1
|
Poudel D, Avtandilashvili M, Klumpp JA, Bertelli L, Tolmachev SY. Modified human respiratory tract model to describe the retention of plutonium in scar tissues. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:1838-1843. [PMID: 37819295 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The Human Respiratory Tract Model described in Publication 130 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection provides some mechanisms to account for retention of material that can be subject to little to no mechanical transport or absorption into the blood. One of these mechanisms is 'binding', which refers to a process by which a fraction ('bound fraction') of the dissolved material chemically binds to the tissue of the airway wall. The value of the bound fraction can have a significant impact on the radiation doses imparted to different parts of the respiratory tract. To properly evaluate-and quantify-bound fraction for an element, one would need information on long-term retention of the element in individual compartments of the respiratory tract. Such data on regional retention of plutonium in the respiratory tract of four workers-who had inhaled materials with solubility ranging from soluble nitrate to very insoluble high-fired oxides-were obtained at the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries. An assumption of bound fraction alone was found to be inconsistent with this dataset and also with a review of the literature. Several studies show evidence of retention of a large amount of Pu activity in the scar tissues of humans and experimental animals, and accordingly, a model structure with scar-tissue compartments was proposed. The transfer rates to these compartments were determined using Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis of the bioassay and post-mortem data, considering the uncertainties associated with deposition, dissolution and particle clearance parameters. The models predicted that a significant amount-between 20 and 100% for the cases analyzed-of plutonium retained in the respiratory tract was sequestered in the scar tissues. Unlike chemically-bound Pu that irradiates sensitive epithelial cells, Pu in scar tissues may not be dosimetrically significant because the scar tissues absorb most, if not all, of the energy from alpha emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepesh Poudel
- Radiation Protection Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663 MS G761, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Maia Avtandilashvili
- United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries, Washington State University, 1845 Terminal Dr. Suite 201, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - John A Klumpp
- Radiation Protection Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663 MS G761, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Luiz Bertelli
- Radiation Protection Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663 MS G761, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Sergei Y Tolmachev
- United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries, Washington State University, 1845 Terminal Dr. Suite 201, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sychugov GV, Kazachkov EL, Osovets SV, Grigoryeva ES, Sychugov AG, Azizova TV. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor and Cellular Renewal in Various Types of Pulmonary Fibrosis in Plutonium Production Workers. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s106235902211019x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
|
3
|
Poudel D, Avtandilashvili M, Klumpp JA, Bertelli L, Tolmachev SY. MODELING THE LONG-TERM RETENTION OF PLUTONIUM IN THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY TRACT USING SCAR-TISSUE COMPARTMENTS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2021; 196:167-183. [PMID: 34595535 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory tract tissues of four former nuclear workers with plutonium intakes were radiochemically analyzed post mortem by the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries. Plutonium activities in the upper respiratory tract of these individuals were found to be higher than those predicted using the most recent biokinetic models described in publications of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Modification of the model parameters, including the bound fraction, was not able to explain the data in one of the four individuals who had inhaled insoluble form of plutonium. Literature review points to the presence of-and a significant retention of-plutonium in the scar tissues of the lungs. Accordingly, an alternate model with scar-tissue compartments corresponding to larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar-interstitium and thoracic lymph nodes was proposed. The rates of transfer to the scar tissue compartments were determined using Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis of data on urinary excretion, lung counts and post-mortem measurements of liver, skeleton and individual respiratory tract compartments, as available. The posterior models predicted that 20-100%-depending on the solubility of the material inhaled-of the activities retained in the respiratory tract were sequestered in the scar tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepesh Poudel
- Radiation Protection Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Maia Avtandilashvili
- United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - John A Klumpp
- Radiation Protection Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Luiz Bertelli
- Radiation Protection Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Sergei Y Tolmachev
- United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Poudel D, Avtandilashvili M, Bertelli L, Klumpp JA, Tolmachev SY. Long-term Retention of Plutonium in the Respiratory Tracts of Two Acutely-exposed Workers: Estimation of Bound Fraction. HEALTH PHYSICS 2021; 120:258-270. [PMID: 32881734 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Inhalation of plutonium is a significant contributor of occupational doses in plutonium production, nuclear fuel reprocessing, and cleanup operations. Accurate assessment of the residence time of plutonium in the lungs is important to properly characterize dose and, consequently, the risk from inhalation of plutonium aerosols. This paper discusses the long-term retention of plutonium in different parts of the respiratory tract of two workers who donated their bodies to the US Transuranium and Uranium Registries. The post-mortem tissue radiochemical analysis results, along with the urine bioassay data, were interpreted using Markov Chain Monte Carlo and the latest biokinetic models presented in the Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides series of ICRP publications. The materials inhaled by both workers were found to have solubility between that of plutonium nitrates and oxides. The long-term solubility was also confirmed by comparison of the activity concentration in the lungs and the thoracic lymph nodes. The data from the two individuals can be explained by assuming a bound fraction (fraction of plutonium deposited in the respiratory tract that becomes bound to lung tissue after dissolution) of 1% and 4%, respectively, without having to significantly alter the particle clearance parameters. Effects of different assumptions about the bound fraction on radiation doses to different target regions was also investigated. For inhalation of soluble materials, an assumption of fb of 1%, compared to the ICRP default of 0.2%, increases the dose to the most sensitive target region of the respiratory tract by 258% and that to the total lung by 116%. Some possible alternate methods of explaining higher-than-expected long-term retention of plutonium in the upper respiratory tract of these individuals-such as physical sequestration of material into the scar tissues and possible uptake by lungs-are also briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepesh Poudel
- Radiation Protection Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM
| | - Maia Avtandilashvili
- US Transuranium and Uranium Registries, Washington State University, Richland, WA
| | - Luiz Bertelli
- Radiation Protection Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM
| | - John A Klumpp
- Radiation Protection Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM
| | - Sergei Y Tolmachev
- US Transuranium and Uranium Registries, Washington State University, Richland, WA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sauge-Merle S, Lemaire D, Evans RW, Berthomieu C, Aupiais J. Revisiting binding of plutonium to transferrin by CE-ICP-MS. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:1389-1396. [PMID: 28112296 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04336d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis coupled with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer was applied for the first time to determine the binding constant of human transferrin (Tf) for tetravalent plutonium. The experiments were carried out in a buffer 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) at pH 6, 0.1 M NaCl and at a temperature of 25 °C. The nitrilotriacetate anion (NTA) used in this study prevents the hydrolysis of plutonium and is an ideal competitor with Tf for Pu, both ligands sharing comparable binding strength. The separation revealed unambiguous two peaks associated with the complex Pu(NTA)2 used as the initial species and with Pu-transferrin. Two series of independent experiments were conducted and gave the first stepwise conditional bicarbonate-free Pu-transferrin binding constant of . In the absence of bicarbonate the affinity of transferrin for plutonium at pH 6 is about 104 times stronger than that of iron at pH 6.7 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Sauge-Merle
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire des Interactions Protéine Métal, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - David Lemaire
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire des Interactions Protéine Métal, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Robert W Evans
- Doctor-on-a-Chip Laboratory, Electronic and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Catherine Berthomieu
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Laboratoire des Interactions Protéine Métal, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tolmachev SY, Nielsen CE, Avtandilashvili M, Puncher M, Martinez F, Thomas EM, Miller FL, Morgan WF, Birchall A. The Mayak Worker Dosimetry System (MWDS 2013): Soluble Plutonium Retention in the Lungs of An Occupationally Exposed USTUR Case. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2017; 176:45-49. [PMID: 27288356 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, plutonium retention in human upper airways was investigated based on the dosimetric structure of the human respiratory tract proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). This paper describes analytical work methodology, case selection criteria, and summarizes findings on soluble (ICRP 68 Type M material) plutonium distribution in the lungs of a former nuclear worker occupationally exposed to plutonium nitrate [239Pu(NO3)4]. Thirty-eight years post-intake, plutonium was found to be uniformly distributed between bronchial (BB), bronchiolar (bb) and alveolar-interstitial (AI) dosimetric compartments as well as between the left and right lungs. 239+240Pu and 238Pu total body activity was estimated to be 2333 ± 23 and 42.1 ± 0.7 Bq, respectively. The results of this work provide key information on the extent of plutonium binding in the upper airways of the human respiratory tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tolmachev
- US Transuranium and Uranium Registries, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, 1845 Terminal Drive, Suite 201, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - C E Nielsen
- Mission Support Alliance, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - M Avtandilashvili
- US Transuranium and Uranium Registries, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, 1845 Terminal Drive, Suite 201, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - M Puncher
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, DidcotOX11 0RQ, UK
| | - F Martinez
- US Transuranium and Uranium Registries, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, 1845 Terminal Drive, Suite 201, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - E M Thomas
- US Transuranium and Uranium Registries, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, 1845 Terminal Drive, Suite 201, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - F L Miller
- US Transuranium and Uranium Registries, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, 1845 Terminal Drive, Suite 201, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - W F Morgan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brooks AL. The legacy of William Morgan: The PNNL years. Mutat Res 2017; 806:81-87. [PMID: 28347483 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antone L Brooks
- Washington State University, 6802 West 13th Kennewick, WA 99338, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Van der Meeren A, Moureau A, Laurent D, Laroche P, Angulo JF. In vitro assessment of plutonium uptake and release using the human macrophage-like THP-1 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 37:25-33. [PMID: 27458071 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plutonium (Pu) intake by inhalation is one of the major potential consequences following an accident in the nuclear industry or after improvised nuclear device explosion. Macrophages are essential players in retention and clearance of inhaled compounds. However, the extent to which these phagocytic cells are involved in these processes highly depends on the solubility properties of the Pu deposited in the lungs. Our objectives were to develop an in vitro model representative of the human pulmonary macrophage capacity to internalize and release Pu compounds in presence or not of the chelating drug diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA). The monocyte cell line THP-1 was used after differentiation into macrophage-like cells. We assessed the cellular uptake of various forms of Pu which differ in their solubility, as well as the release of the internalized Pu. Results obtained with differentiated THP-1 cells are in good agreement with data from rat alveolar macrophages and fit well with in vivo data. In both cell types, Pu uptake and release depend upon Pu solubility and in all cases DTPA increases Pu release. The proposed model may provide a good complement to in vivo animal experiments and could be used in a first assessment to predict the fraction of Pu that could be potentially trapped, as well as the fraction available to chelating drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Van der Meeren
- Laboratory of Radio Toxicology, CEA/DRF/iRCM, Bruyères le Châtel, 91297 Arpajon, France.
| | - Agnès Moureau
- Laboratory of Radio Toxicology, CEA/DRF/iRCM, Bruyères le Châtel, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | - David Laurent
- Laboratory of Radio Toxicology, CEA/DRF/iRCM, Bruyères le Châtel, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | - Pierre Laroche
- Direction Health Security Environment & Radioprotection, AREVA, Paris, France
| | - Jaime F Angulo
- Laboratory of Radio Toxicology, CEA/DRF/iRCM, Bruyères le Châtel, 91297 Arpajon, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Giulivi C. Grand challenges in cellular biochemistry: the "next-gen" biochemistry. Front Chem 2014; 2:22. [PMID: 24809045 PMCID: PMC4010732 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, USA
- Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|