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Marefati N, Ghorani V, Shakeri F, Boskabady M, Kianian F, Rezaee R, Boskabady MH. A review of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of Allium cepa and its main constituents. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:287-302. [PMID: 33645419 PMCID: PMC7919894 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1874028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Allium cepa L. (Liliaceae), known as onion, is consumed throughout the world. Onion and its derivatives including saponins, aglycones, quercetin, cepaenes, flavonoids, organosulfurs, and phenolic compounds, showed various pharmacological properties and therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVE Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of A. cepa and its main constituents, along with the underlying molecular mechanisms are presented. METHODS Databases including, Web of Knowledge, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were checked for articles published between 1996 and the end of July 2020, using the key-words Allium cepa, quercetin, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory. RESULTS A. cepa and its constituents mainly quercetin showed anti-inflammatory effects mediated via reduction of total and differential WBC counts, inhibition of chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, COX, and LOX pathways and prevented formation of leukotrienes and thromboxanes, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as onVCAM-1, NF-κB, MARK,d STAT-1, JNK, p38 and osteoclastogenesis. A. cepa and its derivatives showed antioxidant effect by decreasing lipid peroxidation, NAD(P)H, MDA, NO, LPO and eNOS but enhancing antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, GSPO, TrxR, SDH, GST and GR activities and thiol level. Immunomodulatory effects of the plant and quercetin was also shown by reduction of Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 as well as IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1β and TNF-α and IgE levels, but increased CD4 cells, IFN-γ level and IFN-γ/IL4 ratio (Th1/Th2 balance). CONCLUSIONS The effect of onion and its constituents on oxidative stress, inflammatory and immune system were shown indicating their therapeutic value in treatment of various diseases associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune-dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Marefati
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahideh Ghorani
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shakeri
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Marzie Boskabady
- Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Kianian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- CONTACT Mohammad Hosein Boskabady Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Banihani SA. Testosterone in Males as Enhanced by Onion ( Allium Cepa L.). Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9020075. [PMID: 30795630 PMCID: PMC6406961 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone (17β-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) is the main sex hormone in males. Maintaining and enhancing testosterone level in men is an incessant target for many researchers. Examples of such research approaches is to utilize specific types of food or dietary supplements as a safe and easily reached means. Here, specifically, since 1967 until now, many research studies have revealed the effect of onion on testosterone; however, this link has yet to be collectively reviewed or summarized. To accomplish this contribution, we searched the Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases for full articles or abstracts (published in English language) from April 1967 through December 2018 using the keywords “onion” versus “testosterone”. In addition, a number of related published articles from the same databases were included to improve the integrity of the discussion, and hence the edge of the future directions. In summary, there is an evidence that onions enhance testosterone level in males. The mechanisms by which this occurs is mainly by increasing the production of luteinizing hormone, enhancing the antioxidant defense mechanism in the tests, neutralizing the damaging effects of the generated free radicals, ameliorating insulin resistance, promoting nitric oxide production, and altering the activity of adenosine 5′-monophosphate -activated protein kinase. However, this effect requires further approval in humans, mainly by conducting clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ali Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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Rachkeeree A, Kantadoung K, Suksathan R, Puangpradab R, Page PA, Sommano SR. Nutritional Compositions and Phytochemical Properties of the Edible Flowers from Selected Zingiberaceae Found in Thailand. Front Nutr 2018; 5:3. [PMID: 29450200 PMCID: PMC5799243 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutritional compositions and phytochemical properties of eight edible flowers of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) commonly found in Thailand are reported herein. The plant genera investigated were Zingiber (Ginger, Phlai Dam, Krathue), Hedychium (two morphological filament forms), Curcuma (Ao), Etlingera (Torch ginger), Amomum (Chi Kuk), and Alpinia (Galangal), which are eaten fresh or cooked as ingredients in the preparation of many Thai dishes. The proximate compositions (moisture, ash, fiber, protein, fat, and carbohydrate contents) varied among the different genera. The plants sampled were generally low in fat content (<1%), which contributed as little as 30% of the total caloric energy. Edible plant parts contained substantially high amounts of potassium (max. 737.21 mg/100 g), calcium (max. 140.15 mg/100 g), and iron (~0.32 mg/100 g). Among the tested samples, torch ginger had the highest vitamin C content (1.05 mg/100 g), total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, as well as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl activity. On the other hand, the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay suggested that Hedychium species possessed the highest antioxidant activity (~5.38 mg TEAC/g extract). Our results prove that edible plants of the Zingiberaceae family found in Thailand are rich sources of potentially important nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apinya Rachkeeree
- Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, The Botanical Garden Organization, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kuttiga Kantadoung
- Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, The Botanical Garden Organization, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ratchuporn Suksathan
- Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, The Botanical Garden Organization, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Paul Alexander Page
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Alejo-Armijo A, Altarejos J, Salido S. Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Laurel Tree (Laurus nobilis). Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the chemical composition reported up to date on Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae), an evergreen shrub or tree cultivated for its aromatic leaves and ornamental interest. It has been focused on non-volatile phytochemicals such as sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, among others. Moreover, biological activities of laurel extracts and pure compounds have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Alejo-Armijo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Joaquín Altarejos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Sofía Salido
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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Mahfoudhi A, Grosso C, Gonçalves RF, Khelifi E, Hammami S, Achour S, Trabelsi-Ayadi M, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Mighri Z. Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase, and Antidiabetic Potential of Dry Leaves and Stems in Tamarix aphylla
Growing Wild in Tunisia. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:1747-1755. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Mahfoudhi
- Research Unit of Applied Chemistry and Environment (UR13ES63); Faculty of Sciences of Monastir; Avenue de l'Environnement 5019 Monastir Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte; University of Carthage; Carthage Tunisia
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química; Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto; Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Rui F. Gonçalves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química; Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto; Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Eltaief Khelifi
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LR05ES08); National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology; 2 Boulevard de la Terre, B.P. 676 1080 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Saoussen Hammami
- Research Unit of Applied Chemistry and Environment (UR13ES63); Faculty of Sciences of Monastir; Avenue de l'Environnement 5019 Monastir Tunisia
| | - Sami Achour
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Integrative Biology and Valorization, (LR14ES06); Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir; Avenue Tahar Hadded, B. P. 74 5000 Monastir Tunisia
| | - Malika Trabelsi-Ayadi
- Applications Laboratory of Chemical and Natural Resources and Environment (LR05ES09); Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte; 7021 Jarzouna Tunisia
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química; Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto; Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Paula B. Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química; Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto; Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Zine Mighri
- Research Unit of Applied Chemistry and Environment (UR13ES63); Faculty of Sciences of Monastir; Avenue de l'Environnement 5019 Monastir Tunisia
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Jeyabalan J, Aqil F, Soper L, Schultz DJ, Gupta RC. Potent Chemopreventive/Antioxidant Activity Detected in Common Spices of the Apiaceae Family. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:1201-7. [PMID: 26381237 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1075051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spices are used worldwide, particularly in the Asian and Middle Eastern countries, and considered protective against degenerative diseases, including cancer. Here, we report the efficacy of aqueous and non-aqueous extracts of 11 Apiaceae spices for free radical-scavenging activity and to inhibit cytochrome P450s in two separate reactions involving: 1) 4-hydroxy-17ß-estradiol (4E2), DNA, and CuCl2 and 2) 17ß-estradiol, rat liver microsomes, cofactors, DNA and CuCl2. Oxidative DNA adducts resulting from redox cycling of 4E2 were analyzed by (32)P-postlabeling. Aqueous (5 mg/ml) and non-aqueous extracts (6 mg/ml) substantially inhibited (83-98%) formation of DNA adducts in the microsomal reaction. However, in nonmicrosomal reaction, only aqueous extracts showed the inhibitory activity (83-96%). Adduct inhibition was also observed at five-fold lower concentrations of aqueous extracts of cumin (60%) and caraway (90%), and 10-fold lower concentrations of carrot seeds (76%) and ajowan (90%). These results suggests the presence of 2 groups of phytochemicals: polar compounds that have free radical-scavenging activity and lipophilic compounds that selectively inhibit P450 activity associated with estrogen metabolism. Because most of these Apiaceae spices are used widely with no known toxicity, the phytochemicals from the Apiaceae spices used in foods may be potentially protective against estrogen-mediated breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyaprakash Jeyabalan
- a James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
| | - Farrukh Aqil
- b James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Medicine , University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
| | - Lisa Soper
- a James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
| | - David J Schultz
- c Department of Biology , University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
| | - Ramesh C Gupta
- d James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
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Lee KP, Lee K, Park WH, Kim H, Hong H. Piperine inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced proliferation and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Med Food 2014; 18:208-15. [PMID: 25384161 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in blood vessels are important in the pathogenesis of vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. Piperine, a major component of black pepper, has antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activity. However, the antiatherosclerotic effects of piperine have not been investigated. In this study, the effects of piperine on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs were investigated. The antiproliferative effects of piperine were determined using MTT assays, cell counting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blots. Our results showed that piperine significantly attenuated the proliferation of VSMCs by increasing the expression of p27(kip1), regulating the mRNA expression of cell cycle enzymes (cyclin D, cyclin E, and PCNA), and decreasing the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 in a noncytotoxic concentration-dependent manner (30-100 μM). Moreover, we examined the effects of piperine on the migration of PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs, as determined by the Boyden chamber assay, H2DCFDA staining, and western blots. Our results showed that 100 μM piperine decreased cell migration, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and phosphorylation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Taken together, our results suggest that piperine inhibits PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and the migration of VSMCs by inducing cell cycle arrest and suppressing MAPK phosphorylation and ROS. These findings suggest that piperine may be beneficial for the treatment of vascular-related disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Pa Lee
- 1 Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, Korea
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Thongrakard V, Ruangrungsi N, Ekkapongpisit M, Isidoro C, Tencomnao T. Protection from UVB Toxicity in Human Keratinocytes by Thailand Native Herbs Extracts. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:214-24. [PMID: 23931284 DOI: 10.1111/php.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thai traditional medicine employs a wide range of indigenous herbs in the forms of tincture or tea for the cure of skin and systemic inflammatory diseases. The protection by Thai plants extracts against UVB DNA damage and cytotoxicity was investigated in human keratinocytes. Petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethanol extracts were prepared from 15 Thai herb species, and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, the antioxidant and UV-absorbing properties were assessed by standard procedures. Cytoprotective effects were evaluated on the basis of cell survival, caspase-3 activity and pyrimidine dimers determination. High total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found in the ethanol and dichloromethane fractions. Dichloromethane extract of turmeric was shown to possess the highest antioxidant activity. The maximum UV absorptions were found in the ethanol extract of turmeric and in the dichloromethane extract of ginger. These extracts stimulated the synthesis of Thioredoxin 1, an antioxidant protein, and could protect human HaCaT keratinocytes from UV-induced DNA damage and cytotoxicity. The present data support the utilization of turmeric and ginger extracts in anti-UV cosmetic pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visa Thongrakard
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratorio di Patologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Nijsiri Ruangrungsi
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maneerat Ekkapongpisit
- Laboratorio di Patologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratorio di Patologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Center for Excellence in Omics-Nano Medical Technology Development Project, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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