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Chiorcea-Paquim AM, Enache TA, De Souza Gil E, Oliveira-Brett AM. Natural phenolic antioxidants electrochemistry: Towards a new food science methodology. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1680-1726. [PMID: 33337087 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural phenolic compounds are abundant in the vegetable kingdom, occurring mainly as secondary metabolites in a wide variety of chemical structures. Around 10,000 different plant phenolic derivatives have been isolated and identified. This review provides an exhaustive overview concerning the electron transfer reactions in natural polyphenols, from the point of view of their in vitro antioxidant and/or pro-oxidant mode of action, as well as their identification in highly complex matrixes, for example, fruits, vegetables, wine, food supplements, relevant for food quality control, nutrition, and health research. The accurate assessment of polyphenols' redox behavior is essential, and the application of the electrochemical methods in routine quality control of natural products and foods, where the polyphenols antioxidant activity needs to be quantified in vitro, is of the utmost importance. The phenol moiety oxidation pathways and the effect of substituents and experimental conditions on their electrochemical behavior will be reviewed. The fundamental principles concerning the redox behavior of natural polyphenols, specifically flavonoids and other benzopyran derivatives, phenolic acids and ester derivatives, quinones, lignins, tannins, lignans, essential oils, stilbenes, curcuminoids, and chalcones, will be described. The final sections will focus on the electroanalysis of phenolic antioxidants in natural products and the electroanalytical evaluation of in vitro total antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teodor Adrian Enache
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Eric De Souza Gil
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-535, Portugal.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
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Baranowska-Wójcik E, Szwajgier D, Winiarska-Mieczan A. Regardless of the Brewing Conditions, Various Types of Tea are a Source of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030709. [PMID: 32155927 PMCID: PMC7146204 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized, among others, by abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the brain. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays a significant role in the process through hydrolysis of the acetylcholine neurotransmitter. Currently, the main method for treatment of AD at a symptomatic stage entails administration of AChE inhibitors to patients diagnosed with the disease. However, it is also possible to take certain steps to treat AD by delivering inhibitors with food. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that tea (Camellia sinensis) shows numerous beneficial properties, including improving cognitive abilities. This is particularly important in the case of AD patients. The study assessed the impact of brewing conditions on the inhibition of AChE activity observed in tea extracts (black, white, or fruit). Our study revealed that neither temperature nor time of brewing influenced the respective infusions’ ability to inhibit the activity of AChE. Anticholinesterase activity was observed in most of the different types of tea that were analyzed, with the highest rate of inhibition (30.46%–48.54%) evidenced in the Biofix Tea Wild Strawberry brand. The results of our research show that tea may be used as a rich source of cholinesterase inhibitors which play a significant role in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 8 Skromna Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (E.B.-W.); (D.S.); Tel.: +48-81-462-33-94 (E.B.-W.); +48-81-462-33-68 (D.S.)
| | - Dominik Szwajgier
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 8 Skromna Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (E.B.-W.); (D.S.); Tel.: +48-81-462-33-94 (E.B.-W.); +48-81-462-33-68 (D.S.)
| | - Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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Pisoschi AM, Pop A, Cimpeanu C, Predoi G. Antioxidant Capacity Determination in Plants and Plant-Derived Products: A Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9130976. [PMID: 28044094 PMCID: PMC5164913 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9130976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present paper aims at reviewing and commenting on the analytical methods applied to antioxidant and antioxidant capacity assessment in plant-derived products. Aspects related to oxidative stress, reactive oxidative species' influence on key biomolecules, and antioxidant benefits and modalities of action are discussed. Also, the oxidant-antioxidant balance is critically discussed. The conventional and nonconventional extraction procedures applied prior to analysis are also presented, as the extraction step is of pivotal importance for isolation and concentration of the compound(s) of interest before analysis. Then, the chromatographic, spectrometric, and electrochemical methods for antioxidant and antioxidant capacity determination in plant-derived products are detailed with respect to their principles, characteristics, and specific applications. Peculiarities related to the matrix characteristics and other factors influencing the method's performances are discussed. Health benefits of plants and derived products are described, as indicated in the original source. Finally, critical and conclusive aspects are given when it comes to the choice of a particular extraction procedure and detection method, which should consider the nature of the sample, prevalent antioxidant/antioxidant class, and the mechanism underlying each technique. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed for each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aneta Pop
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Cimpeanu
- Faculty of Land Reclamation and Environmental Engineering, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Predoi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
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de Oliveira CC, Calado VMDA, Ares G, Granato D. Statistical Approaches to Assess the Association between Phenolic Compounds and the in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Camellia sinensis and Ilex paraguariensis Teas. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1456-73. [PMID: 24918265 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.750233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tea presents a diverse phenolic composition which is responsible for its alleged biological activities, including the in vivo and in vitro antioxidant capacity. It is very usual to find researches applying statistical methods, such as analysis of variances (ANOVA) and linear Pearson correlation coefficients to analyze the strength of correlation between phenolic composition and the in vitro antioxidant activity of teas from Camellia sinensis (green, black, white, oolong, red, and yellow teas) and Ilex paraguariensis (Yerba-mate), which are the most produced and consumed types of teas. However, evidence has shown that these approaches are not as suitable as multivariate statistical methods once they do not depict nor show association among all results and variables simultaneously, making it difficult to understand clearly the data structure and patterns. Then, the objective of this work is to review and explain some univariate/bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques used to assess the association between phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant activity of green, white, black, red, yellow, oolong and Yerba-mate teas. Moreover, this paper provides an overview on some assays used to estimate the in vitro antioxidant capacity of teas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cardoso de Oliveira
- a Instituto Adolfo Lutz- Núcleo de Análise e Tratamento de Dados-Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, 01246-902 , São Paulo , Brazil
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Pisoschi AM, Cimpeanu C, Predoi G. Electrochemical Methods for Total Antioxidant Capacity and its Main Contributors Determination: A review. OPEN CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2015-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackround: The present review focuses on electrochemical methods for antioxidant capacity and its main contributors assessment. The main reactive oxygen species, responsible for low density lipoprotein oxidation, and their reactivity are reminded. The role of antioxidants in counteracting the factors leading to oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases occurence, is then discussed. Antioxidants can scavenge free radicals, can chelate pro-oxidative metal ions, or quench singlet oxygen. When endogenous factors (uric acid, bilirubin, albumin, metallothioneins, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase) cannot accomplish their protective role against reactive oxygen species, the intervention of exogenous antioxidants (vitamin C, tocopherols, flavonoids, carotenoids etc) is required, as intake from food, as nutritional supplements or as pharmaceutical products.Literature study: The main advantages of electrochemical methods with respect to traditional, more laborious instrumental techniques are described: sensitivity, rapidity, simplicity of the applied analytical procedure which does not require complicated sample pre-treatment etc.The paper reviews minutiously the voltammetric, amperometric, biamperometric, potentiometric and coulometric methods for total antioxidant capacity estimation. For each method presented, the electroactivity and the mechanism of electro-oxidation of antioxidant molecules at various electrodes, as well as the influences on the electroactive properties are discussed. The characteristics of the developed methods are viewed from the perspective of the antioxidant molecule structure influence, as well as from the importance of electrode material and/or surface groups standpoint.The antioxidant molecule-electrode surface interaction, the detection system chosen, the use of modifiers, as well as the nature of the analysed matrix are the factors discussed, which influence the performances of the studied electrochemical techniques.Conclusions: The electrochemical methods reviewed in this paper allow the successful determination of the total antioxidant capacity and of its main contributors in various media: foodstuffs and beverages, biological fluids, pharmaceuticals. The advantages and disadvantages of the electrochemical methods applied to antioxidant content and antioxidant activity assay are treated and interpreted, in the case of various analysed matrixes. Combining advanced materials with classical electrode construction, provides viable results and can constitute an alternative for the future.
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Gong J, Xia D, Huang J, Ge Q, Mao J, Liu S, Zhang Y. Functional components of bamboo shavings and bamboo leaf extracts and their antioxidant activities in vitro. J Med Food 2014; 18:453-9. [PMID: 25394178 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to detect characteristic compounds and evaluate the free radical scavenging capacity of the bamboo leaves extract and bamboo shavings extract (BSE). The antioxidant capacity of bamboo leaf n-butanol fraction (AOB) exhibited the highest total phenolic content (49.93%), total flavonoids content (24.11%), and characteristic flavonoids and phenolic acids, such as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, orientin, homoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin. Available data obtained with in vitro models suggested that AOB had higher free radical scavenging capacity with IC(50) values of 1.04, 4.48, 5.37, and 1.12 μg/mL on DPPH(•), O(2)(•-), (•)OH, and H(2)O(2), respectively, than the other two extracts, bamboo leaf water extract and BSE. The results indicated that the extracts from different parts of the bamboo possess excellent antioxidant activity, which can be used potentially as a readily accessible and valuable bioactive source of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Gong
- 1 Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology , Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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