 10 cGy using ImageStream and Metafer, respectively. Statistically significant induction of 53BP1 foci was evident at doses ≥ 5 cGy when analyzed by IFC. Analysis of the co-localizing foci by ImageStream and Metafer showed statistical significance at doses ≥ 2 cGy, suggesting that foci co-localization is a sensitive parameter for DSB quantification. Assessment of γH2AX, 53BP1 foci and their co-localization by Metafer and ImageStream showed similar linear dose responses in the low-dose range up to 10 cGy, although IFC showed slightly better resolution for IRIF in this dose range. At higher doses, IFC underestimated IRIF numbers. Using the imaging ability of ImageStream, we introduced an optimized assay by gating γH2AX foci positive (with 1 or more γH2AX foci) and negative (cells without foci) cells. This assay resulted in statistically significant IRIF induction at doses ≥ 5cGy and a linear dose response up to 50 cGy. In conclusion, we provide evidence for the use of IFC as an accurate high throughput assay for the prompt detection and enumeration of endogenous and low-dose induced IRIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matus Durdik
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Kosik
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Gursky
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Vokalova
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Markova
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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22
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Urata Y, Goto S, Luo L, Doi H, Kitajima Y, Masuda S, Ono Y, Li TS. Enhanced Nox1 expression and oxidative stress resistance in c-kit-positive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:376-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Pouliliou S, Koukourakis MI. Gamma histone 2AX (γ-H2AX)as a predictive tool in radiation oncology. Biomarkers 2014; 19:167-80. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.898099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Pouliliou
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Radiobiology and Radiopathology Unit, Democritus University of Thrace
AlexandroupolisGreece
| | - Michael I. Koukourakis
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Radiobiology and Radiopathology Unit, Democritus University of Thrace
AlexandroupolisGreece
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Sorokina S, Markova E, Gursky J, Dobrovodsky J, Belyaev I. Relative biological efficiency of protons at low and therapeutic doses in induction of 53BP1/γH2AX foci in lymphocytes from umbilical cord blood. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:716-23. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.797619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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