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Birhanu Hayilesilassie R, Gemta AB, Maremi FT, Getahun Kumela A, Gudishe K, Dana BD. Detection and photothermal inactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bloodstream bacteria using photonic crystal biosensor and plasmonic core-shell. RSC Adv 2024; 14:11594-11603. [PMID: 38601705 PMCID: PMC11004602 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01802h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmonics and core-shell nanomaterials hold great potential to develop pharmaceuticals and medical equipment due to their eco-friendly and cost effective fabrication procedures. Despite these advancements, combating drug-resistant bacterial infections remains a global challenge. Therefore, this study aims to introduce a tailored theoretical framework for a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal biosensor (PCB) composed of (ZrO2/GaN)N/defect layer/(ZrO2/GaN)N, designed to detect Gram-positive and Gram-negative bloodstream bacteria employing the transfer matrix method (TMM). In addition, using the finite difference methods (FDM), the photothermal inactivation of bloodstream bacteria with plasmonic core-shell structures (FeO@AuBiS2) was explored using key factors such as light absorption, heat generation, and thermal diffusion. By incorporating six dielectric layers and contaminated blood into the proposed PCB, a maximum sensitivity of 562 nm per RIU was recorded, and using rod-shaped plasmonic core-shell structures, 5.8 nm-1 light absorption capacity and 152 K change in temperature were achieved. The maximum detection sensitivity, light absorption, heat conduction and heat convection capacity of the proposed 1D PCB and plasmonic core-shell show an effective approach to combating drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Birhanu Hayilesilassie
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University P.O.Box 1888 Adama Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Belay Gemta
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University P.O.Box 1888 Adama Ethiopia
| | - Fekadu Tolessa Maremi
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University P.O.Box 1888 Adama Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Getahun Kumela
- Department of Applied Physics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekdela Amba University P.O.Box 032 Tullu Awulia Ethiopia
| | - Kusse Gudishe
- Department of Applied Physics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Jinka University Jinka Ethiopia
| | - Bereket Delga Dana
- Department of Applied Physics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Jinka University Jinka Ethiopia
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Zekaj N, Ryan SD, Resnick A. Fluid-structure interaction modelling of neighboring tubes with primary cilium analysis. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:3677-3699. [PMID: 36899599 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a numerical model of two osculating cylindrical elastic renal tubules to investigate the impact of neighboring tubules on the stress applied to a primary cilium. We hypothesize that the stress at the base of the primary cilium will depend on the mechanical coupling of the tubules due to local constrained motion of the tubule wall. The objective of this work was to determine the in-plane stresses of a primary cilium attached to the inner wall of one renal tubule subject to the applied pulsatile flow, with a neighboring renal tube filled with stagnant fluid in close proximity to the primary tubule. We used the commercial software COMSOLⓇ to model the fluid-structure interaction of the applied flow and tubule wall, and we applied a boundary load to the face of the primary cilium during this simulation to produces a stress at its base. We confirm our hypothesis by observing that on average the in-plane stresses are greater at the base of the cilium when there is a neighboring renal tube versus if there is no neighboring tube at all. In combination with the hypothesized function of a cilium as a biological fluid flow sensor, these results indicate that flow signaling may also depend on how the tubule wall is constrained by neighboring tubules. Our results may be limited in their interpretation due to the simplified nature of our model geometry, and further improvements to the model may potentially lead to the design of future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerion Zekaj
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599, USA
| | - Shawn D Ryan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Cleveland State University, Cleveland OH 44115, USA
| | - Andrew Resnick
- Department of Physics, Cleveland State University, Cleveland OH 44115, USA
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, Cleveland OH 44115, USA
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Kainz DM, Breiner BJ, Früh SM, Hutzenlaub T, Zengerle R, Paust N. Eliminating viscosity bias in lateral flow tests. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:72. [PMID: 34567784 PMCID: PMC8433459 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread application of point-of-care lateral flow tests, the viscosity dependence of these assay results remains a significant challenge. Here, we employ centrifugal microfluidic flow control through the nitrocellulose membrane of the strip to eliminate the viscosity bias. The key feature is the balancing of the sample flow into the cassette of the lateral flow test with the air flow out of the cassette. A viscosity-independent flow rate of 3.01 ± 0.18 µl/min (±6%) is demonstrated for samples with viscosities ranging from 1.1 mPas to 24 mPas, a factor greater than 20. In a model human IgG lateral flow assay, signal-intensity shifts caused by varying the sample viscosity from 1.1 mPas to 2.3 mPas could be reduced by more than 84%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Kainz
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Susanna M. Früh
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Hutzenlaub
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Paust
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Alegría-Torres JA, Pérez-Rodríguez RY, García-Torres L, Costilla-Salazar R, Rocha-Amador D. Exposure to arsenic and lead in children from Salamanca México, effects on telomeric lengthening and mitochondrial DNA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:6420-6428. [PMID: 31873895 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Levels of urinary arsenic and levels of lead in blood were measured in children attending elementary schools located in an industrial zone in Salamanca, México. Its possible effects using telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number as biomarkers of genomic disequilibrium by oxidative stress were studied. Eighty-eight children (6-15 years old) were included and urine samples were collected for quantification of arsenic, while lead was measured in blood samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and relative telomere length and the mitochondrial DNA copy number were determined by real-time PCR. The geometric mean of urinary arsenic was 54.16 μg/L (11.7-141.1 μg/L). Ninety-eight percent of the children were above 15 μg/L (biomonitoring equivalent value). With respect to the concentration of lead in blood, the mean was 3.78 μg/dL (LOD-22.61), where 24.5% of the participants had equal or above the reference value (5 μg/dL; Mexican Official Norm NOM-199-SSA1-2000, 2017). A positive association between urinary arsenic and telomere length was found (β = 0.161; 95% CI: 0.12; 0.301; P = 0.034), while lead blood concentrations were negatively associated with mitochondrial DNA copy number (β = - 0.198; 95% CI: - 2.81; - 0.17; P = 0.019), after adjusting by age, sex, and total white blood cell count. Differences in the mitochondrial DNA content were observed in children with lead blood levels from 2.5 μg/dL, (P ≤ 0.001), suggesting an effect at lead exposure levels considered acceptable (< 5 μg/dL). In conclusion, children living in an industrial area in Salamanca showed an exposure to arsenic and lead and an impact on telomere length and mitochondrial DNA content associated with arsenic and lead exposure, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alejandro Alegría-Torres
- Department of Pharmacy, DCNE, University of Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n Edificio I planta alta, Guanajuato, México.
- Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular en Nutrición (LIMON), Universidad del Centro de México UCEM, San Luis Potosí, México.
| | | | - Lizeth García-Torres
- Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular en Nutrición (LIMON), Universidad del Centro de México UCEM, San Luis Potosí, México
| | | | - Diana Rocha-Amador
- Department of Pharmacy, DCNE, University of Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n Edificio I planta alta, Guanajuato, México
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Chen XT, Wang ZY, Huang Y, Wang JY, Yang SC, Chen WF, Chen PS, Li J, Deng RH, Huang G. Combined detection of urine specific gravity and BK viruria on prediction of BK polyomavirus nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:33-40. [PMID: 31923102 PMCID: PMC7028210 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BK polyomavirus (BKPyV)-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) is an important cause of dysfunction and failure of renal transplants. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of morning urine specific gravity (MUSG) in diagnosing BKPyVAN in kidney transplant recipients. METHODS A total of 87 patients, including 27 with BKPyVAN, 22 with isolated BKPyV viruria, 18 with T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR), and 20 with stable graft function, were enrolled in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from March 2015 to February 2017. MUSG at biopsy and during a follow-up period of 24 months after biopsy was collected and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the ability of MUSG to discriminate BKPyVAN. RESULTS At biopsy, the MUSG of BKPyVAN group (1.008 ± 0.003) was significantly lower than that of isolated BK viruria group (1.013 ± 0.004, P < 0.001), TCMR group (1.011 ± 0.003, P = 0.027), and control group (1.014 ± 0.006, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in MUSG among the isolated BK viruria group, TCMR group, and control group (P = 0.253). In BKPyVAN group, the timing and trend of MUSG elevate were consistent with the timing and trend of the decline of viral load in urine and plasma, reaching a statistical difference at 3 months after treatment (1.012 ± 0.003, P < 0.001) compared with values at diagnosis. ROC analysis indicated that the optimal cut-off value of MUSG for diagnosis of BKPyVAN was 1.009, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.803 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.721-0.937). For differentiating BKPyVAN and TCMR, the optimal MUSG cut-off value was 1.010, with an AUC of 0.811 (95% CI: 0.687-0.934). CONCLUSION Combined detection of MUSG and BKPyV viruria is valuable for predicting BKPyVAN and distinguishing BKPyVAN from TCMR in renal transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Tao Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Wang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Wang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Shi-Cong Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Wen-Fang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Pei-Song Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Rong-Hai Deng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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Kouri T, Fogazzi G, Gant V, Hallander H, Hofmann W, Guder WG. European Urinalysis Guidelines. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2000.12056993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Evaluation of the Mitra microsampling device for use with key urinary metabolites in patients with Alkaptonuria. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1919-1932. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Alkaptonuria is a disorder of tyrosine metabolism where elevated circulating homogentisic acid causes progressive dysfunction of collagenous tissues. Logistical, financial and patient experience concerns with collection and transport of specimens to central laboratories makes evaluation of microsampling attractive. Methodology: Volumetric absorptive microsampling devices were evaluated for accuracy, precision and drying time. Elution methods were evaluated for several urinary metabolites of interest and stability assessed under multiple conditions. Comparison was performed between dried and liquid specimens via LC–MS/MS. Conclusion: Volumetric absorptive microsampling was found to be highly accurate and precise. Elution methods showed good recovery and reproducibility. Dried and liquid samples compared favorably. Analyte stability was variable, presenting barriers to implementation into routine use in this context.
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8
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Lacy P, McKay RT, Finkel M, Karnovsky A, Woehler S, Lewis MJ, Chang D, Stringer KA. Signal intensities derived from different NMR probes and parameters contribute to variations in quantification of metabolites. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85732. [PMID: 24465670 PMCID: PMC3897511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We discovered that serious issues could arise that may complicate interpretation of metabolomic data when identical samples are analyzed at more than one NMR facility, or using slightly different NMR parameters on the same instrument. This is important because cross-center validation metabolomics studies are essential for the reliable application of metabolomics to clinical biomarker discovery. To test the reproducibility of quantified metabolite data at multiple sites, technical replicates of urine samples were assayed by 1D-1H-NMR at the University of Alberta and the University of Michigan. Urine samples were obtained from healthy controls under a standard operating procedure for collection and processing. Subsequent analysis using standard statistical techniques revealed that quantitative data across sites can be achieved, but also that previously unrecognized NMR parameter differences can dramatically and widely perturb results. We present here a confirmed validation of NMR analysis at two sites, and report the range and magnitude that common NMR parameters involved in solvent suppression can have on quantitated metabolomics data. Specifically, saturation power levels greatly influenced peak height intensities in a frequency-dependent manner for a number of metabolites, which markedly impacted the quantification of metabolites. We also investigated other NMR parameters to determine their effects on further quantitative accuracy and precision. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of and need for consistent use of NMR parameter settings within and across centers in order to generate reliable, reproducible quantified NMR metabolomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Lacy
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Michael Finkel
- Department of Clinical, Social and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alla Karnovsky
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Scott Woehler
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Biochemical Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | | | - Kathleen A. Stringer
- Department of Clinical, Social and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Musante L, Saraswat M, Ravidà A, Byrne B, Holthofer H. Recovery of urinary nanovesicles from ultracentrifugation supernatants. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:1425-1433. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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10
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Bloom CA, Rand JS. Diabetes and the Kidney in Human and Veterinary Medicine. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2013; 43:351-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Lin LC, Fann WC, Chou MH, Chen HW, Su YC, Chen JC. Urine specific gravity as a predictor of early neurological deterioration in acute ischemic stroke. Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:11-4. [PMID: 21444157 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that a blood urea nitrogen/creatinine (BUN/Cr) ratio>15 is an independent predictor of early neurological deterioration after acute ischemic stroke, which suggests that dehydration may be a cause of early deterioration. The aim of this study was to determine whether urine specific gravity, which is another indicator of hydration status and one that is more easily obtained, is also an independent predictor of early deterioration or stroke-in-evolution (SIE). Demographic and clinical data were recorded at admission from patients with acute ischemic stroke who were prospectively enrolled from October 2007 to June 2010. We compared patients with and without stroke-in-evolution (based on an increase of 3 points or more points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale within 3 days). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were carried out. A total of 317 patients (43 SIE and 274 non-SIE) were enrolled; the first 196 patients comprised the cohort of our previous study. The only two independent predictors of early deterioration or SIE were BUN/Cr>15 and urine specific gravity>1.010. After adjusting for age and gender, patients with a urine specific gravity>1.010 were 2.78 times more likely to develop SIE (95% CI=1.11-6.96; P=0.030). Urine specific gravity may be useful as an early predictor of early deterioration in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Patients with urine specific gravity ≤ 1.010 therefore may have a reduced likelihood of early neurological deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan, ROC
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12
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White BC, Jamison KM, Grieb C, Lally D, Luckett C, Kramer KS, Phillips J. Specific gravity and creatinine as corrections for variation in urine concentration in humans, gorillas, and woolly monkeys. Am J Primatol 2010; 72:1082-91. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Lee EJ, Arbuckle TE. Urine-sampling methods for environmental chemicals in infants and young children. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2009; 19:625-33. [PMID: 19550439 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2009.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This review paper examines and evaluates urine-sampling methodologies in infants and young children, to determine which methods are suitable for use in large biomonitoring surveys or studies of environmental chemicals in children younger than 6 years. Methods for non-toilet-trained children include the use of urine bags, collection pads (e.g., cotton or gauze inserts), disposable diapers, cotton diapers, and the clean catch method. In toilet-trained children, collection methods include use of a commode insert pan as well as specimen collection cups. The advantages and disadvantages of these various methods need to be evaluated with respect to the target population, timing and frequency of collection, minimum sample volume required, method of urine extraction, potential for contamination of the sample, stability of the analyte of interest, and burden on participants and research team. Collection methods must not introduce contamination or affect the integrity of the sample, should be logistically practical, and should minimize discomfort experienced by the child. Although collection of urine samples from children who are not toilet-trained is more challenging than collection from older toilet-trained children, the vulnerability of younger children to the exposure to and health effects of environmental chemicals makes finding suitable methods a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Lee
- Chemicals Surveillance Division, Risk Management Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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14
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Specific gravity as an alternative to creatinine for estimating urine concentration in captive and wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Samples. Am J Primatol 2009; 71:130-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Su SB, Lin KH, Chang HY, Lee CW, Lu CW, Guo HR. Using urine specific gravity to evaluate the hydration status of workers working in an ultra-low humidity environment. J Occup Health 2006; 48:284-9. [PMID: 16902275 DOI: 10.1539/joh.48.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In environments with ultra-low humidity, workers may have excessive body water loss due to evaporation through the skin, which can lead to dehydration. Before the development of clinical symptoms and signs, concentrated urine may be applied as an early indicator of dehydration. We used urine specific gravity (USG) as a biomarker to evaluate the hydration status of workers working in such an environment. We collected the urine samples from workers at a lithium battery plant during their annual health examination, and the relative humidity of some working areas called "dry rooms" in the plant was 1.5 +/- 1%. We recruited workers in those dry rooms as the exposure group (N=50) and defined the remaining workers, including administration office workers, as the comparison group (N=122). The prevalence of abnormally concentrated urine (USG>1.030) and related factors were compared between these two groups. While the exposure group were younger and had shorter employment durations compared to the comparison group (p<0.05), they had a higher prevalence of abnormally concentrated urine (p<0.01). After adjusting for age, gender, employment duration, and body surface area, we found that working in the dry rooms was associated with an odds ratio of 11.9 (95% confidence interval: 2.5 to 56.9) of having abnormally concentrated urine. Therefore, USG is a good biomarker for evaluating the hydration status of workers working in ultra-low humidity environments, who need proper protection and adequate fluid supply to prevent excess water loss and its adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Bin Su
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
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16
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Abstract
The maintenance of adequate body fluid volume and the correct distribution of this fluid between the body compartments is a critical part of homeostasis. The process of osmosis plays an important role in movement of fluid within the body and the use of osmometry is an important part of the management of many patients. In addition to the application of osmometry to the measurement of body fluids, most commonly plasma and urine, osmotic action plays a part in some therapeutic actions of drugs and its strength needs to be quantified in fluids administered to patients. Unfortunately confusion often exists in the various terms that are used in the field of osmometry. This review aims to explain the different terms used, the laboratory methodology involved in osmometry, and the clinical application and interpretation of the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Lord
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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17
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Langlois MR, Delanghe JR, Steyaert SR, Everaert KC, De Buyzere ML. Automated Flow Cytometry Compared with an Automated Dipstick Reader for Urinalysis. Clin Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/45.1.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recently, the Sysmex UF-100 flow cytometer was developed to automate urinalysis. We compared UF-100 test results with those of an automated dipstick reader. A cross-check of UF-100, dipstick, and microscopic sediment data was performed in 1001 urine samples. Good agreements (P <0.001) were obtained between UF-100 and dipstick data for erythrocytes (r = 0.636) and leukocytes (r = 0.785). Even in urine with low conductivity, the UF-100 could detect lysed erythrocytes. The UF-100 bacterial count was higher among nitrite-positive urine samples (P <0.0001) and was positively correlated with the UF-100 leukocyte count (r = 0.745; P <0.001). In stored urine (24 h), bacterial counts increased, whereas the forward light scatter of leukocytes decreased (P <0.01). Casts and yeast cells reported by the UF-100 should be confirmed by microscopic review because false positives occurred. We suggest that a computer-assisted cross-check of UF-100 and dipstick data allows a clinically acceptable sieving system to reduce the workload of microscopic sediment urinalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel R Langlois
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry, University HospitalGent, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Joris R Delanghe
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry, University HospitalGent, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Sophia R Steyaert
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry, University HospitalGent, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Karel C Everaert
- Departments of Urology, University Hospital Gent, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Marc L De Buyzere
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry, University HospitalGent, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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Dorizzi RM, Caputo M. Measurement of urine relative density using refractometer and reagent strips. Clin Chem Lab Med 1998; 36:925-8. [PMID: 9915224 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1998.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The relative density of urine is the ratio of its density to that of water and depends on both the number and weight of solute particles in the sample, while osmolality depends only on the number of solute particles. Water metabolism is regulated by the interaction of the renal medullary countercurrent system with the circulating levels of antidiuretic hormone and thirst. The concentration of solids in urine can be measured by weighing, hydrometry, oscillations of a capillary tube, refractometry and reagent strip. These techniques, interrelated but not identical, are commonly used in hospital laboratories and in clinical wards. We compared the results obtained in 1725 urine samples of inpatients and outpatients using an automated refractometer to those obtained using two visually read dip stick tests. The correlation coefficients (Super Aution analyser vs. Aution Sticks 10EA, Aution Sticks 10 EA vs. N-Multistix, Super Aution analyser vs. N-Multisticks were 0.663, 0.645 and 0.514, respectively) and the great dispersion of mountain plots demonstrates that different techniques are not interchangeable in the measurement of relative density. Since the results obtained after discarding the samples with pH higher than 7 and those containing glucose or protein were very similar to the ones reported above, the role of these interferents appears negligible in inducing the discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Dorizzi
- Laboratorio Analisi Chimico Cliniche ed Ematologiche, Azienda Ospedaliera di Verona, Italy.
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Moore RR, Hirata-Dulas CA, Kasiske BL. Use of urine specific gravity to improve screening for albuminuria. Kidney Int 1997; 52:240-3. [PMID: 9211369 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1997.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) can be used to measure urine albumin excretion rates, but is inconvenient and expensive. More rapid and less expensive screening methods estimate only albumin concentration and are subject to errors caused by variation in urine volume. We examined whether urine specific gravity could be used in place of urine creatinine to correct albumin concentration for differences in urine volume in 50 patients. Urine specific gravity accurately estimated urine creatinine concentration (r = 0.79, P < 0.001). The albumin estimated-creatinine ratio (ACestR) in random spot urine sample correlated with urine albumin excretion measured in a 24-hour urine collection (r = 0.98, P < 0.001), as did the ACR (r = 0.95, P < 0.001). For determining microalbuminuria, the sensitivity (0.88) and specificity (0.93) of the ACestR were similar to those of ACR (0.89 and 0.93, respectively). Unfortunately, the sensitivity (0.63) of the Micral-Test was relatively poor, and was only slightly improved by correcting for urine specific gravity (0.69) in this small sample of patients. Nevertheless, these results suggest that as rapid methods for measuring urine albumin concentration improve, combining them with urine specific gravity might produce a less expensive and more convenient alternative to the ACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Moore
- Luther-Midelfort Hospital, Mayo Health System, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
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