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Wang C, Zhou J, Zong C. Two cases report of epidemic stress disorder to novel coronavirus pneumonia. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 51:102070. [PMID: 32325392 PMCID: PMC7161508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congjie Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Huai'an No. 3 People's Hospital, Huai'an city, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Huai'an No. 3 People's Hospital, Huai'an city, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengjuan Zong
- Department of Psychiatry, Huai'an No. 3 People's Hospital, Huai'an city, Jiangsu Province, China
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Li L, Reinhardt JD, Van Dyke C, Wang H, Liu M, Yamamoto A, Chen Q, Hu X. Prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder among elderly survivors six months after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:78. [PMID: 32087728 PMCID: PMC7036222 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-2474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies indicate that older age is a risk factor for probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, evidence on the prevalence and risk factors for elderly disaster survivors is limited. METHODS Multi-stage stratified sampling was applied in this cross-sectional study. The Revised Version of the Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) was used to evaluate symptoms of PTSD. Chi-squared test was used for univariable analysis of prevalence of probable PTSD by possible determinants. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was utilized to further explore risk factors for PTSD. RESULTS 427 elderly survivors age 60 or older participated. The prevalence of probable PTSD was 40.5, 36.3, and 21.5% according to a cut off score of the IES-R of 33, 35, and 2 points on average across items, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression, elderly survivors with a higher number of diagnosed chronic illnesses were more likely to be screened positive for PTSD and those with a greater number of family members living in the same home were less likely to be classified as having probable PTSD for all cut off scores. Elderly survivors with improved economic status and those with primary school or lower education were more often estimated to have probable PTSD with a cut off score of 35 and 2 points on average. CONCLUSIONS Elderly survivors in a high impact area following a major earthquake are at high risk for developing PTSD. Those who live alone and report pre-existing chronic illness are particularly vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.410578.fDepartment of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China ,Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction of Sichuan University and Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jan D. Reinhardt
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction of Sichuan University and Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, China ,grid.419770.cSwiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland ,grid.449852.6Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Craig Van Dyke
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China ,grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Heng Wang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoqiong Liu
- Department of Nursing, Dujiangyan Second People’s Hospital, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Aiko Yamamoto
- grid.502988.eResearch Institute for Nursing Care, Information Engineering National Institute of Technology, Nara College, Nara, Japan
| | - Qian Chen
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Xiuying Hu
- Innovation Center for Nursing Research, West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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Hu T, Xu S, Liu W. A senior high school-based survey on the long-term impact of the Wenchuan earthquake on survivors' quality of life: PTSD as a mediator. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:310-316. [PMID: 30290316 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous earthquake-related studies mostly focused on the prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and there are only a few articles on the subsequent long-term outcomes of earthquakes. This study aimed to investigate the long-term impact of the Wenchuan earthquake on the quality of life (QOL) of surviving senior high school students 2-3 years post-disaster and to clarify whether PTSD was a mediator in the relationship of earthquake-related exposure and QOL. The study collected 1031 survivors' self-report questionnaires on socio-demographic data, earthquake-related experiences, PTSD symptoms (PCL-C), and QOL (WHOQOL-BREF). The results showed that earthquake-related exposure experiences were negatively associated with QOL scores, and the severity of PTSD symptoms was significantly and negatively related to QOL scores. Structural equation model (SEM) analysis showed that earthquake-related exposure was directly related to the severity of PTSD symptoms, while insignificantly directly related to QOL. Therefore, earthquake-related exposure was indirectly related to QOL (totally mediated by severity of PTSD symptoms). PTSD was a mediator in the relationship between earthquake-related exposure and QOL among adolescents: earthquake-related exposure affected the survivors' QOL mainly mediated by the PTSD symptoms that developed. Therefore, to improve the QOL of the survivors after an earthquake, more attention should be paid to survivors who have PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Number 800, Xiangyin Road, Yangpu district, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Xu
- Mathematics and Computational Science, Hunan First Normal University, Number 1015, Fenglin 3rd road, Yuelu district, 410000 Changsha, China
| | - Weizhi Liu
- Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Number 800, Xiangyin Road, Yangpu district, 200433 Shanghai, China.
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Xie Z, Xu J, Wu Z. Mental health problems among survivors in hard-hit areas of the 5.12 Wenchuan and 4.20 Lushan earthquakes. J Ment Health 2017; 26:43-49. [PMID: 28084103 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2016.1276525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earthquake exposure has often been associated with psychological distress. However, little is known about the cumulative effect of exposure to two earthquakes on psychological distress and in particular, the effect on the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression disorders. AIMS This study explored the effect of exposure on mental health outcomes after a first earthquake and again after a second earthquake. METHODS A population-based mental health survey using self-report questionnaires was conducted on 278 people in the hard-hit areas of Lushan and Baoxing Counties 13-16 months after the Wenchuan earthquake (Sample 1). 191 of these respondents were evaluated again 8-9 months after the Lushan earthquake (Sample 2), which struck almost 5 years after the Wenchuan earthquake. RESULTS In Sample 1, the prevalence rates for PTSD, anxiety and depression disorders were 44.53, 54.25 and 51.82%, respectively, and in Sample 2 the corresponding rates were 27.27, 38.63 and 36.93%. Females, the middle-aged, those of Tibetan nationality, and people who reported fear during the earthquake were at an increased risk of experiencing post-traumatic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Although the incidence of PTSD, anxiety and depression disorders decreased from Sample 1 to Sample 2, the cumulative effect of exposure to two earthquakes on mental health problems was serious in the hard-hit areas. Therefore, it is important that psychological counseling be provided for earthquake victims, and especially those exposed to multiple earthquakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtang Xie
- a School of Business, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Jiuping Xu
- a School of Business, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhibin Wu
- a School of Business, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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Hu X, Cao X, Wang H, Chen Q, Liu M, Yamamoto A. Probable Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Its Predictors in Disaster-Bereaved Survivors: A Longitudinal Study After the Sichuan Earthquake. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2016; 30:192-7. [PMID: 26992870 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the trajectory of probable PTSD prevalence and severity, and analyzed the predictors for PTSD severity in bereaved survivors at 6 months and 18 months after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. This was a longitudinal study with 226 bereaved survivors sampled at 6 months and 18 months post-earthquake. The instrument used in the study was the revised version of the Impact of Event Scale. The results showed that the prevalence of probable PTSD in bereaved survivors decreased significantly from 38.9% at 6 months to 16.8% at 18 months post-earthquake. Loss of a child, being directly exposed to the death of family members and property loss during the earthquake, and mental health services utilization after the earthquake were significant predictors for PTSD severity at both assessments. These findings can contribute to post-disaster psychological rescue work. The bereaved survivors at high risk for more severe PTSD should be particularly targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Hu
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Cao
- Hemodialysis Center, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Maoqiong Liu
- Department of Nursing, Dujiangyan Second People's Hospital, Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Aiko Yamamoto
- Research Institute of Nursing Care for People & Community, University of Hyogo, Japan
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Wu Z, Xu J, Sui Y. Posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth coexistence and the risk factors in Wenchuan earthquake survivors. Psychiatry Res 2016; 237:49-54. [PMID: 26921051 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Various studies have assessed the negative and/or positive changes in the aftermath of traumatic events. Yet few of these have addressed the factors associated with the coexistence of both negative and positive changes after a devastating earthquake. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between the negative and positive changes and elucidate the risk factors of such changes one year after Wenchuan earthquake. A total of 2080 survivors from 19 counties participated in a self-report questionnaire survey which included the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Check list-Civilian, the posttraumatic growth PTG Inventory (PTGI). The prevalence of PTSD and moderate PTG was found to be 40.1% (95% CI [37.9% 42.3%]) and 51.1% (95% CI [48.9% 53.3%]). The PTSD and moderate PTG coexistence was 19.6% (95% CI [17.8% 21.4%]). PTSD symptom severity was significantly positively associated with the PTG score. Middle aged groups (31-40 and 41-50 years old, OR=2.323, 95% CI [1.059, 5.095] and OR=2.410, 95% CI [1.090, 5.329] respectively), those with lower income levels (OR=8.019, 95% CI [2.421, 26.558]), those living in temporary house (OR=1.946, 95% CI [1.280, 2.956]), and those who had had less social support (OR=1.109, 95% CI [1.076, 1.143]) had a significantly higher possibility for the presence of PTSD and moderate PTG coexistence. The results indicated the widespread positive changes in earthquake survivors. Better income levels and living conditions and higher social support were suggested to promote PTG in those with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Wu
- School of Business, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuping Xu
- School of Business, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yan Sui
- School of Business, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Di Giacinto A, Lai C, Cieri F, Cinosi E, Massaro G, Angelini V, Pasquini A, Stuppia L, di Giannantonio M. Difficulty describing feelings and post-traumatic symptoms after a collective trauma in survivors of L'Aquila earthquake. J Ment Health 2015; 24:150-4. [DOI: 10.3109/09638237.2015.1019055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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