1
|
Kelly MR, Lant NJ, Berlinguer-Palmini R, Burgess JG. Chemical mapping of xyloglucan distribution and cellulose crystallinity in cotton textiles reveals novel enzymatic targets to improve clothing longevity. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122243. [PMID: 38823912 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Pilling is a form of textile mechanical damage, forming fibrous bobbles on the surface of garments, resulting in premature disposal of clothing by consumers. However, our understanding on how the structural properties of the cellulosic matrix compliment the three-dimensional shape of cotton pills remains limited. This knowledge gap has hindered the development of effective 'pillase' technologies over the past 20 years due to challenges in balancing depilling efficacy with fabric integrity preservation. Therefore, the main focus here was characterising the role of cellulose and the hemicellulose components in cotton textiles to elucidate subtle differences between the chemistry of pills and fibre regions involved in structural integrity. State-of-the-art bioimaging using carbohydrate binding modules, monoclonal antibodies, and Leica SP8 and a Nikon A1R confocal microscopes, revealed the biophysical structure of cotton pills for the first time. Identifying regions of increased crystalline cellulose in the base of anchor fibres and weaker amorphous cellulose at dislocations in their centres, enhancing our understanding of current enzyme specificity. Surprisingly, pills contained a 7-fold increase in the concentration of xyloglucan compared to the main textile. Therefore, xyloglucan offers a previously undescribed target for overcoming this benefit-to-risk paradigm, suggesting a role for xyloglucanase enzymes in future pillase systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max R Kelly
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Ridley Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
| | - Neil J Lant
- Procter and Gamble, Newcastle Innovation Centre, Whitley Road, Longbenton, Newcastle upon Tyne NE12 9TS, United Kingdom.
| | - Rolando Berlinguer-Palmini
- Bioimaging unit, William Leech Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
| | - J Grant Burgess
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Ridley Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Watkins T, Moffitt K, Speight RE, Navone L. Chromogenic fusion proteins as alternative textiles dyes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 38859566 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The widespread adoption of fast fashion has led to a significant waste problem associated with discarded textiles. Using proteins to color textiles can serve as a sustainable alternative to chemical dyes as well as reduce the demand for new raw materials. Here, we explore the use of chromogenic fusion proteins, consisting of a chromoprotein and a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), as coloring agents for cellulose-based textiles such as cotton. We examined the color properties of chromoproteins AeBlue, SpisPink and Ultramarine alone and fused to CBM under various conditions. AeBlue, SpisPink and Ultramarine exhibited visible color between pH 4-9 and temperatures ranging from 4 to 45℃. Fusing CBM Clos from Clostridium thermocellum and CBM Ch2 from Trichoderma reesei to the chromoproteins had no effect on the chromoprotein color properties. Furthermore, binding assays showed that chromoprotein fusions did not affect binding of CBMs to cellulosic materials. Cotton samples bound with Ultramarine-Clos exhibited visible purple color that faded progressively over time as the samples dried. Applying 10% 8000 polyethylene glycol to cotton samples markedly preserved the color over extended periods. Overall, this work highlights the potential of chromoprotein-CBM fusions for textile dying which could be applied as a color maintenance technology or for reversible coloring of textiles for events or work wear, contributing to sustainable practices and introducing new creative opportunities for the industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyson Watkins
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kaylee Moffitt
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert E Speight
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Advanced Engineering Biology Future Science Platform, CSIRO Environment, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laura Navone
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meng Z, Yang C, Leng J, Zhu W, Cheng Y. Production, purification, characterization and application of two novel endoglucanases from buffalo rumen metagenome. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:16. [PMID: 36740711 PMCID: PMC9900955 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulose biomass is the most abundant and renewable material in nature. The objectives of this study were to characterize two endoglucanases TrepCel3 and TrepCel4, and determine the effect of the combination of them (1.2 mg TrepCel3, 0.8 mg TrepCel4) on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics. In this study, three nature lignocellulosic substrates (rice straw, RS; wheat straw, WS; leymus chinensis, LC) were evaluated for their in vitro digestibility, gas, NH3-N and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, and microbial protein (MCP) synthesis by adding enzymatic combination. METHODS Two endoglucanases' genes were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 (DE3), and enzymatic characteristics were further characterized. The combination of TrepCel3 and TrepCel4 was incubated with lignocellulosic substrates to evaluate its hydrolysis ability. RESULTS The maximum enzymatic activity of TrepCel3 was determined at pH 5.0 and 40 °C, while TrepCel4 was at pH 6.0 and 50 °C. They were stable over the temperature range of 30 to 60 °C, and active within the pH range of 4.0 to 9.0. The TrepCel3 and TrepCel4 had the highest activity in lichenan 436.9 ± 8.30 and 377.6 ± 6.80 U/mg, respectively. The combination of TrepCel3 and TrepCel4 exhibited the highest efficiency at the ratio of 60:40. Compared to maximum hydrolysis of TrepCel3 or TrepCel4 separately, this combination was shown to have a superior ability to maximize the saccharification yield from lignocellulosic substrates up to 188.4% for RS, 236.7% for wheat straw WS, 222.4% for LC and 131.1% for sugar beet pulp (SBP). Supplemental this combination enhanced the dry matter digestion (DMD), gas, NH3-N and VFA production, and MCP synthesis during in vitro rumen fermentation. CONCLUSIONS The TrepCel3 and TrepCel4 exhibited the synergistic relationship (60:40) and significantly increased the saccharification yield of lignocellulosic substrates. The combination of them stimulated in vitro rumen fermentation of lignocellulosic substrates. This combination has the potential to be a feed additive to improve agricultural residues utilization in ruminants. If possible, in the future, experiments in vivo should be carried out to fully evaluate its effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Meng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Jing Leng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oya‐Hasegawa M, Sato Y, Oya M. Analysis of interaction between mechanical force and chemical effect in cleaning phenomenon by probability density functional method. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuya Sato
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences Yokohama National University Yokohama‐shi Kanagawa Japan
| | - Masaru Oya
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences Yokohama National University Yokohama‐shi Kanagawa Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Niyonzima FN. Detergent-compatible fungal cellulases. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 66:25-40. [PMID: 33184763 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Detergent enzymes are currently added to all powder and liquid detergents that are manufactured. Cellulases, lipases, amylases, and proteases are used in the detergency to replace toxic phosphates and silicates and to reduce high energy consumption. This makes the use of enzymes in detergent formulation cost effective. Fungi are producers of important extracellular enzymes for industrial use. The fungal and bacterial cellulases maintain the shape and color of the washed garments. There is a high demand for cellulases at the market by detergent industries. With this high demand, genetic engineering has been a solution due to its high production of detergent-compatible cellulases. Fungi are the famous source for detergent-compatible cellulases production, but still, there is a lack of the cost-effective process of alkaline fungal cellulase production. Review papers on detergent-compatible bacterial cellulase and amylase and detergent-compatible fungal and bacterial proteases and lipases are available, but there is no review on detergent fungal cellulases. This review aims to highlight the production, properties, stability, and compatibility of fungal cellulases. It will help other academic and industrial researchers to study, produce, and commercialize the fungal cellulases with good aspects.
Collapse
|
6
|
Niyonzima FN. Detergent-compatible bacterial cellulases. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 59:134-147. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francois N. Niyonzima
- Department of Biotechnologies; Faculty of Applied Fundamental Sciences; INES-Ruhengeri Rwanda
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dhar H, Kasana RC, Dutt S, Gulati A. Cloning and expression of low temperature active endoglucanase EG5C from Paenibacillus sp. IHB B 3084. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:259-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
8
|
Yu Y, Yuan J, Wang Q, Fan X, Wang P, Cui L. Noncovalent immobilization of cellulases using the reversibly soluble polymers for biopolishing of cotton fabric. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 62:494-501. [PMID: 25196508 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolytic reaction of cellulases can occur in the interior of cellulosic fibers, causing tensile strength loss of the fabrics. Cellulase immobilization is an approach to solve this problem, because enlarging the molecule size of cellulases will limit the hydrolysis to the surfaces of the fibers. In this study, commercial cellulases were noncovalently immobilized onto the reversibly soluble polymers (Eudragit S-100 and Eudragit L-100). The characteristics of cellulase-Eudragit S-100 (CES) and cellulase-Eudragit L-100 (CEL) were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectra, circular dichroism spectra, and fluorescence spectra. The CES showed higher stability than CEL and free cellulase, especially at higher pH and temperature. CES and CEL retained 51% and 42% of their original activities after three cycles of repeated uses, respectively. In addition, the effects of cellulase treatment on the cotton yarn and fabric have been investigated. The bending stiffness results showed that the cotton fabric samples treated with the free and immobilized cellulases were softer than untreated samples. However, less fiber damage in terms of weight loss and tensile strength of treated cotton was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiugang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Byrt CS, Cahyanegara R, Grof CPL. Plant carbohydrate binding module enhances activity of hybrid microbial cellulase enzyme. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:254. [PMID: 23181066 PMCID: PMC3501001 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic, highly active cellulase enzyme suitable for in planta production may be a valuable tool for biotechnological approaches to develop transgenic biofuel crops with improved digestibility. Here, we demonstrate that the addition of a plant derived carbohydrate binding module (CBM) to a synthetic glycosyl hydrolase improved the activity of the hydrolase in releasing sugar from plant biomass. A CEL-HYB1-CBM enzyme was generated by fusing a hybrid microbial cellulase, CEL-HYB1, with the CBM of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) SlCel9C1 cellulase. CEL-HYB1 and CEL-HYB1-CBM enzymes were produced in vitro using Pichia pastoris and the activity of these enzymes was tested using carboxymethylcellulose, MUC, and native crystalline cellulose assays. The presence of the CBM substantially improved the endoglucanase activity of CEL-HYB1, especially against the native crystalline cellulose encountered in Sorghum bicolor plant cell walls. These results indicate that addition of an endogenous plant derived CBM to cellulase enzymes may enhance hydrolytic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin S. Byrt
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, Waite Campus, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of NewcastleNewcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ricky Cahyanegara
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of NewcastleNewcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher P. L. Grof
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of NewcastleNewcastle, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|