The role of coffee consumption on the 10-year (2004-2014) Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) incidence among cardiac patients: the GREECS observational study

The magical smell and taste: Can coffee be good to patients with cardiometabolic disease?

Coffee is a beverage consumed globally. Although few studies have indicated adverse effects, it is typically a beneficial health-promoting agent in a range of diseases, including depression, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. Coffee is rich in caffeine, antioxidants, and phenolic compounds, which can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota and mitigate both inflammation and oxidative stress, common features of the burden of lifestyle diseases. This review will discuss the possible benefits of coffee on complications present in patients with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease, outwith the social and emotional benefits attributed to caffeine consumption.

Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases with Plant Phytochemicals: A Review

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the world's leading killers, accounting for 30% deaths. According to the WHO report, CVDs kill 17.9 million people per year, and there will be 22.2 million deaths from CVD in 2030. The death rates rise as people get older. Regarding gender, the death rate of women by CVD (51%) is higher than that of men (42%). To decrease and prevent CVD, most people rely on traditional medicine originating from the plant (phytochemicals) in addition to or in preference to commercially available drugs to recover from their illness. The CVD therapy efficacy of 92 plants, including 15 terrestrial plants, is examined. Some medicinal plants well known to treat CVD are, Daucus carota, Nerium oleander, Amaranthus Viridis, Ginkgo biloba, Terminalia arjuna, Picrorhiza kurroa, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Tinospora cordifolia, Mucuna pruriens, Hydrocotyle asiatica, Bombax ceiba, and Andrographis paniculate. The active phytochemicals found in these plants are flavonoids, polyphenols, plant sterol, plant sulphur compounds, and terpenoids. A general flavonoid mechanism of action is to prevent low-density lipoprotein oxidation, which promotes vasodilatation. Plant sterols prevent CVD by decreasing cholesterol absorption in the blood. Plant sulphur compound also prevent CVD by activation of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and inhibition of cholesterol synthesis. Quinone decreases the risk of CVD by increasing ATP production in mitochondria while terpenoids by decreasing atherosclerotic lesion in the aortic valve. Although several physiologically active compounds with recognized biological effects have been found in various plants because of the increased prevalence of CVD, appropriate CVD prevention and treatment measures are required. More research is needed to understand the mechanism and specific plants' phytochemicals responsible for treating CVD.

Coffee and tea on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention

Coffee and tea are amongst the most consumed beverages worldwide, and are the main source of caffeine in adults. In this review we present findings on the effects of habitual coffee and tea consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Mild-moderate coffee/ caffeine consumption, at 2-3 cups/day, is associated with beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome, including hypertension and diabetes mellitus, although may elevate lipid levels. Furthermore, coffee consumption reduces the risk of coronary heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmia, stroke, CVD and all cause mortality. Higher tea consumption, in particular green tea, confers similar cardiovascular benefits to coffee with 3 cups/day associated with improved survival in population based studies.

Safety of coffee consumption after myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of coffee consumption in patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI), in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, as well as other major cardiovascular events (MACE) such as stroke, heart failure, recurrent MI and sudden death.

METHODS AND RESULTS

MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science Core Collection, SciELO Citation Database, Current Contents Connect®, KCI Korean Journal Database, African Index Medicus, and LILACS were searched for longitudinal studies evaluating the impact of coffee consumption in patients with previous myocardial infarction. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the pooled hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The statistical heterogeneity was measured by I². A dose-response analysis was also conducted. Six prospective cohort studies were included in the primary meta-analysis. Consumption of coffee was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR = 0.70; 95% CI 0.54-0.91, I² = 0%; 2 studies) and was not associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.63-1.13; I² = 50%; 3 studies), recurrent MI (HR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.80-1.22; I² = 0%; 3 studies), stroke (HR = 0.97; 95% CI 0.63-1.49; I² = 39%; 2 studies) and MACE (HR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.86-1.07; I² = 0%; 2 studies). A significant non-linear inverse dose-response association was found for coffee consumption and all-cause mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

Consumption of coffee was not associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with previous myocardial infarction.

Caffeine and cardiovascular diseases: critical review of current research

Caffeine is a most widely consumed physiological stimulant worldwide, which is consumed via natural sources, such as coffee and tea, and now marketed sources such as energy drinks and other dietary supplements. This wide use has led to concerns regarding the safety of caffeine and its proposed beneficial role in alertness, performance and energy expenditure and side effects in the cardiovascular system. The question remains "Which dose is safe?", as the population does not appear to adhere to the strict guidelines listed on caffeine consumption. Studies in humans and animal models yield controversial results, which can be explained by population, type and dose of caffeine and low statistical power. This review will focus on comprehensive and critical review of the current literature and provide an avenue for further study.