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Fucoidan/UVC Combined Treatment Exerts Preferential Antiproliferation in Oral Cancer Cells but Not Normal Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091797. [PMID: 36139871 PMCID: PMC9495684 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined treatment is a promising anticancer strategy for improving antiproliferation compared with a single treatment but is limited by adverse side effects on normal cells. Fucoidan (FN), a brown-algae-derived polysaccharide safe food ingredient, exhibits preferential function for antiproliferation to oral cancer but not normal cells. Utilizing the preferential antiproliferation, the impacts of FN in regulating ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation were assessed in oral cancer cells. A combined treatment (UVC/FN) reduced cell viability of oral cancer cells (Ca9-22 and CAL 27) more than single treatments (FN or UVC), i.e., 53.7%/54.6% vs. 71.2%/91.6%, and 89.2%/79.4%, respectively, while the cell viability of UVC/FN treating on non-malignant oral (S–G) was higher than oral cancer cells, ranging from 106.0 to 108.5%. Mechanistically, UVC/FN preferentially generated higher subG1 accumulation and apoptosis-related inductions (annexin V, caspases 3, 8, and 9) in oral cancer cells than single treatments. UVC/FN preferentially generated higher oxidative stress than single treatments, as evidenced by flow cytometry-detecting reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide, and glutathione. Moreover, UVC/FN preferentially caused more DNA damage (γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine) in oral cancer cells than in single treatments. N-acetylcysteine pretreatment validated the oxidative stress effects in these UVC/FN-induced changes. Taken together, FN effectively enhances UVC-triggered antiproliferation to oral cancer cells. UVC/FN provides a promising potential for preferential and synergistic antiproliferation in antioral cancer therapy.
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Wang SC, Yen CY, Shiau JP, Chang MY, Hou MF, Tang JY, Chang HW. Combined Treatment of Nitrated [6,6,6]Tricycles Derivative (SK2)/Ultraviolet C Highly Inhibits Proliferation in Oral Cancer Cells In Vitro. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051196. [PMID: 35625933 PMCID: PMC9138449 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined treatment is an effective strategy to improve anticancer therapy, but severe side effects frequently limit this application. Drugs inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells, but not normal cells, display preferential antiproliferation to cancer cells. It shows the benefits of avoiding side effects and enhancing antiproliferation for combined treatment. Nitrated [6,6,6]tricycles derivative (SK2), a novel chemical exhibiting benzo-fused dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core with an n-butyloxy substituent, exhibiting preferential antiproliferation, was chosen to evaluate its potential antioral cancer effect in vitro by combining it with ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation. Combination treatment (UVC/SK2) caused lower viability in oral cancer cells (Ca9-22 and OC-2) than single treatment (20 J/m2 UVC or 10 μg/mL SK2), i.e., 42.3%/41.1% vs. 81.6%/69.2%, and 89.5%/79.6%, respectively. In contrast, it showed a minor effect on cell viability of normal oral cells (HGF-1), ranging from 82.2 to 90.6%. Moreover, UVC/SK2 caused higher oxidative stress in oral cancer cells than normal cells through the examination of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide, and mitochondrial membrane potential. UVC/SK2 also caused subG1 increment associated with apoptosis detections by assessing annexin V; panaspase; and caspases 3, 8, and 9. The antiproliferation and oxidative stress were reverted by N-acetylcysteine, validating the involvement of oxidative stress in antioral cancer cells. UVC/SK2 also caused DNA damage by detecting γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in oral cancer cells. In conclusion, SK2 is an effective enhancer for improving the UVC-caused antiproliferation against oral cancer cells in vitro. UVC/SK2 demonstrated a preferential and synergistic antiproliferation ability towards oral cancer cells with little adverse effects on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chieh Wang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Ph.D. Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-C.W.); (M.-F.H.)
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ping Shiau
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan;
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yang Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Ph.D. Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-C.W.); (M.-F.H.)
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan;
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaoshiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +7-886-7-312-1101 (ext. 7158) (J.-Y.T.); +7-886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Ph.D. Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-C.W.); (M.-F.H.)
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +7-886-7-312-1101 (ext. 7158) (J.-Y.T.); +7-886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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3
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Combined Treatment with Cryptocaryone and Ultraviolet C Promotes Antiproliferation and Apoptosis of Oral Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062981. [PMID: 35328402 PMCID: PMC8950770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptocaryone (CPC) was previously reported as preferential for killing natural products in oral cancer cells. However, its radiosensitizing potential combined with ultraviolet C (UVC) cell killing of oral cancer cells remains unclear. This study evaluates the combined anti-proliferation effect and clarifies the mechanism of combined UVC/CPC effects on oral cancer cells. UVC/CPC shows higher anti-proliferation than individual and control treatments in a low cytotoxic environment on normal oral cells. Mechanistically, combined UVC/CPC generates high levels of reactive oxygen species and induces mitochondrial dysfunction by generating mitochondrial superoxide, increasing mitochondrial mass and causing the potential destruction of the mitochondrial membrane compared to individual treatments. Moreover, combined UVC/CPC causes higher G2/M arrest and triggers apoptosis, with greater evidence of cell cycle disturbance, annexin V, pancaspase, caspases 3/7 expression or activity in oral cancer cells than individual treatments. Western blotting further indicates that UVC/CPC induces overexpression for cleaved types of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase 3 more than individual treatments. Additionally, UVC/CPC highly induces γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts as DNA damage in oral cancer cells. Taken together, CPC shows a radiosensitizing anti-proliferation effect on UVC irradiated oral cancer cells with combined effects through oxidative stress, apoptosis and DNA damage.
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Peng SY, Tang JY, Li RN, Huang HW, Wu CY, Chiu CC, Chang FR, Zhang HW, Lee YJ, Sheu JH, Chang HW. Oxidative Stress-Dependent Synergistic Antiproliferation, Apoptosis, and DNA Damage of Ultraviolet-C and Coral-Derived Sinularin Combined Treatment for Oral Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102450. [PMID: 34070049 PMCID: PMC8158103 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined treatment is increasingly used to improve cancer therapy. Non-ionizing radiation ultraviolet-C (UVC) and sinularin, a coral Sinularia flexibilis-derived cembranolide, were separately reported to provide an antiproliferation function to some kinds of cancer cells. However, an antiproliferation function using the combined treatment of UVC/sinularin has not been investigated as yet. This study aimed to examine the combined antiproliferation function and explore the combination of UVC/sinularin in oral cancer cells compared to normal oral cells. Regarding cell viability, UVC/sinularin displays the synergistic and selective killing of two oral cancer cell lines, but remains non-effective for normal oral cell lines compared to treatments in terms of MTS and ATP assays. In tests using the flow cytometry, luminescence, and Western blotting methods, UVC/sinularin-treated oral cancer cells exhibited higher reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial superoxide generation, mitochondrial membrane potential destruction, annexin V, pan-caspase, caspase 3/7, and cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase expressions than that in normal oral cells. Accordingly, oxidative stress and apoptosis are highly induced in a combined UVC/sinularin treatment. Moreover, UVC/sinularin treatment provides higher G2/M arrest and γH2AX/8-hydroxyl-2'deoxyguanosine-detected DNA damages in oral cancer cells than in the separate treatments. A pretreatment can revert all of these changes of UVC/sinularin treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Taken together, UVC/sinularin acting upon oral cancer cells exhibits a synergistic and selective antiproliferation ability involving oxidative stress-dependent apoptosis and cellular DNA damage with low toxic side effects on normal oral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yao Peng
- PhD Program in Life Science, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (R.-N.L.)
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Nian Li
- PhD Program in Life Science, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (R.-N.L.)
| | - Hurng-Wern Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (F.-R.C.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Jou Lee
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (F.-R.C.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Frontier Center for Ocean Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-H.S.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-525-2000 (ext. 5030) (J.-H.S.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- PhD Program in Life Science, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (R.-N.L.)
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-H.S.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-525-2000 (ext. 5030) (J.-H.S.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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Peng SY, Wang YY, Lan TH, Lin LC, Yuan SSF, Tang JY, Chang HW. Low Dose Combined Treatment with Ultraviolet-C and Withaferin a Enhances Selective Killing of Oral Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111120. [PMID: 33202766 PMCID: PMC7697686 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA), a Withania somnifera-derived triterpenoid, is an anticancer natural product. The anticancer effect of nonionizing radiation such as ultraviolet-C (UVC) as well as the combined treatment of UVC and WFA is rarely investigated. Low dose UVC and/or WFA treatments (12 J/m2 and/or 1 μM) were chosen to evaluate antioral cancer cell line effects by examining cytotoxicity, cell cycle disruption, apoptosis induction, and DNA damage. For two cancer cell lines (Ca9-22 and HSC-3), single treatment (UVC or WFA) showed about 80% viability, while a combined treatment of UVC/WFA showed about 40% viability. In contrast, there was noncytotoxicity to normal oral cell lines (HGF-1). Compared to single treatment and control, low dose UVC/WFA shows high inductions of apoptosis in terms of flow cytometric detections for subG1, annexin V, pancaspase changes as well as Western blotting for detecting cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP) and caspase 3 (c-Cas 3) and luciferase assay for detecting Cas 3/7 activity. Low dose UVC/WFA also showed high inductions of oxidative stress and DNA damage in terms of flow cytometric detections of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) generation, and membrane potential (MitoMP) destruction, γH2AX and 8-oxo-2’deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) types of DNA damages. For comparison, low dose UVC/WFA show rare inductions of annexin V, Cas 3/7 activity, ROS, MitoSOX, and MitoMP changes to normal oral HGF-1 cells. Therefore, low dose UVC/WFA provides a novel selectively killing mechanism to oral cancer cells, suggesting that WFA is a UVC sensitizer to inhibit the proliferation of oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yao Peng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Yun Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.W.); (T.-H.L.)
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsun Lan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.W.); (T.-H.L.)
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Chung Hwa University Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Shyng-Shiou F. Yuan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 8105) (J.-Y.T.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 8105) (J.-Y.T.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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Peng SY, Lin LC, Yang ZW, Chang FR, Cheng YB, Tang JY, Chang HW. Combined Treatment with Low Cytotoxic Ethyl Acetate Nepenthes Extract and Ultraviolet-C Improves Antiproliferation to Oral Cancer Cells via Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090876. [PMID: 32948007 PMCID: PMC7555961 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet-C (UVC) irradiation provides an alternative radiotherapy to X-ray. UVC sensitizer from natural products may improve radiotherapy at low cytotoxic side effects. The aim of this study is to assess the regulation for oral cancer cell proliferation by a combined treatment of UVC and our previously reported anti-oral cancer natural product (ethyl acetate extract of Nepenthes adrianii × clipeata; EANA). The detailed possible UVC sensitizing mechanisms of EANA such as effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA damage are investigated individually and in combination using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTS) assay, flow cytometry, and western blotting at low dose conditions. In a 24 h MTS assay, the low dose EANA (5 μg/mL) and low dose UVC (12 J/m2) individually show 80% and combinedly 57% cell proliferation in oral cancer Ca9-22 cells; but no cytotoxicity to normal oral HGF-1 cells. Mechanistically, low dose EANA and low dose UVC individually induce apoptosis (subG1 accumulation, pancaspase activation, and caspases 3, 8, 9), oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide, and mitochondrial membrane potential depletion), and DNA damage (γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine). Moreover, the combined treatment (UVC/EANA) synergistically induces these changes. Combined low dose treatment-induced antiproliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage were suppressed by the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine. In conclusion, UVC/EANA shows synergistic antiproliferation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage to oral cancer cells in an oxidative stress-dependent manner. With the selective killing properties of low dose EANA and low dose UVC, EANA provides a novel UVC sensitizing agent to improve the anti-oral cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yao Peng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Z.-W.Y.)
| | - Li-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Zhe-Wei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Z.-W.Y.)
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (F.-R.C.); (Y.-B.C.)
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (F.-R.C.); (Y.-B.C.)
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 8105) (J.-Y.T.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (S.-Y.P.); (Z.-W.Y.)
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 8105) (J.-Y.T.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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Combined Treatment of Sulfonyl Chromen-4-Ones (CHW09) and Ultraviolet-C (UVC) Enhances Proliferation Inhibition, Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, and DNA Damage against Oral Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176443. [PMID: 32899415 PMCID: PMC7504536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitizing effect of chromone-derived compounds on UVC-induced proliferation inhibition has not been comprehensively investigated so far. The subject of this study was to examine the proliferation change of oral cancer cells while using the combined treatment of UVC (254 nm) with our previously developed sulfonyl chromen-4-ones (CHW09), namely UVC/CHW09. Cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage for the individual and combined treatments for UVC and/or CHW09 were examined in oral cancer Ca9-22 cells. In 24 h MTS assay, UVC (30 J/m2; UVC30), or CHW09 (25 and 50 µg/mL; namely, CHW09-25 and CHW09-50) show 54%, 59%, and 45% viability. The combined treatment (UVC30/CHW09-25 and UVC30/CHW09-50) show lower cell viability (45% and 35%). Mechanistically, UVC/CHW09 induced higher apoptosis than individual treatments and untreated control, which were supported by the evidence of flow cytometry for subG1, annexin V/7-aminoactinomycin D, pancaspase and caspases 3/7 activity, and western blotting for cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Moreover, this cleaved PARP expression was downregulated by pancaspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. UVC/CHW09 showed higher oxidative stress than individual treatments and untreated control in terms of flow cytometry for reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial mass. Furthermore, UVC/CHW09 showed higher DNA damage than individual treatments and untreated control in terms of flow cytometry for H2A histone family member X and 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine. In conclusion, combined treatment UVC/CHW09 suppresses proliferation, and promotes apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage against oral cancer cells, providing a novel application of sulfonyl chromen-4-ones in order to sensitize UVC induced proliferation inhibition for oral cancer therapy.
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Tang JY, Yu TJ, Lin LC, Peng SY, Wang CL, Ou-Yang F, Cheng YB, Chang HW. Ethyl acetate extracts of Nepenthes ventricosa x sibuyanensis leaves cause growth inhibition against oral cancer cells via oxidative stress. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5227-5239. [PMID: 31308694 PMCID: PMC6614826 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s190460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The genus Nepenthes of the pitcher plants contains several natural and hybrid species that are commonly used in herbal medicine in several countries, but its possible use in cancer applications remains unknown as yet. Methods: In this study, we investigated the antioral cancer properties using ethyl acetate extracts of the Nepenthes hybrid (Nepenthes ventricosa x sibuyanensis), namely EANS. The bioactivity was detected by a MTS-based cell proliferation assay and flow cytometric or Western blot analysis for apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Results: Treatment for 24 hrs of EANS inhibited all three types of oral cancer cells that were tested (Ca9-22, CAL 27, and SCC9), with just a small difference to normal oral cells (HGF-1). This antiproliferation was inhibited by pretreatments with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and the apoptosis inhibitor (Z-VAD). EANS treatment increased the subG1 population and it also dose- and time-dependently induced annexin V- and pancaspase-detected apoptosis as well as cleaved caspases 3 and 9 overexpressions in the oral cancer cells (Ca9-22). After EANS treatment of Ca9-22 cells, intracellular ROS and mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) were overexpressed and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was disrupted. Moreover, DNA damages such as γH2AX and 8-oxo-2ʹ-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) were increased after EANS treatment to Ca9-22 cells. The EANS-induced effects (namely, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage) were suppressed by ROS scavenger. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that EANS inhibits ROS-mediated proliferation against oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yao Peng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 30062, Taiwan
| | - Fu Ou-Yang
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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9
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Tang JY, Shu CW, Wang CL, Wang SC, Chang MY, Lin LC, Chang HW. Sulfonyl chromen-4-ones (CHW09) shows an additive effect to inhibit cell growth of X-ray irradiated oral cancer cells, involving apoptosis and ROS generation. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1226-1235. [PMID: 31141432 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1625490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study evaluates the growth inhibiting potential of our previously described sulfonyl chromen-4-ones (CHW09) compound in X-ray irradiated oral cancer cells. Materials and methods: The growth inhibiting effect and mechanism of combined CHW09/X-ray treatment was examined by analyzing cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and DNA damage. Results: Individual treatments of CHW09 (10 μg/mL) and X-ray irradiation (12 Gy) slightly decreased cell viability of oral cancer Ca9-22 (87.25% and 86.54%) and CAL 27 (80.00% and 74.01%) cells and normal oral HGF-1 cells (92.76% and 87.56%) at 24 h-MTS assay, respectively. In a combined treatment (CHW09/X-ray), the cell viability in Ca9-22 and CAL 27 cells was significantly decreased to 73.48% and 59.07%, whereas HGF-1 cells maintained 84.97% viability in 24 h-MTS assay. For CAL 27 cells, both 72 h-MTS assay and clonogenic assay showed that CHW09/X-ray resulted in more growth inhibition than other treatments. Intracellular ROS levels of CHW09/X-ray were higher than for CHW09, X-ray and control. CHW09/X-ray and X-ray alone had higher G2/M arrest than the control and CHW09 alone. Moreover, flow cytometry and western blotting showed that CHW09/X-ray treatment caused higher apoptosis levels. Levels of H2A histone family member X (γH2AX)-based DNA damage and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG)-oxidative DNA damage of CHW09/X-ray were higher than for CHW09, X-ray and control. Conclusion: CHW09/X-ray treatment had additive growth inhibiting effects against X-ray irradiated oral cancer cells, partly attributing to apoptosis and ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Bioresource Collection and Research Center , Hsinchu , Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Wang
- PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yang Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center , Tainan , Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan.,Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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10
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Caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by two synthetic halogenated flavanones, 3′,7-dichloroflavanone and 3′,6-dichloroflavanone, on human breast and prostate cancer cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2017; 54:136-146. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Chang HW, Li RN, Wang HR, Liu JR, Tang JY, Huang HW, Chan YH, Yen CY. Withaferin A Induces Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis and DNA Damage in Oral Cancer Cells. Front Physiol 2017; 8:634. [PMID: 28936177 PMCID: PMC5594071 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA) is one of the most active steroidal lactones with reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulating effects against several types of cancer. ROS regulation involves selective killing. However, the anticancer and selective killing effects of WFA against oral cancer cells remain unclear. We evaluated whether the killing ability of WFA is selective, and we explored its mechanism against oral cancer cells. An MTS tetrazolium cell proliferation assay confirmed that WFA selectively killed two oral cancer cells (Ca9-22 and CAL 27) rather than normal oral cells (HGF-1). WFA also induced apoptosis of Ca9-22 cells, which was measured by flow cytometry for subG1 percentage, annexin V expression, and pan-caspase activity, as well as western blotting for caspases 1, 8, and 9 activations. Flow cytometry analysis shows that WFA-treated Ca9-22 oral cancer cells induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and phosphorylated histone H2A.X (γH2AX)-based DNA damage. Moreover, pretreating Ca9-22 cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) rescued WFA-induced selective killing, apoptosis, G2/M arrest, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. We conclude that WFA induced oxidative stress-mediated selective killing of oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Nian Li
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ru Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ru Liu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung HospitalKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hurng-Wern Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Chi-Mei Medical CenterTainan, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
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