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Chen X, Wei C, Zhao J, Zhou D, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zuo H, Dong J, Zhao Z, Hao M, He X, Bian Y. Carnosic acid: an effective phenolic diterpenoid for prevention and management of cancers via targeting multiple signaling pathways. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107288. [PMID: 38977208 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious global public health issue, and a great deal of research has been made to treat cancer. Of these, discovery of promising compounds that effectively fight cancer always has been the main point of interest in pharmaceutical research. Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpenoid compound widely present in Lamiaceae plants such as Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that CA has significant anti-cancer activity, such as leukaemia, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, lymphoma, prostate cancer, oral cancer, etc. The potential mechanisms involved by CA, including inhibiting cell proliferation, inhibiting metastasis, inducing cell apoptosis, stimulating autophagy, regulating the immune system, reducing inflammation, regulating the gut microbiota, and enhancing the effects of other anti-cancer drugs. This article reviews the biosynthesis, pharmacokinetics and metabolism, safety and toxicity, as well as the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of the anticancer activity of CA. This will contribute to the development of CA or CA-containing functional foods for the prevention and treatment of cancer, providing important advances in the advancement of cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Cuntao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Haiyue Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jianhui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Zeyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Man Hao
- Clinical Medical College of Acuupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Ortho and MSK Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Xirui He
- School of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, China; UCL School of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Yangyang Bian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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Sirajudeen F, Malhab LJB, Bustanji Y, Shahwan M, Alzoubi KH, Semreen MH, Taneera J, El-Huneidi W, Abu-Gharbieh E. Exploring the Potential of Rosemary Derived Compounds (Rosmarinic and Carnosic Acids) as Cancer Therapeutics: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:38-55. [PMID: 38148552 PMCID: PMC10762267 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality rates. However, conventional cancer treatment methods often have severe side effects and limited success rates. In the last decade, extensive research has been conducted to develop safe, and efficient alternative treatments that do not have the limitations of existing anticancer medicines. Plant-derived compounds have shown promise in cancer treatment for their anti-carcinogenic and anti-proliferative properties. Rosmarinic acid (RA) and carnosic acid (CA) are potent polyphenolic compounds found in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract. They have been extensively studied for their biological properties, which include anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. In addition, RA and CA have demonstrated effective anti-proliferative properties against various cancers, making them promising targets for extensive research to develop candidate or leading compounds for cancer treatment. This review discusses and summarizes the anti-tumor effect of RA and CA against various cancers and highlights the involved biochemical and mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazila Sirajudeen
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lara J. Bou Malhab
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H. Semreen
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waseem El-Huneidi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Gao Y, Wang B, Yang J, Zhang R, Liu N, Wang X, Yu C, Rong Z, Zhang H, Long Q. Chemical investigation and anti-inflammatory activities of the aerial part of Filipendula palmata. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 287:114959. [PMID: 34965460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Filipendula palmata Maxim. as an ethnic herb is commonly used by Oroqen minority people in the treatment of rheumatism in China and as a wild vegetable is eaten by Russian in the Far East area. However, so far, the chemical constituents and bioactivity of this edible herb are still unclear, especially the anti-inflammatory constituents and action have not been elucidated despite the traditional folk use. AIM OF STUDY The current study was conducted to investigate the main chemical components of the aerial part of F. palmata and evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the extract and the isolated constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various chromatographic techniques including silica gel, ODS, HPLC were used to isolate the components and several spectroscopic methods such as UV, IR, MS and NMR were adopted to characterize the structures of the compounds. The inhibitory action of the extract and components on the production of nitric oxide stimulated by LPS in RAW264.7 cells was applied to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity and the MTT method was used to investigate the cytotoxicity. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of F. palmata was measured in three in vitro assays including DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging and FRAP experiments. RESULTS The bioactivity research demonstrated that the EtOAc fraction and n-BuOH fraction of this ethnic herb possessed potent anti-inflammation activity in RAW264.7 macrophages and antioxidant activity in three in vitro assays. The chemical study on the EtOAc fraction led to a new dihydrophenanthrene derivative, filipendutin A (1), together with 9 known compounds from the herb, in which compound 4 could significantly inhibit the production of nitric oxide in RAW264.7 cells, while compounds 1 and 9 exhibited obvious cytotoxicity in cells. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that F. palmata had significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and could be used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Meanwhile, the cytotoxic activity of EtOAc fraction and its components also indicated the potential application in antitumor which remained the further study in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Bobo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Nana Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Chunping Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhenji Rong
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Qingzhi Long
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Lešnik S, Bren U. Mechanistic Insights into Biological Activities of Polyphenolic Compounds from Rosemary Obtained by Inverse Molecular Docking. Foods 2021; 11:67. [PMID: 35010191 PMCID: PMC8750736 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) represents a medicinal plant known for its various health-promoting properties. Its extracts and essential oils exhibit antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antimicrobial activities. The main compounds responsible for these effects are the diterpenes carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmanol, as well as the phenolic acid ester rosmarinic acid. However, surprisingly little is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for the pharmacological activities of rosemary and its compounds. To discern these mechanisms, we performed a large-scale inverse molecular docking study to identify their potential protein targets. Listed compounds were separately docked into predicted binding sites of all non-redundant holo proteins from the Protein Data Bank and those with the top scores were further examined. We focused on proteins directly related to human health, including human and mammalian proteins as well as proteins from pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The observed interactions of rosemary compounds indeed confirm the beforementioned activities, whereas we also identified their potential for anticoagulant and antiparasitic actions. The obtained results were carefully checked against the existing experimental findings from the scientific literature as well as further validated using both redocking procedures and retrospective metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Lešnik
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Urban Bren
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
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Hasei S, Yamamotoya T, Nakatsu Y, Ohata Y, Itoga S, Nonaka Y, Matsunaga Y, Sakoda H, Fujishiro M, Kushiyama A, Asano T. Carnosic Acid and Carnosol Activate AMPK, Suppress Expressions of Gluconeogenic and Lipogenic Genes, and Inhibit Proliferation of HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084040. [PMID: 33919842 PMCID: PMC8070802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA), carnosol (CL) and rosmarinic acid (RA), components of the herb rosemary, reportedly exert favorable metabolic actions. This study showed that both CA and CL, but not RA, induce significant phosphorylation of AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) and its downstream acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) in HepG2 hepatoma cells. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), rate-limiting enzymes of hepatic gluconeogenesis, are upregulated by forskolin stimulation, and this upregulation was suppressed when incubated with CA or CL. Similarly, a forskolin-induced increase in CRE transcriptional activity involved in G6PC and PCK1 regulations was also stymied when incubated with CA or CL. In addition, mRNA levels of ACC1, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) were significantly reduced when incubated with CA or CL. Finally, it was shown that CA and CL suppressed cell proliferation and reduced cell viability, possibly as a result of AMPK activation. These findings raise the possibility that CA and CL exert a protective effect against diabetes and fatty liver disease, as well as subsequent cases of hepatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Hasei
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.H.); (T.Y.); (Y.N.); (Y.O.)
| | - Takeshi Yamamotoya
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.H.); (T.Y.); (Y.N.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yusuke Nakatsu
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.H.); (T.Y.); (Y.N.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yukino Ohata
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.H.); (T.Y.); (Y.N.); (Y.O.)
| | - Shota Itoga
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan; (S.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuji Nonaka
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan; (S.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yasuka Matsunaga
- Center for Translational Research in Infection & Inflammation, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan;
| | - Midori Fujishiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose City, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan;
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.H.); (T.Y.); (Y.N.); (Y.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang BB, Gao Y, Chen LY, Zhang CL, Zhang XQ, Zhang HL. New Constituents from the Low Polar Fraction of the Fruits of Crataegus dahurica and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity in RAW264.7 Cells. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900609. [PMID: 31916412 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The fruit of Crataegus dahurica Koehne was used to treat the disease of infantile indigestion and dyspepsia as an ethnic medicine and food. As a continuous work on finding the active constituents from the edible herbs, four new biphenyl derivatives (1-4), together with two known compounds (5 and 6), were obtained from the petroleum ether fraction of the fruits of C. dahurica. Their structures were determined by the extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectra and HR-MS spectrometry. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activities of all the isolated compounds were investigated, in which compound 4 showed moderately inhibitory effects on NO production in RAW264.7 cells without inducing cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Bo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ya Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Long Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Long Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
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Koutsoulas A, Čarnecká M, Slanina J, Tóth J, Slaninová I. Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Antiproliferative Effects of Salvia pomifera and Salvia fruticosa Extracts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162921. [PMID: 31408993 PMCID: PMC6720736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenolic compounds of methanolic extracts of Salvia pomifera and Salvia fruticosa were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Carnosic acid and its metabolite carnosol were the most abundant terpene phenolic compounds of S. fruticosa, while they were completely absent in S. pomifera. The main terpene phenolic constituent of S. pomifera was 12-O-methylcarnosic acid and its mass/mass fragmentation pathway was explained. The detailed mechanism of carnosic acid oxidation to carnosol was suggested. The effects of Salvia extracts and/or carnosic acid, the main diterpene phenolic component of S. fruticosa, on the proliferation and cell cycle of two melanoma cell lines (A375, Mel JuSo) and human fibroblast cell line (HFF) were investigated by MTT assay, PI-exclusion assay and flow cytometry cell cycle analysis. Extract of S. fruticosa more efficiently than S. pomifera extract reduced the proliferation of the human melanoma cells. Carnosic acid showed the most significant effect. The first evidence that carnosic acid affects microtubule dynamics and arrests the cell cycle in the G2/M phase was provided. Collectively, our results demonstrate that these two Salvia species are plants of medicinal interest with perspective for further investigation. Carnosic acid could be the compound responsible for the biological activities of S. fruticosa extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Koutsoulas
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava 3, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Čarnecká
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A16, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Slanina
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A16, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Tóth
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava 3, Slovak Republic.
| | - Iva Slaninová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Maruca A, Catalano R, Bagetta D, Mesiti F, Ambrosio FA, Romeo I, Moraca F, Rocca R, Ortuso F, Artese A, Costa G, Alcaro S, Lupia A. The Mediterranean Diet as source of bioactive compounds with multi-targeting anti-cancer profile. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111579. [PMID: 31398616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many bioactive agents have been extracted from plants or belong to functional foods and have been considered in the treatment of serious and multifactorial diseases, such as cancer. In particular, this review is focused on the anti-cancer properties owned by several natural products typically from the Mediterranean area. In some regions of the South of Italy, a lower cancer incidence has been observed. There is increasing evidence that adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern correlates with reduced risk of several cancer types. This could be mainly attributed to the typical lifestyle aspects of the Mediterranean diet, such as high consumption of fruit and vegetables. In this review, the main natural products of the Mediterranean area are discussed, with particular attention on their anti-cancer properties endowed with multi-target profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Maruca
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaella Catalano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Donatella Bagetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Mesiti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Alessandra Ambrosio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Isabella Romeo
- Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Federica Moraca
- Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Rocca
- Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine "Magna Græcia" University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesco Ortuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Artese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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Rosmarinus officinalis L.: an update review of its phytochemistry and biological activity. Future Sci OA 2018; 4:FSO283. [PMID: 29682318 PMCID: PMC5905578 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide interest in the use of medicinal plants has been growing, and its beneficial effects being rediscovered for the development of new drugs. Based on their vast ethnopharmacological applications, which inspired current research in drug discovery, natural products can provide new and important leads against various pharmacological targets. This work pioneers an extensive and an updated literature review on the current state of research on Rosmarinus officinalis L., elucidating which compounds and biological activities are the most relevant. Therefore, a search was made in the databases PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science with the terms ‘rosemary’, ‘Rosmarinus officinalis’, ‘rosmarinic acid’ ‘carnosol’ and ‘carnosic acid’, which included 286 articles published since 1990 about rosemary's pharmacological activities and their isolated compounds. According to these references, there has been an increasing interest in the therapeutic properties of this plant, regarding carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmarinic acid and the essential oil. The present manuscript provides an updated review upon the most reported activities on R. officinalis and its active constituents. The worldwide interest in the use of medicinal plants has been growing, and their beneficial effects being rediscovered for the development of new drugs. Actually, current research in drug discovery has been inspired on the vast ethnopharmacological applications of natural products, providing new and important leads against various pharmacological targets. In this work, an updated literature review is presented to clarify the current state of research on Rosmarinus officinalis L., elucidating its constituents and their most relevant biological activities. Therefore, this work provides an updated review upon the most reported medicinal properties, namely, antitumoral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, neurodegenerative, endocrinal, anti-infective and antioxidant.
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Acunha T, García-Cañas V, Valdés A, Cifuentes A, Simó C. Metabolomics study of early metabolic changes in hepatic HepaRG cells in response to rosemary diterpenes exposure. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1037:140-151. [PMID: 30292288 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Rosemary diterpenes have demonstrated diverse biological activities, such as anti-cancer, antiinflammatory, as well as other beneficial effects against neurological and metabolic disorders. In particular, carnosic acid (CA), carnosol (CS) and rosmanol (RS) diterpenes have shown interesting results on anti-cancer activity. However, little is known about the toxic effects of rosemary diterpenes at the concentrations needed to exert their antiproliferative effect on cancer cells. In our study, CA, CS and RS exhibited a concentration-dependent effect on cell viability of two human colon cancer cell lines (HT-29 and HCT116) after 24 h exposure. HT-29 cell line was more resistant to the inhibitory effect of the three diterpenes than HCT116 cell line. Among the three diterpenes, RS exerted the strongest effect in both cell lines. To investigate the hepatotoxicity of CA, CS and RS, undifferentiated and differentiated HepaRG cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of the diterpenes (from 10 to 100 μM). Differentiated cells were found to be more resistant to the toxic activity of the three diterpenes than undifferentiated HepaRG, probably related to a higher detoxifying function of differentiated HepaRG cells compared with the undifferentiated cells. The metabolic profiles of differentiated HepaRG cells in response to CA, CS and RS were examined to determine biochemical alterations and deepen the study of the effects of rosemary phenolic diterpenes at molecular level. A multiplatform metabolomics study based on liquid- and gas-chromatography hyphenated to high resolution mass spectrometry revealed that rosemary diterpenes exerted different effects when HepaRG cells were treated with the same concentration of each diterpene. RS revealed a greater metabolome alteration followed by CS and CA, in agreement with their observed cytotoxicity. Metabolomics provided valuable information about early events in the metabolic profiles after the treatment with the investigated diterpenes from rosemary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanize Acunha
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, 70040-020 Brasília, DF, Brazil; Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia García-Cañas
- Molecular Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Valdés
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Simó
- Molecular Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis ) as a functional ingredient: recent scientific evidence. Curr Opin Food Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Valdés A, García-Cañas V, Pérez-Sánchez A, Barrajón-Catalán E, Ruiz-Torres V, Artemenko KA, Micol V, Bergquist J, Cifuentes A. Shotgun proteomic analysis to study the decrease of xenograft tumor growth after rosemary extract treatment. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1499:90-100. [PMID: 28389096 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The antiproliferative activity of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) has been widely studied in different in vitro and in vivo models, which demonstrate that rosemary extracts inhibit the cellular proliferation due to its ability to interact with a wide spectrum of molecular targets. However, a comprehensive proteomics study in vivo has not been carried out yet. In the present work, the effects of rosemary extract on xenograft tumor growth has been studied and, for the first time, a shotgun proteomic analysis based on nano-LC-MS/MS together with stable isotope dimethyl labeling (DML) has been applied to investigate the global protein changes in vivo. Our results show that the daily administration of a polyphenol-enriched rosemary extract reduces the progression of colorectal cancer in vivo with the subsequent deregulation of 74 proteins. The bioinformatic analysis of these proteins indicates that the rosemary extract mainly alters the RNA Post-Transcriptional Modification, the Protein Synthesis and the Amino Acid Metabolism functions and suggests the inactivation of the oncogene MYC. These results demonstrate the high utility of the proposed analytical methodology to determine, simultaneously, the expression levels of a large number of protein biomarkers and to generate new hypothesis about the molecular mechanisms of this extract in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valdés
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia García-Cañas
- Molecular Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Pérez-Sánchez
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain
| | - Enrique Barrajón-Catalán
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain
| | - Verónica Ruiz-Torres
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain
| | - Konstantin A Artemenko
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vicente Micol
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain; CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB12/03/30038), Spain
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Bahri S, Jameleddine S, Shlyonsky V. Relevance of carnosic acid to the treatment of several health disorders: Molecular targets and mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:569-582. [PMID: 27694001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosic acid is a phenolic diterperne compound found in abundance in sage and rosemary, which are both widely used in traditional medicine. Research over the past decade indicates that carnosic acid has multiple bioactive properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities among others. This review summarizes the current in vitro and in vivo data about the efficacy of carnosic acid in the prevention or treatment of various experimental health disorders. The analysis of the literature allows an insight into the participation of numerous signaling pathways modulated by carnosic acid, into its synergistic potential and, thus, into the divergence in cellular mechanisms of action of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Bahri
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta 1007, Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Physiopathology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Saloua Jameleddine
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Vadim Shlyonsky
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Valdés A, Artemenko KA, Bergquist J, García-Cañas V, Cifuentes A. Comprehensive Proteomic Study of the Antiproliferative Activity of a Polyphenol-Enriched Rosemary Extract on Colon Cancer Cells Using Nanoliquid Chromatography–Orbitrap MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1971-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valdés
- Laboratory
of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Konstantin A. Artemenko
- Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC and SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC and SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Virginia García-Cañas
- Laboratory
of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory
of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Valdés A, García-Cañas V, Koçak E, Simó C, Cifuentes A. Foodomics study on the effects of extracellular production of hydrogen peroxide by rosemary polyphenols on the anti-proliferative activity of rosemary polyphenols against HT-29 cells. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1795-804. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valdés
- Laboratory of Foodomics; Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Virginia García-Cañas
- Laboratory of Foodomics; Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Engin Koçak
- Laboratory of Foodomics; Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Carolina Simó
- Laboratory of Foodomics; Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics; Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC); Madrid Spain
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Combination of 5-fluorouracil and 2-morphilino-8-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one may inhibit liver cancer stem cell activity. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10943-58. [PMID: 26886287 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to evaluate the impact of 2-morpholino-8-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (LY294002) combined 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for the activity of CD90+ liver cancer cells derived from the human liver cancer cell line MHCC97H. MHCC97H sphere-forming cells (MSFCs) were amplified in serum-free medium and CD90+ cells were isolated from bulk MSFCs using flow cytometry. The phenotype of these CD90+ cells which show liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) behavior was validated in vitro and in a xenograft model in nude mice. MSFCs, CD90+ liver cancer cells (CD90+ LCCs), and parental MHCC97H cells were treated with no drug, LY294002 alone, 5-FU alone, or both drugs together and then compared in terms of stem cell-related gene expression, proliferation, and invasion. Stem cell phenotype increased with increasing proportion of CD90+ cells, in ascending order: parental MHCC97H cells, MSFCs, and CD90+ liver cancer cells. LY294002 reduced the expression of CD90, Nanog, SALL4, and SHP2 in a concentration-dependent manner in CD90+ LCCs and MSFCs, but not in parental cells. LY294002 blocked AKT phosphorylation via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and inhibited CD90+ LCCs proliferation and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. CD90+ liver cancer cells can express liver cancer stem cell phenotype. LY294002 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of MHCC97H-derived CD90+ LCCs and sensitized CD90+ LCCs-derived tumors to 5-FU in the current study which may provide insight into the association between the LY294002 combined 5-FU and liver cancer stem cell (LCSCs).
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Yi J, Wang Z, Bai H, Li L, Zhao H, Cheng C, Zhang H, Li J. Polyphenols from pinecones of Pinus koraiensis induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells through the activation of caspase in vitro. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24913a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the antitumor effects of PPP-40 (the purified polyphenols from P. koraiensis pinecones by 40% ethanol) on LOVO cells and revealed its antitumor mechanism, which involved the apoptosis of cells associated with the activation of the caspase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- PR China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- PR China
| | - Haina Bai
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- PR China
| | - Lu Li
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin 150030
- PR China
| | - Haitian Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- PR China
| | - Cuilin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- PR China
| | - Jingtong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- PR China
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Sánchez-Camargo A, Mendiola J, Valdés A, Castro-Puyana M, García-Cañas V, Cifuentes A, Herrero M, Ibáñez E. Supercritical antisolvent fractionation of rosemary extracts obtained by pressurized liquid extraction to enhance their antiproliferative activity. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Wu WL, Wang WY, Yao WQ, Li GD. Suppressive effects of microRNA-16 on the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1713-9. [PMID: 26499886 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-16 is known to be abnormally expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and the overexpression of miR-16 inhibits the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of various cancer cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are closely related to the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of HCC. The present study aimed to explore the effects of miR-16 on the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of HCC cells, and to elucidate the mechanisms involved. A cell line with moderate levels of miR‑16 expression was selected from the SMMC-7721, HepG2, SK-Hep-1 and Huh‑7 HCC cells and validated by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). The effects of miR‑16 on HCC cell viability were determined by MTT assay; cell migration and invasion were determined by Transwell cell invasion assay, and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometery (FCM). Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins, Bax, Bcl-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, as well as to examine epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and E-cadherin, vimentin, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway-related protein expression. The mRNA expression levels of miR‑16 were highest in the SMMC-7721 cells and lowest in the SK-Hep‑1 and Huh‑7 cells; moderate levels were observed in the HepG2 cells. The HepG2 cell line was selected as the cell line for use in the follow-up experiments, where we measured cell viability, and the expression of PI3k/Akt, Bax, Bcl-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9, and E-cadherin and vimentin. miR‑16 overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of the HepG2 cells, as shown by western blot analysis. This was achieved through the upregulation of Bax expression, the downregulation of Bcl-2 expression and the decrease in the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. In addition the expression of E-cadherin increased and vimentin expression decreased. miR‑16 overexpression inhibited PI3K expression and Akt phosphorylation. The results of this study suggest that the overexpression of miR‑16 inhibits the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of HepG2 HCC cells, and that these effects are associated with the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lu Wu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ya Wang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Qing Yao
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Gan-Di Li
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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Bai CY, Wang HL. Paeoniflorin induces HepG2 cell apoptosis by regulating Caspase3 activation and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:3582-3586. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i22.3582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the effect of paeoniflorin on apoptosis of HepG2 cells and the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS: HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of paeoniflorin (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL). The viability of cells was detected by MTT assay. Apoptotic cells were detected by Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry. Caspase3 activity was measured with a colorimetric assay kit. The expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) related proteins was detected by Western blot.
RESULTS: Compared with the control group, paeoniflorin at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL could reduce cell viability, and the inhibitory rate peaked at 48 h (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, paeoniflorin at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL could promote cell apoptosis, increase Caspase3 activity, and suppress NF-κB p65 phosphorylation (P < 0.05). Paeoniflorin at concentrations of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/mL could suppress IκBα phosphorylation (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Paeoniflorin induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells possibly via the NF-κB signal pathway.
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