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Delanghe JR, Oyaert M, Speeckaert MM. Helen Free (1923–2021) and her lasting legacy. Clin Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wagalgave SM, Birajdar SS, Malegaonkar JN, Bhosale SV. Patented AIE materials for biomedical applications. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 185:199-223. [PMID: 34782106 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent years aggregation induced emission (AIE) concept has attracted researcher's interest worldwide. Several organic building blocks are developed as AIE materials. This chapter discusses the patented AIE material and their utilization related in biological, medicinal and biotechnology fields. It is demonstrated that AIE chromophores such as tetraphenylethylene (TPE) as well as other AIE building blocks became important fluorescent emissive bioactive materials. Such emissive materials are widely employed as bioprobes for the detection of mitochondria, cellular imaging and tracking, protein carrier detection of S-phase DNA, detection of d-glucose, visualization of cancer treatment, drug screening, image-guided therapy, bacterial imaging, photodynamic therapy and drug screening. Such AIE materials upon imaging in cellular environment displays significant enhancement of fluorescence emission. Such patented AIE chromophores has a great potential for bioimaging and biomedical applications. In this chapter we compile some patented representative examples to explore their bioimaging/medicinal imaging applications since lot of new inventions are reported every day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopan M Wagalgave
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailesh S Birajdar
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jotiram N Malegaonkar
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sidhanath Vishwanath Bhosale
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Diagnostic accuracy of semiquantitative point of care urine albumin to creatinine ratio and urine dipstick analysis in a primary care resource limited setting in South Africa. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:103. [PMID: 33743616 PMCID: PMC7981803 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is predicted to rise over the next few decades. In resource-limited settings access to central laboratory services is limited. Point-of-care (POC) urine dipstick testing offers the potential to detect markers of kidney damage (albuminuria) as well as markers of other disease processes. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the semi-quantitative albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) Sysmex UC-1000 POC urine dipstick system as well as the extent of other abnormal dipstick findings in urine. Methods 700 participants from a rural area in South Africa were screened for albuminuria. A spot urine sample was used to measure POC and central laboratory ACR. We determined the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the POC ACR, and recorded dipstick parameters. Results The prevalence of albuminuria was 11.6% (95%CI; 9.3–14.2). Those with albuminuria had higher mean diastolic (82 vs 79 mmHg, p = 0.019) and systolic (133 vs 128 mmHg, p = 0.002) blood pressures and a higher proportion of diabetes mellitus (17.6 vs 4.9%, p < 0.001). The sensitivity of the POC ACR system was 0.79, specificity 0.84, positive predictive value 0.39 and negative predictive value 0.97. The sensitivity improved to 0.80, 0.85, 0.85 and 0.89 in those with elevated blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, HIV positive status, and those 65 years and older, respectively. Abnormalities other than albuminuria were detected in 240 (34.3%) of the samples; 88 (12.6%) were positive for haematuria, 113 (16.1%) for leucocytes, 66 (9.4%) for nitrites and 27 (3.9%) for glycosuria. Conclusion Our study shows that POC ACR has good negative predictive value and could be used to rule out albuminuria when screening for CKD. Additionally, a high proportion of participants had other urine abnormalities detected with dipsticks which may reflect kidney disease or co-morbid untreated genitourinary pathology such as urinary tract infections or endemic schistosomiasis with important implications for CKD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-021-02290-5.
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Chen T, Xie N, Viglianti L, Zhou Y, Tan H, Tang BZ, Tang Y. Quantitative urinalysis using aggregation-induced emission bioprobes for monitoring chronic kidney disease. Faraday Discuss 2019; 196:351-362. [PMID: 27901544 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00153j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Early detection and appropriate management of chronic kidney disease can reduce the progression of kidney failure and cardiovascular disease. The urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) test is a standard urine test for identifying individuals at high risk of developing progressive kidney disease. In this study, IDATPE, a novel fluorescent probe with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) features, is successfully developed for creatinine detection and quantitation. An excellent correlation between fluorescent light intensity and creatinine concentration is achieved. In addition, BSPOTPE, a reported excellent AIE bioprobe for human serum albumin (HSA) quantitation, is used together with IDATPE in artificial urine for UACR testing. The mutual interference of HSA and creatinine when the bioprobes are used for quantitation is characterised, with promising results. Further improvements and potential applications in CKD quantitation are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, School of Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia. and Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Ni Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lucia Viglianti
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yabin Zhou
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, School of Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia. and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Hui Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Youhong Tang
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, School of Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia.
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Grove KJ, Lareau NM, Voziyan PA, Zeng F, Harris RC, Hudson BG, Caprioli RM. Imaging mass spectrometry reveals direct albumin fragmentation within the diabetic kidney. Kidney Int 2018; 94:292-302. [PMID: 29779708 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Albumin degradation in the renal tubules is impaired in diabetic nephropathy such that levels of the resulting albumin fragments increase with the degree of renal injury. However, the mechanism of albumin degradation is unknown. In particular, fragmentation of the endogenous native albumin has not been demonstrated in the kidney and the enzymes that may contribute to fragmentation have not been identified. To explore this we utilized matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry for molecular profiling of specific renal regions without disturbing distinct tissue morphology. Changes in protein expression were measured in kidney sections of eNOS-/-db/db mice, a model of diabetic nephropathy, by high spatial resolution imaging allowing molecular localizations at the level of single glomeruli and tubules. Significant increases were found in the relative abundances of several albumin fragments in the kidney of the mice with diabetic nephropathy compared with control nondiabetic mice. The relative abundance of fragments detected correlated positively with the degree of nephropathy. Furthermore, specific albumin fragments accumulating in the lumen of diabetic renal tubules were identified and predicted the enzymatic action of cathepsin D based on cleavage specificity and in vitro digestions. Importantly, this was demonstrated directly in the renal tissue with the endogenous nonlabeled murine albumin. Thus, our results provide molecular insights into the mechanism of albumin degradation in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri J Grove
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nichole M Lareau
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul A Voziyan
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fenghua Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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Electrocatalytic artificial carbonylation assay for observation of human serum albumin inter-individual properties. Anal Biochem 2018; 550:137-143. [PMID: 29723520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is a multifunctional protein with ligand binding, transporting and buffering properties. Posttranslational modifications and ligand binding processes are closely related to albumin final functional status. In the last few decades, HSA has been characterized using a broad spectrum of methods, but quantitative data on the HSA's modifications among individuals have not been reported. The investigations presented here are based on the non-denaturing electrocatalytic screening of HSA samples isolated from the blood serum of healthy subjects. The electrocatalytic responses of the native protein (Rnat) varied depending on its modifications among individuals, which enable us to express the inter-individual variability. Consequently, the native HSA samples were subjected to ex vivo carbonylation with 50 mM methylglyoxal for 36 h. The differences between Rnat and the responses of artificially carbonylated protein (Rmod) corresponded with inter-individual binding capacity variations (ΔR = Rnat-Rmod). The coefficients of variation for the Rnat and ΔR values of purified HSA samples were estimated to be 8.5 and 23.2%, respectively. A sensitive non-denaturing electrocatalytic assay was utilized to provide new data about albumin inter-individual variations and evaluate its oxidative modifications and binding capacity, which could be used for further studies targeting not only on HSA but also other clinically important proteins.
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Delanghe JR, Himpe J, De Cock N, Delanghe S, De Herde K, Stove V, Speeckaert MM. Sensitive albuminuria analysis using dye-binding based test strips. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 471:107-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chatziharalambous D, Lygirou V, Latosinska A, Stravodimos K, Vlahou A, Jankowski V, Zoidakis J. Analytical Performance of ELISA Assays in Urine: One More Bottleneck towards Biomarker Validation and Clinical Implementation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149471. [PMID: 26889680 PMCID: PMC4758723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ELISA is the main approach for the sensitive quantification of protein biomarkers in body fluids and is currently employed in clinical laboratories for the measurement of clinical markers. As such, it also constitutes the main methodological approach for biomarker validation and further qualification. For the latter, specific assay performance requirements have to be met, as described in respective guidelines of regulatory agencies. Even though many clinical ELISA assays in serum are regularly used, ELISA clinical applications in urine are significantly less. The scope of our study was to evaluate ELISA assay analytical performance in urine for a series of potential biomarkers for bladder cancer, as a first step towards their large scale clinical validation. Seven biomarkers (Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, Survivin, Slit homolog 2 protein, NRC-Interacting Factor 1, Histone 2B, Proteinase-3 and Profilin-1) previously described in the literature as having differential expression in bladder cancer were included in the study. A total of 11 commercially available ELISA tests for these markers were tested by standard curve analysis, assay reproducibility, linearity and spiking experiments. The results show disappointing performance with coefficients of variation>20% for the vast majority of the tests performed. Only 3 assays (for Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, Survivin and Slit homolog 2 protein) passed the accuracy thresholds and were found suitable for further application in marker quantification. These results collectively reflect the difficulties in developing urine-based ELISA assays of sufficient analytical performance for clinical application, presumably attributed to the urine matrix itself and/or presence of markers in various isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Chatziharalambous
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Lygirou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Agnieszka Latosinska
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Stravodimos
- Department of Urology, Laikon Hospital, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vera Jankowski
- RWTH-Aachen, Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Aachen, Germany
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
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Bargnoux AS, Barrot A, Fesler P, Kuster N, Badiou S, Dupuy AM, Ribstein J, Cristol JP. Evaluation of five immunoturbidimetric assays for urinary albumin quantification and their impact on albuminuria categorization. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:250-3. [PMID: 25072511 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study was designed to evaluate the performance of five automated immunoturbidimetric assays to quantify urinary albumin, each corresponding to a combination of a reagent and an analyzer (Olympus on AU640, Roche on Cobas Integra, Abbott on Architect, Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics Vitros on Fusion and Siemens on Dimension). DESIGN AND METHODS To assess imprecision, albumin was measured in three urinary pools with a mean value of 25, 66 and 131 mg/L. One hundred and eight patient urine samples were then used to compare each turbidimetric method using the Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman analyses. Concordance of the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), according to the albuminuria classifications proposed by the KDIGO, was calculated to test the agreement between the different assays. RESULTS All immunoturbidimetric methods evaluated in this study exhibited acceptable imprecision (CV<6%). Mean values for 108 urine samples varied from 0.5 to 762.2 mg/L. Significant differences were found (p<0.05) between all methods except between Olympus and Ortho (p=1.0) and between Abbott and Roche (p=0.12). Regarding the albuminuria categories based on the ACR proposed by the KDIGO, only the classification obtained with the Roche method was significantly different from the four other methods (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that all assays were not strictly equivalent which could affect ACR categories in clinical practice, suggesting the need for harmonization of commercial methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Bargnoux
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHRU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier 1, Montpellier F-34000, France
| | - Amandine Barrot
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHRU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier 1, Montpellier F-34000, France
| | - Pierre Fesler
- Service de Médecine Interne, CHRU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier 1, Montpellier F-34000, France
| | - Nils Kuster
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHRU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier 1, Montpellier F-34000, France
| | - Stéphanie Badiou
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHRU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier 1, Montpellier F-34000, France
| | - Anne-Marie Dupuy
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHRU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier 1, Montpellier F-34000, France
| | - Jean Ribstein
- Service de Médecine Interne, CHRU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier 1, Montpellier F-34000, France
| | - Jean-Paul Cristol
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHRU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier 1, Montpellier F-34000, France.
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Hollevoet K, Speeckaert MM, Decavele AS, Vanholder R, van Meerbeeck JP, Delanghe JR. Mesothelin levels in urine are affected by glomerular leakage and tubular reabsorption. Clin Lung Cancer 2012; 13:470-4. [PMID: 22386954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesothelin is a soluble biomarker of malignant mesothelioma. Levels in serum, however, are also influenced by other factors, including age and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The measurement of mesothelin in urine has recently gained interest, but the renal handling of this protein has not been sufficiently examined. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 75 patients with benign kidney disease were prospectively included in the study. Mesothelin levels were measured in the serum and in the urine of all the participants by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Urinary albumin and alpha 1-microglobulin (A1M) levels, which are markers of glomerular leakage and of decreased tubular reabsorption, respectively, and the estimated GFR (eGFR) of each participant were obtained. All urine analyte levels were standardized (std) against urinary creatinine levels. RESULTS Absolute mesothelin levels in urine (median, 0.58 nmol/L; interquartile range [IQR], 0.25-1.03 nmol/L) were significantly lower than those in serum (median, 1.74 nmol/L; IQR, 1.35-2.43 nmol/L; P < .001). Urinary mesothelin(std) levels positively correlated with serum mesothelin (r = 0.35, P < .01), albumin(std) (r = 0.51, P < .001), and A1M(std) levels (r = 0.71, P < .001). Neither age nor eGFR were associated with urinary mesothelin(std) levels. Similarly, multiple linear regression analysis indicated that only albumin(std) and A1M(std) levels were significantly positively associated with the urinary mesothelin(std) levels (adjusted R(2) = 0.49). CONCLUSION Mesothelin levels in urine are affected by impaired glomerular and tubular function, which can influence the interpretation of mesothelin measurements and might cause false-positive results. These effects need to be accounted for to improve the further validation and possible clinical use of urinary mesothelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hollevoet
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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