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Hampel D, Islam MM, Shahab-Ferdows S, Allen LH. Human milk macro- and trace-elements: Simultaneous analysis in sub-milliliter amounts by ICP-MS and application to assessing acute supplementation effects. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34709. [PMID: 39224275 PMCID: PMC11366895 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Adequate concentrations of human milk (HM) nutrients, including macro- and trace-elements, are essential for healthy growth and development of exclusively breastfed (EBF) infants. To monitor potential risk of deficiencies, and evaluate the effects of interventions like supplementation, accurate analysis is crucial. Even recent methods reporting on HM macro- and/or trace-elements describe multiple methodological approaches and the need for several milliliters. We optimized and validated a comprehensive method for simultaneous analysis of 13 macro- and trace-elements for simultaneous analysis by inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. 100-600 μL HM were microwave digested with ≤1.5 mL HNO3 (70 %). The digest was diluted to 5 % final acid concentration. He-Kinetic Energy Discrimination (KED; Na, K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mo) and O2-Dynamic Reaction Cell (DRC; As, Mn, Se) modes minimized remaining interferences. Accuracy (NIST SRM 1869 infant formula; n = 15, 4 weeks) varied from 93.2 to 103 % (CV: 2.8-8.5 %) with trueness ranging from 93.9 to 104 %. Inter-day variation of a HM-pool (n = 20, 3 weeks) varied between 4.1 and 8.5 % for most elements; Cr, Mo, Mn (all<5 μg L-1) had higher variation, up to 25 %. Analyzing HM from 18 Bangladeshi mothers (2-4 months postpartum; day 1 = baseline, n = 17; day 2/3 = supplementation, n = 21 each) revealed higher concentrations for P, Ca, and Zn post-supplementation (p < 0.05, Friedman's Chi-Square Test). Na, Mg, Zn, and Se had the highest number of samples (>80 %) with concentrations below the Adequate Intake. Our method allows for simultaneous and reproducible analysis of macro- and trace-elements with concentrations ranging over 6 orders of magnitude, without the need for separate analytics and sample preparations, and requiring only sub-milliliter amounts of HM. Additional elements may be included after optimization and validation. The results from Bangladeshi HM samples indicate selective supplementation effects and concerningly low concentrations for some elements, which could adversely affect the EBF infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hampel
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- USDA, ARS-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - M. Munirul Islam
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | - Lindsay H. Allen
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- USDA, ARS-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Pena A, Duarte S, Pereira AMPT, Silva LJG, Laranjeiro CSM, Oliveira M, Lino C, Morais S. Human Biomonitoring of Selected Hazardous Compounds in Portugal: Part I-Lessons Learned on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Metals, Metalloids, and Pesticides. Molecules 2021; 27:242. [PMID: 35011472 PMCID: PMC8746698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human biomonitoring (HBM) data provide information on total exposure regardless of the route and sources of exposure. HBM studies have been applied to quantify human exposure to contaminants and environmental/occupational pollutants by determining the parent compounds, their metabolites or even their reaction products in biological matrices. HBM studies performed among the Portuguese population are disperse and limited. To overcome this knowledge gap, this review gathers, for the first time, the published Portuguese HBM information concerning polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, metalloids, and pesticides concentrations detected in the urine, serum, milk, hair, and nails of different groups of the Portuguese population. This integrative insight of available HBM data allows the analysis of the main determinants and patterns of exposure of the Portuguese population to these selected hazardous compounds, as well as assessment of the potential health risks. Identification of the main difficulties and challenges of HBM through analysis of the enrolled studies was also an aim. Ultimately, this study aimed to support national and European policies promoting human health and summarizes the most important outcomes and lessons learned through the HBM studies carried out in Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Pena
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.P.); (A.M.P.T.P.); (L.J.G.S.); (C.S.M.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Sofia Duarte
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.P.); (A.M.P.T.P.); (L.J.G.S.); (C.S.M.L.); (C.L.)
- Centro de Investigação Vasco da Gama-Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes, Campus Universitário-Bloco B, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André M. P. T. Pereira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.P.); (A.M.P.T.P.); (L.J.G.S.); (C.S.M.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Liliana J. G. Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.P.); (A.M.P.T.P.); (L.J.G.S.); (C.S.M.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Célia S. M. Laranjeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.P.); (A.M.P.T.P.); (L.J.G.S.); (C.S.M.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Marta Oliveira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (M.O.); (S.M.)
| | - Celeste Lino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.P.); (A.M.P.T.P.); (L.J.G.S.); (C.S.M.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Simone Morais
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (M.O.); (S.M.)
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Cherkani-Hassani A, Slaoui M, Ghanname I, Mojemmi B, Eljaoudi R, Belhaj A, Kers B, Flayou M, Mouane N. Lead concentrations in breast milk of Moroccan nursing mothers and associated factors of exposure: CONTAMILK STUDY. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:103629. [PMID: 33684565 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of CONTAMILK study was to estimate levels of contamination of breast milk (BM) of Moroccan nursing mothers by some xenobiotics including, lead (Pb), to identify associated factors of exposure and to determine the daily intake of newborns. Lead concentrations were determined in 70 samples of colostrum by ICPMS and a structured questionnaire was filled during milk collection to report participants' data. The median lead concentration was 908 μg/L (range 1.38-515,39 μg/L) and in 79 % of samples, levels were higher than the normal range reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) in BM (2-5 μg/L). Indeed, preterm delivery, frequency of use of cosmetic powders and lipsticks were significantly associated with the level of lead in BM. The estimated daily intake was greater than the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of the European food safety authority (0.5 μg/kg/day) for 39 babies and 6 babies according to the WHO (3.6 μg/kg/day).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Cherkani-Hassani
- Unit of training and research in Nutrition and Food Science. Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco; Laboratory of analytical chemistry and food science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
| | | | - Imane Ghanname
- Team research of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Morocco; Faculty of health sciences, International University of Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Brahim Mojemmi
- Laboratory of analytical chemistry and food science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Eljaoudi
- Laboratory of pharmacology and toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Belhaj
- Laboratory of Quality Control of Waters, National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water (ONEE), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Brahim Kers
- Laboratory of Quality Control of Waters, National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water (ONEE), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Majda Flayou
- Laboratory of Quality Control of Waters, National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water (ONEE), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nezha Mouane
- Unit of training and research in Nutrition and Food Science. Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco; Department of Pediatric, Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition PIII-Children's Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
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Cherkani-Hassani A, Slaoui M, Ghanname I, Mojemmi B, Belhaj A, Kers B, Flayou M, Mouane N. Cadmium Contamination in Breast Milk of Moroccan Lactating Women and the Associated Factors: CONTAMILK Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:47-59. [PMID: 31654257 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess levels of contamination of breast milk (BM) by cadmium (Cd) among lactating mothers from Rabat, Morocco, and to investigate its association with several maternal habits, parameters, and factors. In addition, to estimate the daily intake of the newborns. Cd concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in 70 human milk samples collected between the 2nd and 5th day postpartum. Accuracy of the analysis was checked by various methods including the use of reference material. A structured questionnaire was filled during the collection of milk reporting data concerning anthropometric, sociodemographic parameters, dietary and cosmetic habits, etc. The median (range) of Cd in human milk was 0.49 μg/L (range 0.013-95.19 μg/L) respectively. In 21 (30%) of 70 samples, Cd levels were higher than the normal reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) in BM (< 1 μg/L). Indeed, several factors affect significantly Cd levels in BM of the mothers such as low maternal education level, preterm delivery, cesarean delivery, and area of residence. Also, the frequency of consumption of milk and dairy products as well dried fruits and wheat bread and the frequency of use of cosmetic powders. However, the daily intake of cadmium by the newborns was lower than tolerable daily intake of the WHO for 97% of them. Our results revealed low cadmium concentrations in human milk samples from Moroccan lactating mothers living in Rabat, also the association of some factors with the levels of contamination found in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Cherkani-Hassani
- Unit of Training and Research in Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
| | | | - Imane Ghanname
- Team Research of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Health Sciences, International University of Casablanca, Bouskoura, Morocco
| | - Brahim Mojemmi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Belhaj
- Laboratory of Quality Control of Waters, National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water (ONEE), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Brahim Kers
- Laboratory of Quality Control of Waters, National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water (ONEE), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Majda Flayou
- Laboratory of Quality Control of Waters, National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water (ONEE), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nezha Mouane
- Unit of Training and Research in Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Pediatric, Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition PIII, Children's Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
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Cherkani-Hassani A, Ghanname I, Benitez-Rexach AM, Mouane N. Systematic Review of the Literature of Factors Affecting the Exposure and the Levels of Lead in Human Breast Milk. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 252:97-129. [PMID: 31346776 DOI: 10.1007/398_2019_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human milk may sometimes contain chemical contaminants, which could have adverse effects on neonates or nursing infants. Lead (Pb) is of considerable interest due to its toxicity and occurrence. Furthermore, it has been suggested that human milk is a significant potential source of lead exposure to nursing infants. A systematic literature search in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases was performed to identify relevant studies, published in English until 2017, that investigated and explored common factors affecting the level of lead in human milk among lactating women around the world. Forty-nine papers were rated and explored the effect of one or several factors on the level of lead in human milk from 28 countries and carried out over a wide time frame from 1983 to 2017 and through Europe, Asia, America, and Africa, reviewing more than 5,000 subjects. Place of residence, maternal age, stage of lactation, smoking habits, maternal dietary intakes, and parity were the mostly assessed factors among the studies and considered as the main factors affecting Pb levels in BM. Other factors were not studied well enough and considered minor because few surveys evaluated their impacts. However, the literature findings are very controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Cherkani-Hassani
- Unit of Training and Research in Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
- Center of Doctoral Studies in Life Sciences and Health CEDoc-SVS, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Imane Ghanname
- Team Research of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Health Sciences, International University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Nezha Mouane
- Unit of Training and Research in Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition-P III, Rabat Children's Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
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Dubascoux S, Andrey D, Vigo M, Kastenmayer P, Poitevin E. Validation of a dilute and shoot method for quantification of 12 elements by inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry in human milk and in cow milk preparations. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 49:19-26. [PMID: 29895368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional information about human milk is essential as early human growth and development have been closely linked to the status and requirements of several macro- and micro-elements. However, methods addressing whole mineral profiling in human milk have been scarce due in part to their technical complexities to accurately and simultaneously measure the concentration of micro- and macro-trace elements in low volume of human milk. In the present study, a single laboratory validation has been performed using a "dilute and shoot" approach for the quantification of sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo) and iodine (I), in both human milk and milk preparations. Performances in terms of limits of detection and quantification, of repeatability, reproducibility and trueness have been assessed and verified using various reference or certified materials. For certified human milk sample (NIST 1953), recoveries obtained for reference or spiked values are ranged from 93% to 108% (except for Mn at 151%). This robust method using new technology ICP-MS/MS without high pressure digestion is adapted to both routinely and rapidly analyze human milk micro-sample (i.e. less than 250 μL) in the frame of clinical trials but also to be extended to the mineral profiling of milk preparations like infant formula and adult nutritionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Dubascoux
- Nestlé Research Center, Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science / Minerals and Metals Group, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Andrey
- Nestlé Research Center, Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science / Minerals and Metals Group, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Mario Vigo
- Nestlé Research Center, Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science / Minerals and Metals Group, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kastenmayer
- Nestlé Research Center, Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science / Minerals and Metals Group, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Eric Poitevin
- Nestlé Research Center, Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science / Minerals and Metals Group, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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Bastos WR, Vieira SM, Manzatto ÂG, Dórea JG, Rubira MC, de Souza VFP, da Costa Junior WA, Souza Bastos MT. Heterogeneity of Multimedia Exposures to Neurotoxic Elements (Al, As, Cd, Pb, Mn, and Hg) in Breastfed Infants from Porto Velho, Brazil. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:7-15. [PMID: 28967039 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Infant exposure to neurotoxic elements is a public health issue that needs monitoring with regard to breast milk composition. We studied six neurotoxic elements in breast milk samples at different stages of lactation in mothers from Porto Velho, Brazil. We used a flow-injection mercury system (FIMS) to determine total Hg concentrations and an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) to determine the concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Pb, and Mn in 106 donors of a human milk bank. Association rules analyses were applied to determine the pattern of binary and ternary mixtures of the measured exposants. The metal concentration was mostly below the limit of detection (LOD) for Cd (99%), Pb (84%), and Hg (72%), and it was above the LOD for As (53%), Mn (60%), and Al (82%), respectively. Median concentrations (dry weight) of Al, As, Hg, Mn, and Pb were 1.81 μg/g, 13.8 ng/g, 7.1 ng/g, 51.1 ng/g, and 0.43 μg/g, respectively. Al is singly the most frequent element to which infants are exposed. Occurring binary combination (> LOD) was 56% for Al-Mn, 41% for Al-As, 22% for Al-Hg, and 13% for Al-Pb. In 100% of neonates, exposure to Al-ethylmercury (EtHg) occurred through immunization with thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCV). Association rules analysis revealed that Al was present in all of the multilevel combinations and hierarchical levels and that it showed a strong link with other neurotoxic elements (especially with Mn, As, and Hg). (a) Nursing infants are exposed to combinations of neurotoxicants by different routes, dosages, and at different stages of development; (b) In breastfed infants, the binary exposures to Al and total Hg can occur through breast milk and additionally through TCV (EtHg and Al);
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderley R Bastos
- Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory WCP, Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76815-800, Brazil
| | - Solange M Vieira
- Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory WCP, Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76815-800, Brazil
| | - Ângelo G Manzatto
- Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory WCP, Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76815-800, Brazil
| | - José G Dórea
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, C.P. 04322, Brasília, DF, 70919-970, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo C Rubira
- Luteran Institute of High Learning/ULBRA, Porto Velho, RO. Rua João Goulart, 666 - Mato Grosso, Porto Velho, RO, 76804-414, Brazil
| | - Victor Francisco P de Souza
- Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory WCP, Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76815-800, Brazil
| | - Walkimar A da Costa Junior
- Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory WCP, Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76815-800, Brazil
| | - Maria T Souza Bastos
- Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory WCP, Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76815-800, Brazil
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Levi M, Hjelm C, Harari F, Vahter M. ICP-MS measurement of toxic and essential elements in human breast milk. A comparison of alkali dilution and acid digestion sample preparation methods. Clin Biochem 2017; 53:81-87. [PMID: 29233626 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levi
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Metals and Health, Box 210, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Camilla Hjelm
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Metals and Health, Box 210, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Florencia Harari
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Metals and Health, Box 210, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Vahter
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Metals and Health, Box 210, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Souza AS, Siqueira RP, Prates RF, Bezerra VM, Rocha DDS, Oliveira MV, Santos DB. A dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop and spectrophotometric determination of uranium in breast milk after optimization using Box-Behnken design. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Cherkani-Hassani A, Ghanname I, Mouane N. Assessment of cadmium levels in human breast milk and the affecting factors: A systematic review, 1971-2014. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:2377-2391. [PMID: 26732189 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1057633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is a first systematic review summarizing 43 years of research from 36 countries for the assessment of cadmium in breast milk, a suitable matrix in human biomonitoring. OBJECTIVES To report from the published literature the levels of cadmium in breast milk, and the affecting factors causing increase in cadmium concentrations. In addition, to gather several quantitative data that might be useful to evaluate the international degrees of maternal and infant exposure. METHODS We reviewed the literature published between 1971 and 2014, available on Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, reporting quantitative data about cadmium levels in human breast milk. Information about the aim of the study, name of the country, period of collection of samples, size of samples, sampling method, time of lactation, mother's age, area of residence, cadmium concentration, and other data were extracted. RESULTS Sixty-seven studies were selected and included in this systematic review. Some concentrations greatly exceed the limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO); however, about 50% of the studies had less than 1 µg/L cadmium concentration (recommended by the WHO); as well as many factors have shown their implication in breast milk contamination. CONCLUSIONS Breast milk is a pathway of maternal excretion of cadmium. It is also a biological indicator of the degree of environmental pollution and cadmium exposure of the lactating woman and the nourished infant. Therefore, preventive measures and continuous monitoring are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Cherkani-Hassani
- a Unit of Training and Research in Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University , Rabat , Morocco.,b Center of Doctoral Studies in Life Sciences and Health CEDoc-SVS, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University , Rabat , Morocco
| | - Imane Ghanname
- c Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University , Rabat , Morocco
| | - Nezha Mouane
- a Unit of Training and Research in Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University , Rabat , Morocco.,d Department of Pediatric Hepatology , Gastroenterology and Nutrition -- P III, Rabat Children's Hospital , Rabat , Morocco
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Impact of Maternal Selenium Status on Infant Outcome during the First 6 Months of Life. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050486. [PMID: 28492511 PMCID: PMC5452216 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women and infants are at risk for selenium deficiency, which is known to have negative effects on immune and brain function. We have investigated selenium levels in 158 healthy never-pregnant women and in 114 pregnant and lactating women and their infants at age 6 months and related this to clinical outcomes during the first 6 months of life. Neurodevelopment was assessed with the parental questionnaire Ages and Stages (ASQ) at 6 months. A maternal selenium level ≤0.90 µmol/L in pregnancy week 18 was negatively related to infant neurodevelopment at 6 months (B = -20, p = 0.01), whereas a selenium level ≤0.78 µmol/L in pregnancy week 36 was associated with an increased risk (odds ratio 4.8) of having an infant infection during the first 6 weeks of life. A low maternal selenium status in pregnancy was found to be associated with an increased risk of infant infection during the first 6 weeks of life and a lower psychomotor score at 6 months. We suggest a cutoff for maternal serum selenium deficiency of 0.90 µmol/L in pregnancy week 18 and 0.78 µmol/L in pregnancy week 36. This should be reevaluated in an intervention study.
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Doneray H, Olcaysu E, Yildirim A, Ozden A. The effect of the zinc concentration in breast milk on neonatal weight gain. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 41:32-35. [PMID: 28347460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The change in breast milk zinc (Zn) concentration in a feeding period during lactation may affect neonatal weight gain. The aim of this study was to determine how to change the Zn concentrations in breast milk during a feeding period in early and late lactation periods and identify the relationship between the differences in the Zn levels in breast milk during lactation and neonatal weight gain. Breast milk was collected in the early and late lactation periods with samples being obtained before (foremilk) and after (hindmilk) a feeding period. Then, we determined the Zn concentrations in the breast milk and measured the weight of the infants before and after the same feeding period. The study was composed of 37 newborns and their mothers. During the feeding period, the Zn concentrations in both the transitional and mature milk decreased significantly. During the lactation period, the Zn levels were markedly lower in only the hindmilk. The body weights of the infants both before and after feeding in the early lactation period were negatively correlated with the delta Zn concentration in the same period, but the delta body weights in the early lactation period were positively correlated with the Zn levels in the hindmilk in the same period. In addition, body weights before feeding in the late lactation period were also positively correlated with Zn levels in hindmilk in the early lactation period. This study suggests that the Zn concentrations in both the transitional and mature milk decreased, which suggests that changes in the Zn content of breast milk during lactation might play a role in the weight gain of healthy neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Doneray
- Department of Pediatrics, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Elif Olcaysu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Yildirim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ayse Ozden
- Department of Pediatrics, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Comparative study of the gut microbiome potentially related to milk protein in Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and Chinese Holstein cattle. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42189. [PMID: 28176851 PMCID: PMC5297240 DOI: 10.1038/srep42189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested a close relationship between ruminant gut microbes and the mammary gland. In this study, shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to reveal the differences in the intestinal microbiome potentially related to milk components in Murrah buffaloes and Chinese Holstein cattle. A PCoA based on the weighted Unifrac distances showed an apparent clustering pattern in the structure of intestinal microbiota between buffalo and cattle. We could attribute the structural difference to the genera of Sutterella, Coprococcus and Dorea. A further analysis of microbial functional features revealed that the biosynthesis of amino acids (including lysine, valine, leucine and isoleucine), lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and cofactor/vitamin biosynthesis were enriched in the buffalo. In contrast, dairy cattle had higher levels of pyruvate metabolism and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. A further correlation analysis based on different milk components and the typical microbiome uncovered a significant positive correlation between milk protein and the microbial biosynthesis of amino acids, which was also positively correlated in the genera of Parabacteroides, Dorea and Sutterella. This study will expand our understanding of the intestinal microbiome of buffalo and cattle as representative ruminants, as well as provide new views about how to improve the production and nutritional qualities of animal milk.
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Olszowski T, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Rębacz-Maron E, Gutowska I, Jamioł D, Prokopowicz A, Goschorska M, Chlubek D. Cadmium Concentration in Mother's Blood, Milk, and Newborn's Blood and Its Correlation with Fatty Acids, Anthropometric Characteristics, and Mother's Smoking Status. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:8-20. [PMID: 27040674 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine cadmium concentration in mothers' blood, milk, and newborns' blood from Szczecin (Poland) as a result of environmental cadmium exposure and evaluate the correlation (1) between cadmium levels in analyzed matrices, (2) between cadmium and fatty acids in those matrices, and (3) between cadmium and some selected personal variables, such as anthropometric characteristics, mothers' smoking status, and fruit and fish consumption by mothers. The concentration of cadmium in whole blood and milk of mothers and in the umbilical cord blood of newborns was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace atomization and Zeeman correction. The fatty acid concentrations were determined by gas chromatography in our previous study. The mean concentrations of cadmium in maternal blood, newborn's blood, and breast milk were 0.61 ± 0.62 μg/L, 0.05 ± 0.04 μg/L, and 0.11 ± 0.07 μg/L, respectively, and differed significantly between analyzed matrices. Cadmium concentrations in the umbilical cord blood were 15 % (range 0-83 %) of the concentration in maternal blood, whereas cadmium concentrations in breast milk constituted 35 % (range 3-142 %) of the concentration in mothers' blood. No correlation was found between cadmium levels in three analyzed matrices. The correlation analysis revealed significant low positive correlation between maternal blood cadmium concentrations and concentrations of elaidic, oleic, and cis-vaccenic acids in mothers' milk (correlation coefficients 0.30, 0.32, and 0.31, respectively). Mothers' blood cadmium correlated with mothers' age (r = -0.26, p = 0.03), maternal smoking before pregnancy (r = 0.55, p < 0.000), maternal smoking during pregnancy (r = 0.58, p < 0.000), and fruit consumption by mothers after delivery (r = -0.44, p = 0.003). Mothers' height was the only variable that correlated significantly with breast milk cadmium levels. Newborns' blood cadmium concentrations correlated significantly with mothers' height (r = 0.28, p = 0.02), newborns' birth weight (r = 0.26, p = 0.03), maternal smoking during pregnancy (r = 0.24, p = 0.048), and fish consumption by mothers after delivery (r = 0.37, p = 0.02). The concentrations of cadmium in Polish mother-newborn pairs are among the lowest in Europe and within the norms established by different institutions. The results of our study confirm the existence of effective partial barriers (such as the placenta and mammary gland) restricting cadmium passage from mother to newborn. The significant positive correlations between maternal blood Cd and concentrations of oleic, elaidic, and cis-vaccenic acids in breast milk might suggest the increased cadmium toxicity to infant, taking into consideration even low cadmium passage to milk. Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases both maternal and newborn's blood cadmium level. Promotion of nonsmoking among pregnant women could substantially reduce prenatal and neonatal exposure to cadmium. Moreover, the results of our study point to the need of establishing complex biomonitoring of cadmium in mother-infant pairs in order to better protect children from this toxic and carcinogenic metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Olszowski
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Ewa Rębacz-Maron
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Anthropology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13 Str., 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str., 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Jamioł
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24 Str., 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adam Prokopowicz
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Kościelna 13 Str., 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Marta Goschorska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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Li C, Solomons NW, Scott ME, Koski KG. Minerals and Trace Elements in Human Breast Milk Are Associated with Guatemalan Infant Anthropometric Outcomes within the First 6 Months. J Nutr 2016; 146:2067-2074. [PMID: 27558578 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.232223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast milk is the recommended source of nutrients for infant growth, but its adequacy to meet infants' mineral and trace element needs is unknown. OBJECTIVES We used breast-milk mineral and trace element concentrations of Guatemalan mothers at 3 lactation stages to estimate total daily intakes and to determine whether intakes were associated with early infant growth. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, breast-milk samples were collected from Mam-Mayan mothers during transitional (5-17 d, n = 56), early (18-46 d, n = 75), and established (4-6 mo, n = 103) lactation; z scores for weight (WAZ), length (LAZ), and head circumference (HCAZ) were measured. Concentrations of 11 minerals (calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese, rubidium, selenium, strontium, and zinc) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). WHO equations were used to calculate the estimated energy requirement, which was divided by the energy density of breast milk to estimate daily milk volume, and this number was multiplied by breast-milk mineral concentrations to estimate intakes. Principal component analyses identified clusters of minerals; principal components (PCs) were used in regression analyses for anthropometric outcomes. RESULTS Estimated breast-milk intakes during established lactation were insufficient to compensate for the lower milk sodium, copper, manganese, and zinc concentrations in male infants and the lower sodium, iron and manganese concentrations in female infants. Estimated intakes of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and selenium were below the Institute of Medicine Adequate Intake for both sexes at all 3 stages of lactation. In early lactation, multiple linear regressions showed that PC1 (calcium, magnesium, potassium, rubidium, and strontium intakes) was positively associated with WAZ, LAZ, and HCAZ. In established lactation, the same PC with sodium added was positively associated with all 3 anthropometric outcomes; a second PC (PC2: zinc, copper, and selenium intakes) was associated with WAZ and LAZ but not HCAZ. CONCLUSIONS Breast milk may be inadequate in selected minerals and trace elements where higher estimated intakes were associated with greater infant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition
| | - Noel W Solomons
- Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging, and Metabolism (CeSSIAM), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Marilyn E Scott
- Institute of Parasitology, and Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and
| | - Kristine G Koski
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and
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Tang M, Xu C, Lin N, Yin S, Zhang Y, Yu X, Liu W. Toxic effects of trace elements on newborns and their birth outcomes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 550:73-79. [PMID: 26803687 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Some trace elements are essential for newborns, their deficiency may cause abnormal biological functions, whereas excessive intakes due to environmental contamination may create adverse health effects. This study was conducted to measure the levels of selected trace elements in Chinese fish consumers by assessing their essentiality and toxicity via colostrum intake in newborns, and evaluated the effects of these trace elements on birth outcomes. Trace elements in umbilical cord serum and colostrum of the studied population were relatively high compared with other populations. The geometric means (GM) of estimated daily intake (EDI, mgday(-1)) of the trace elements were in the safe ranges for infant Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) recommended by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). When using total dietary intake (TDI, mgkg(-1)bwday(-1)), zinc (Zn) (0.880mgkg(-1)bwday(-1)) and selenium (Se) (6.39×10(-3)mgkg(-1)bwday(-1)) were above the Reference Doses (RfD), set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Multivariable linear regression analyses showed that Se was negatively correlated with birth outcomes. Our findings suggested that overloading of trace elements due to environmental contamination may contribute to negative birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenye Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Zhoushan Municipal for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, 386 Wenshan Road, Zhoushan, China
| | - Xinwei Yu
- Zhoushan Municipal for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, 386 Wenshan Road, Zhoushan, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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