1
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Bangoria P, Patel A, Shah AR. Thermotolerant and protease-resistant GH5 family β-mannanase with CBM1 from Penicillium aculeatum APS1: purification and characterization. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:107. [PMID: 36875958 PMCID: PMC9975144 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In past several years, mannanases has attracted many researchers owing to its extensive industrial applications. The search for novel mannanases with high stability still continues. Present investigation was focused on purification of extracellular β-mannanase from Penicillium aculeatum APS1 and its characterization. APS1 mannanase was purified to homogeneity by chromatography techniques. Protein identification by MALDI-TOF MS/MS revealed that the enzyme belongs to GH family 5 and subfamily 7, and possesses CBM1. The molecular weight was found to be 40.6 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH of APS1 mannanase were 70 °C and 5.5, respectively. APS1 mannanase was found to be highly stable at 50 °C and tolerant at 55-60 °C. The enzyme was very sensitive to Mn+2, Hg+2 and Co+2 metal ions and stimulated by Zn+2. Inhibition of activity by N-bromosuccinimide suggested key role of tryptophan residues for catalytic activity. The purified enzyme was efficient in hydrolysis of locust bean gum, guar gum and konjac gum and kinetic studies revealed highest affinity towards locust bean gum (LBG). APS1 mannanase was found to be protease resistant. Looking at the properties, APS1 mannanase can be a valuable candidate for applications in bioconversion of mannan-rich substrates into value-added products and also in food and feed processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Bangoria
- P. G. Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Satellite Campus, Bakrol, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, Gujarat 388315 India
| | - Amisha Patel
- P. G. Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Satellite Campus, Bakrol, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, Gujarat 388315 India
| | - Amita R. Shah
- P. G. Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Satellite Campus, Bakrol, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, Gujarat 388315 India
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2
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Fang S, Yan J. Analysis of prokaryotic microbial diversity in hot spring water from Bantang (China) using the targeted amplicon analysis. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2049899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Fang
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Chaohu University, Chaohu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Yan
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Chaohu University, Chaohu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Microbial Peptidase in Food Processing: Current State of the Art and Future Trends. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-03965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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4
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Sedaghat S, Tabatabai Yazdi F, Mortazavi A, Shahidi F. Enhancement of alkaline protease production of Bacillus strains isolated from dairy sludge under cold, salt and ultrasound stress. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Mathan Kumar R, Jani K, Parvathi JR, Thomas BM, Raja SSS, Pandey A, Sharma A. Bacterial diversity of geochemically distinct hot springs located in Maharashtra, India. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:110. [PMID: 34978617 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial diversity of four thermally different hot springs of Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra, India, was investigated using culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. A total of 144 bacterial cultures were isolated and identified using MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Culture-independent analysis by Ion Torrent sequencing targeting the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene revealed the predominance of Firmicutes across all the hot springs, followed by Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Armatimonadetes, Actinobacteria, Nitrospirae, Acidobacteria, and Deinococcus-Thermus, with subtle differences in their abundance. At the lower taxonomic rank of genus, we noted the prevalence of Acinetobacter followed by Clostridium, Planomicrobium, Bacillus, Streptomyces, and Leptolyngbya. Metagenomics imputation using in silico approach revealed divergence in the metabolic capabilities of bacterial communities along the thermal gradient of host springs, with site TS (63 °C) featuring the abundant functional gene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mathan Kumar
- Government College of Arts and Science, Kurumbalur, Perambalur, (Formerly, Bharathidasan University Constituent College, Perambalur), Kurumbalur, Tamil Nadu, 621212, India
| | - Kunal Jani
- DBT-National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411007, India
| | - J R Parvathi
- Somaiya Institute for Research and Consultancy (SIRAC), Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Mumbai, 400077, India
| | - Becky M Thomas
- Somaiya Institute for Research and Consultancy (SIRAC), Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Mumbai, 400077, India.,CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Pune, 412112, India
| | - Suresh S S Raja
- Government College of Arts and Science, Kurumbalur, Perambalur, (Formerly, Bharathidasan University Constituent College, Perambalur), Kurumbalur, Tamil Nadu, 621212, India
| | - Anita Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehra Dun, 248002, India
| | - Avinash Sharma
- DBT-National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411007, India.
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6
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Farooq S, Nazir R, Ganai BA, Mushtaq H, Dar GJ. Psychrophilic and psychrotrophic bacterial diversity of Himalayan Thajwas glacial soil, India. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Kumari M, Padhi S, Sharma S, Phukon LC, Singh SP, Rai AK. Biotechnological potential of psychrophilic microorganisms as the source of cold-active enzymes in food processing applications. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:479. [PMID: 34790503 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms striving in extreme environments and exhibiting optimal growth and reproduction at low temperatures, otherwise known as psychrophilic microorganisms, are potential sources of cold-active enzymes. Owing to higher stability and cold activity, these enzymes are gaining enormous attention in numerous industrial bioprocesses. Applications of several cold-active enzymes have been established in the food industry, e.g., β-galactosidase, pectinase, proteases, amylases, xylanases, pullulanases, lipases, and β-mannanases. The enzyme engineering approaches and the accumulating knowledge of protein structure and function have made it possible to improve the catalytic properties of interest and express the candidate enzyme in a heterologous host for a higher level of enzyme production. This review compiles the relevant and recent information on the potential uses of different cold-active enzymes in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Kumari
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Sikkim, India
| | - Srichandan Padhi
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Sikkim, India
| | - Swati Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Sikkim, India
| | - Loreni Chiring Phukon
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Sikkim, India
| | - Sudhir P Singh
- Centre of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali, India
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Sikkim, India
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8
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Farooq S, Nazir R, Ganai SA, Ganai BA. Isolation and characterization of a new cold-active protease from psychrotrophic bacteria of Western Himalayan glacial soil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12768. [PMID: 34140593 PMCID: PMC8211794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92197-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As an approach to the exploration of cold-active enzymes, in this study, we isolated a cold-active protease produced by psychrotrophic bacteria from glacial soils of Thajwas Glacier, Himalayas. The isolated strain BO1, identified as Bacillus pumilus, grew well within a temperature range of 4-30 °C. After its qualitative and quantitative screening, the cold-active protease (Apr-BO1) was purified. The Apr-BO1 had a molecular mass of 38 kDa and showed maximum (37.02 U/mg) specific activity at 20 °C, with casein as substrate. It was stable and active between the temperature range of 5-35 °C and pH 6.0-12.0, with an optimum temperature of 20 °C at pH 9.0. The Apr-BO1 had low Km value of 1.0 mg/ml and Vmax 10.0 µmol/ml/min. Moreover, it displayed better tolerance to organic solvents, surfactants, metal ions and reducing agents than most alkaline proteases. The results exhibited that it effectively removed the stains even in a cold wash and could be considered a decent detergent additive. Furthermore, through protein modelling, the structure of this protease was generated from template, subtilisin E of Bacillus subtilis (PDB ID: 3WHI), and different methods checked its quality. For the first time, this study reported the protein sequence for psychrotrophic Apr-BO1 and brought forth its novelty among other cold-active proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Farooq
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India ,grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Microbiology Research Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India Jammu and Kashmir 190006
| | - Ruqeya Nazir
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Microbiology Research Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India Jammu and Kashmir 190006
| | - Shabir Ahmad Ganai
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, FoA, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 193201 India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Microbiology Research Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, India Jammu and Kashmir 190006
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9
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Leng W, Gao R, Wu X, Zhou J, Sun Q, Yuan L. Genome sequencing of cold-adapted Planococcus bacterium isolated from traditional shrimp paste and protease identification. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:3225-3236. [PMID: 33222174 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychrophiles have evolved to adapt to freezing environments, and cold-adapted enzymes from these organisms can maintain high catalytic activity at low temperature. The use of cold-adapted enzymes has great potential for the revolution of food and molecular biology industries. RESULTS In this study, four different strains producing protease were isolated from traditional fermented shrimp paste, one of which, named Planococcus maritimus XJ11 by 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence analysis, exhibited the largest protein hydrolysis clear zone surrounding the colonies. Meanwhile, the strain P. maritimus XJ11 was selected for further investigation because of its great adaptation to low temperature, low salinity and alkaline environment. The enzyme activity assay of P. maritimus XJ11 indicated that the optimum conditions for catalytic activity were pH 10.0 and 40 °C. Moreover, the enzyme also showed an increasing activity with temperatures from 10 to 40 °C and retained more than 67% activity of the maximum over a broad range of salinity (50-150 g L-1 ). Genome sequencing analysis revealed that strain XJ11 possessed one circular chromosome of 3 282 604 bp and one circular plasmid of 67 339 bp, with a total number of 3293 open reading frames (ORFs). Besides, 21 genes encoding protease, including three serine proteases, were identified through the NR database. CONCLUSION Cold-adapted bacterium P. maritimus XJ11 was capable of producing alkaline proteases with high catalytic efficiency at low or moderate temperatures. Furthermore, the favorable psychrophilic and enzymatic characters of strain P. maritimus XJ11 seem to have a promising potential for industrial application. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Leng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Quancai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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10
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Bertsch P, Böcker L, Mathys A, Fischer P. Proteins from microalgae for the stabilization of fluid interfaces, emulsions, and foams. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Furhan J, Nissar J. Cold-Adapted Serine Metalloprotease from Serratia DLCP2: Purification, Characterization and Industrial Potential. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Wang H, Song P, Li X, Wang Y, Gui S, Liu Y, Lu F. Screening of the candidate inhibitory peptides of subtilisin by in vitro RNA display technique. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1162-1167. [PMID: 32673721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The application of inhibitors facilitates the stable preservation of enzyme in liquid detergent by mitigating the proteolytic activity of subtilisin. The conventionally used subtilisin inhibitors such as boric acid pose a threat to the environment and human health. Thus, the formulation of novel subtilisin inhibitors demands immediate attention. In the current study, we have screened the peptide inhibitors for subtilisin by employing the in vitro mRNA display technique. It is a sensitive screening technique with a high library capacity. The affinity screening was performed between the biotin-modified subtilisin immobilized on the streptavidin magnetic beads and the cDNA-mRNA-peptide fusion molecular library acquired from the in vitro translation and reverse transcription. The candidate peptides with high affinity were obtained after multiple rounds of screening. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect was evaluated, showing that some candidate peptides had inhibitory effects, but the isothermal titration calorimetry and time dependent experiments ultimately proved that these candidate peptides were not stable inhibitors. However, the in vitro mRNA display method explored in this study can be used as a preliminary screening method to provide candidate peptides for the screening of subtilisin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ping Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yufa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Shuqi Gui
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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13
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Tacias-Pascacio VG, Morellon-Sterling R, Siar EH, Tavano O, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Use of Alcalase in the production of bioactive peptides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2143-2196. [PMID: 33091472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to cover the uses of the commercially available protease Alcalase in the production of biologically active peptides since 2010. Immobilization of Alcalase has also been reviewed, as immobilization of the enzyme may improve the final reaction design enabling the use of more drastic conditions and the reuse of the biocatalyst. That way, this review presents the production, via Alcalase hydrolysis of different proteins, of peptides with antioxidant, angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory, metal binding, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities (among other bioactivities) and peptides that improve the functional, sensory and nutritional properties of foods. Alcalase has proved to be among the most efficient proteases for this goal, using different protein sources, being especially interesting the use of the protein residues from food industry as feedstock, as this also solves nature pollution problems. Very interestingly, the bioactivities of the protein hydrolysates further improved when Alcalase is used in a combined way with other proteases both in a sequential way or in a simultaneous hydrolysis (something that could be related to the concept of combi-enzymes), as the combination of proteases with different selectivities and specificities enable the production of a larger amount of peptides and of a smaller size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico; Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | | | - El-Hocine Siar
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Equipe TEPA, Laboratoire LNTA, INATAA, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Olga Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal Univ., 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, Member of the External Scientific Advisory Board, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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14
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Yuan F, Li K, Zhou C, Zhou H, Liu H, Chai H, Lu F, Zhang H. Identification of two novel highly inducible promoters from Bacillus licheniformis by screening transcriptomic data. Genomics 2020; 112:1866-1871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Al-Ghanayem AA, Joseph B. Current prospective in using cold-active enzymes as eco-friendly detergent additive. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2871-2882. [PMID: 32037467 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advanced developments in the field of enzyme technology have increased the use of enzymes in industrial applications, especially in detergents. Enzymes as detergent additives have been extensively studied and the demand is considerably increasing due to its distinct properties and potential applications. Enzymes from microorganisms colonized at various geographical locations ranging from extreme hot to cold are explored for compatibility studies as detergent additives. Especially psychrophiles growing at cold conditions have cold-active enzymes with high catalytic activity and their stability under extreme conditions makes it as an appropriate eco-friendly and cost-effective additive in detergents. Adequate number of reports are available on cold-active enzymes such as proteases, lipases, amylases, and cellulases with high efficiency and exceptional features. These enzymes with increased thermostability and alkaline stability have become the premier choice as detergent additives. Modern approaches in genomics and proteomics paved the way to understand the compatibility of cold-active enzymes as detergent additives in broader dimensions. The molecular techniques such as gene coding, amino acid sequencing, and protein engineering studies helped to solve the mysteries related to alkaline stability of these enzymes and their chemical compatibility with oxidizing agents. The present review provides an overview of cold-active enzymes used as detergent additives and molecular approaches that resulted in development of these enzymes as commercial hit in detergent industries. The scope and challenges in using cold-active enzymes as eco-friendly and sustainable detergent additive are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Al-Ghanayem
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Babu Joseph
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Enzymes from Marine Polar Regions and Their Biotechnological Applications. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17100544. [PMID: 31547548 PMCID: PMC6835263 DOI: 10.3390/md17100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microorganisms that evolved at low temperatures express cold-adapted enzymes endowed with unique catalytic properties in comparison to their mesophilic homologues, i.e., higher catalytic efficiency, improved flexibility, and lower thermal stability. Cold environments are therefore an attractive research area for the discovery of enzymes to be used for investigational and industrial applications in which such properties are desirable. In this work, we will review the literature on cold-adapted enzymes specifically focusing on those discovered in the bioprospecting of polar marine environments, so far largely neglected because of their limited accessibility. We will discuss their existing or proposed biotechnological applications within the framework of the more general applications of cold-adapted enzymes.
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17
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Biochemical Characteristics of Microbial Enzymes and Their Significance from Industrial Perspectives. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:579-601. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Patel A, Matsakas L, Rova U, Christakopoulos P. A perspective on biotechnological applications of thermophilic microalgae and cyanobacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 278:424-434. [PMID: 30685131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The importance of expanding our knowledge on microorganisms derived from extreme environments stems from the development of novel and sustainable technologies for our health, food, and environment. Microalgae and cyanobacteria represent a group of diverse microorganisms that inhabit a wide range of environments, are capable of oxygenic photosynthesis, and form a thick microbial mat even at extreme environments. Studies of thermophilic microorganisms have shown a considerable biotechnological potential due to their optimum growth and metabolisms at high temperatures (≥50 °C), which is supported by their thermostable enzymes. Microalgal and cyanobacterial communities present in high-temperature ecosystems account for a large part of the total ecosystem biomass and productivity, and can be exploited to generate several value-added products of agricultural, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and industrial relevance. This review provides an overview on the current status of biotechnological applications of thermophilic microalgae and cyanobacteria, with an outlook on the challenges and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
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19
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Enzymatic Bioremediation: Current Status, Challenges of Obtaining Process, and Applications. MICROORGANISMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7462-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Furhan J, Awasthi P, Sharma S. Biochemical characterization and homology modelling of cold-active alkophilic protease from Northwestern Himalayas and its application in detergent industry. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Cold survival strategies for bacteria, recent advancement and potential industrial applications. Arch Microbiol 2018; 201:1-16. [PMID: 30478730 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms have evolved themselves to thrive under various extreme environmental conditions such as extremely high or low temperature, alkalinity, and salinity. These microorganisms adapted several metabolic processes to survive and reproduce efficiently under such extreme environments. As the major proportion of earth is covered with the cold environment and is exploited by human beings, these sites are not pristine anymore. Human interventions are a great reason for disturbing the natural biogeochemical cycles in these regions. The survival strategies of these organisms have shown great potential for helping us to restore these pristine sites and the use of isolated cold-adapted enzymes from these organisms has also revolutionized various industrial products. This review gives you the insight of psychrophilic enzyme adaptations and their industrial applications.
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22
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Li N, Han X, Xu S, Li C, Wei X, Liu Y, Zhang R, Tang X, Zhou J, Huang Z. Glycoside Hydrolase Family 39 β-Xylosidase of Sphingomonas Showing Salt/Ethanol/Trypsin Tolerance, Low-pH/Low-Temperature Activity, and Transxylosylation Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9465-9472. [PMID: 30132665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mining for novel enzymes from new microorganisms is a way to obtain β-xylosidases with promising applications. A Sphingomonas β-xylosidase was expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant enzyme (rJB13GH39) was most active at pH 4.5 and 50 °C, retaining 10%-50% of its maximum activity at 0-20 °C. Most salts and chemical reagents including 3.0%-20.0% (w/v) NaCl showed little or no effect on the enzymatic activity. rJB13GH39 exhibited 71.9% and 55.2% activity in 10.0% and 15.0% (v/v) ethanol, respectively. rJB13GH39 was stable below 60 °C in 3.0%-30.0% (w/v) NaCl, 3.0%-20.0% (v/v) ethanol, and 2.2-87.0 mg/mL trypsin. The enzyme transferred one xylosyl moiety to certain sugars and alcohols. The salt/ethanol tolerance and low-temperature activity of the enzyme may be attributed to its high structural flexibility caused by high proportions of small amino acids ACDGNSTV and random coils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment , Yunnan, Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Han
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment , Yunnan, Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shujing Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment , Yunnan, Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment , Yunnan, Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment , Yunnan, Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment , Yunnan, Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghua Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment , Yunnan, Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Junpei Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment , Yunnan, Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zunxi Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment , Yunnan, Kunming , 650500 , People's Republic of China
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Ribeiro Júnior JC, Teider Junior PI, Oliveira AL, Rios EA, Tamanini R, Beloti V. Proteolytic and lipolytic potential of Pseudomonas spp. from goat and bovine raw milk. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Pseudomonas, the main genus of gram-negative microorganisms isolated from milk, is psychrotrophic, biofilm-forming, and thermo-resistant deteriorating enzyme producers. The aim of this study was to quantify Pseudomonas spp. in goat’s and cow’s milk produced in the Paraná state, Brazil, to evaluate the deteriorating activity of the isolates at mesophilic and psychrotrophic conditions and to identify, at the species level, the isolates with alkaline metalloprotease (aprX gene) production potential. Microbiological, biochemical and molecular methods were used for isolating, confirming and identifying of isolates. The mean counts were 1.6 (±6.3)x104 and 0.89(±3)x102 CFU/mL for goat and bovine milk samples, respectively, immediately after milking. Of the Pseudomonas colonies isolated from goat milk (n=60), 91.7% showed proteolytic potential when incubated at 35°C/48 h and 80% at 7°C/10 days, and lipolytic potential was observed in 95% of the isolates incubated in mesophilic and 78.3% at refrigeration conditions. From the isolates of bovine milk (n=20), 35% showed proteolytic activity only when incubated at 35°C/48 h, and lipolytic potential was observed in 25% of the isolates incubated at 7°C/10d and 35°C/48h. It was observed that 83.3% and 25% of the isolates genetically confirmed as Pseudomonas spp. of goat and bovine milk showed the potential for alkaline metalloprotease production, with the species P. azotoformans, P. koreensis, P. gessardii, P. monteilii and P. lurida being the most frequent in goat milk and P. aeruginosa the only species identified in cow milk.
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24
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Verma JP, Jaiswal DK, Krishna R, Prakash S, Yadav J, Singh V. Characterization and Screening of Thermophilic Bacillus Strains for Developing Plant Growth Promoting Consortium From Hot Spring of Leh and Ladakh Region of India. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1293. [PMID: 29997578 PMCID: PMC6028593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, the main aim is to identify and characterize the potential drought tolerant plant growth promoting consortium for agricultural productivity. Three bacterial isolates were isolated from hot spring of Chumathang area of Leh district. Bacillus species (BHUJP-H1, BHUJP-H2, and BHUJP-H3) were done some biochemical tests including catalase, cellulase, amylase, indole-3-acetic acid, phosphate solubilisation, production of ammonia, siderophore, and hydrogen cyanide. Molecular characterization of isolates was done by 16S rDNA sequencing, e.g., Bacillus subtilis BHUJP-H1 (KU312403), Bacillus sp. BHUJP-H2 (KU312404) and B. licheniformis BHUJP-H3 (KU312405). The genetic diversity of the isolates was assessed by seven inter simple sequence repeat, all primer shows high polymorphism. The highest polymorphism efficiency and polymorphism information content showed by UBC-809 and UBC-836 which were 100% and 0.44 respectively, the lowest is by UBC-807 75% and 0.28 respectively. On an average 90.69% polymorphism efficiency and 0.40 polymorphism information contents obtained by used markers. The highest, 11.08 and the lowest, 4.50 effective multiplex ratios obtained for primer UBC-823 and UBC-807, on an average 7.99 effective multiplex ratio obtained. The highest, 4.89 and the lowest, 1.25 marker indexes obtained by UBC-836 and UBC-807 respectively and on an average 3.24 obtained. The UPGMA cluster analysis divided a population into two clusters I and II, in which BHUJP-H1 and BHUJP-H2 grouped under same while BHUJP-H3 grouped under another cluster. The treatment combination of Bacillus subtilis BHUJP-H1, B. subtilis BHUJP-H1+ B. licheniformis BHUJP-H3 and B. subtilis BHUJP-H1+ Bacillus sp. BHUJP-H2+ B. licheniformis BHUJP-H3 were recorded better combination for enhancing plant growth attributes of Vigna radiata as compared to control and others. The plant growth promoting consortium, e.g., Bacillus subtilis BHUJP-H1, Bacillus subtilis BHUJP-H1+ B. licheniformis BHUJP-H3 and B. subtilis BHUJP-H1+ Bacillus sp. BHUJP-H2+ B. licheniformis BHUJP-H3 can be further used as effective microbial inoculant for enhancing the production of mungbean in field conditions. Bacillus sp. BHUJP-H1 and Bacillus sp. BHUJP-H2 may use as drought tolerant plant growth promoting consortium for enhancing the sustainable agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Verma
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ram Krishna
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Satya Prakash
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Janardan Yadav
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vijai Singh
- Synthetic Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
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25
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Cold active pectinase, amylase and protease production by yeast isolates obtained from environmental samples. Extremophiles 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-018-1020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Kissoudi M, Sarakatsianos I, Samanidou V. Isolation and purification of food-grade C-phycocyanin from Arthrospira platensis and its determination in confectionery by HPLC with diode array detection. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:975-981. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kissoudi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Ioannis Sarakatsianos
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Victoria Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
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27
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Serge NE, Laurette Blandine MK, Kumar S, Clergé T, Vijayalakshmi M. Extraction, purification, and biochemical characterization of serine protease from leaves of Abrus precatorius. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 47:1016-1024. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1373289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ngangoum Eric Serge
- Bioprocess Laboratory, Institute University of Technology, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
- Centre for Bio-separation Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sanjit Kumar
- Bioprocess Laboratory, Institute University of Technology, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Tchiégang Clergé
- Bioprocess Laboratory, Institute University of Technology, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
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28
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Daskaya-Dikmen C, Yucetepe A, Karbancioglu-Guler F, Daskaya H, Ozcelik B. Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme (ACE)-Inhibitory Peptides from Plants. Nutrients 2017; 9:E316. [PMID: 28333109 PMCID: PMC5409655 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is an important factor in cardiovascular diseases. Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors like synthetic drugs are widely used to control hypertension. ACE-inhibitory peptides from food origins could be a good alternative to synthetic drugs. A number of plant-based peptides have been investigated for their potential ACE inhibitor activities by using in vitro and in vivo assays. These plant-based peptides can be obtained by solvent extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis with or without novel food processing methods, and fermentation. ACE-inhibitory activities of peptides can be affected by their structural characteristics such as chain length, composition and sequence. ACE-inhibitory peptides should have gastrointestinal stability and reach the cardiovascular system to show their bioactivity. This paper reviews the current literature on plant-derived ACE-inhibitory peptides including their sources, production and structure, as well as their activity by in vitro and in vivo studies and their bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Daskaya-Dikmen
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
| | - Aysun Yucetepe
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
| | - Funda Karbancioglu-Guler
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
| | - Hayrettin Daskaya
- Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul 34093, Turkey.
| | - Beraat Ozcelik
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
- BIOACTIVE Research & Innovation Food Manufacturing Industry Trade LTD Co., Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
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29
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Panda AK, Bisht SS, De Mandal S, Kumar NS. Bacterial and archeal community composition in hot springs from Indo-Burma region, North-east India. AMB Express 2016; 6:111. [PMID: 27832517 PMCID: PMC5104702 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and archaeal diversity of two alkaline Indian hot springs, Jakrem (Meghalaya) and Yumthang (Sikkim), were studied. Thirteen major bacterial phyla were identified of which Firmicutes, Chloroflexi and Thermi were dominant in Jakrem and Proteobacteria in Yumthang. The dominant genera were Clostridium, Chloroflexus and Meiothermus at Jakrem (water temperature 46 °C, pH 9) and Thiobacillus, Sulfuritalea at Yumthang (water temperature 39 °C, pH 8) hot springs. The four Euryarchaeota taxa that were observed in both the hot springs were Methanoculleus, Methanosaeta, Methanosarcina and Methanocorposculum. Elstera litoralis, Thiovirga sp., Turneriella sp. were observed for the first time in association with hot springs along with Tepidibacter sp., Ignavibacterium sp., Teribacillus sp. and Dechloromonas sp. Individual bacterial phyla were found to be specifically correlated with certain physico-chemical factors such as temperature, dissolved SiO2, elemental S, total sulphide, calcium concentrations in hot spring water. Bacterial reads involved in sulfur cycle were identified in both16S rRNA gene library and sulfur metabolism may play key physiological functions in this hot spring. Members within Desulfobacterales and Thermodesulfovibrionaceae were identified and hypothesized their role in regulating sulfur cycle. The presence of many taxonomically unsolved sequences in the 16S rRNA gene tag datasets from these hot springs could be a sign of novel microbe richness in these less known hot water bodies of Northeastern India.
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30
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Mageswari A, Subramanian P, Chandrasekaran S, Karthikeyan S, Gothandam KM. Systematic functional analysis and application of a cold-active serine protease from a novel Chryseobacterium sp. Food Chem 2016; 217:18-27. [PMID: 27664603 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychrotolerant bacteria isolated from natural and artificially cold environments were screened for synthesis of cold-active protease. The strain IMDY showing the highest protease production at 5°C was selected and phylogenetic analysis revealed that IMDY as novel bacterium with Chryseobacterium soli(T) as its nearest neighbor. Classical optimization enhanced the protease production from 18U/mg to 26U/mg and the enzyme was found to be active at low temperature, activity enhanced by CaCl2, inhibited by PMSF, stable against NaCl, and its activity retained in the presence of surfactants, organic solvents and detergents. On testing, the meat tenderization, myofibril fragmentation, pH, and TBA values were favorable in IMDY-protease treated meat compared to control. SDS profiling and SEM analysis also showed tenderization in meat samples. Hence, this study proposes to consider the cold-active protease from Chryseobacterium sp. IMDY as a pertinent candidate to develop potential applications in food processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbazhagan Mageswari
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parthiban Subramanian
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology (Metabolic Engineering Division), National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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31
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Dong M, Yang Y, Tang X, Shen J, Xu B, Li J, Wu Q, Zhou J, Ding J, Han N, Mu Y, Huang Z. NaCl-, protease-tolerant and cold-active endoglucanase from Paenibacillus sp. YD236 isolated from the feces of Bos frontalis. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:746. [PMID: 27376014 PMCID: PMC4909688 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bos frontalis, which consumes
bamboo and weeds, may have evolved unique gastrointestinal microorganisms that digest cellulase. A Paenibacillus sp. YD236 strain was isolated from B. frontalis feces, from which a GH8 endoglucanase gene, pglue8 (1107 bp, 54.5 % GC content), encoding a 368-residue polypeptide (PgluE8, 40.4 kDa) was cloned. PgluE8 efficiently hydrolyzed barley-β-d-glucan followed by CMC-Na, soluble starch, laminarin, and glucan from black yeast optimally at pH 5.5 and 50 °C, and retained 78.6, 41.6, and 34.5 % maximum activity when assayed at 20, 10, and 0 °C, respectively. Enzyme activity remained above 176.6 % after treatment with 10.0 mM β-mercaptoethanol, and was 83.0, 78, and 56 % after pre-incubation in 30 % (w/v) NaCl, 16.67 mg/mL trypsin, and 160.0 mg/mL protease K, respectively. Cys23 and Cys364 residues were critical for PgluE8 activity. pglue8, identified from B. frontalis feces for the first time in this study, is a potential alternative for applications including food processing, washing, and animal feed preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Dong
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjuan Yang
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, No.1 Yuhua District, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghua Tang
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, No.1 Yuhua District, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Jidong Shen
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, No.1 Yuhua District, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Li
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, No.1 Yuhua District, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, No.1 Yuhua District, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Junpei Zhou
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, No.1 Yuhua District, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Junmei Ding
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, No.1 Yuhua District, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Nanyu Han
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, No.1 Yuhua District, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelin Mu
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, No.1 Yuhua District, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Zunxi Huang
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, No.1 Yuhua District, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China
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32
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A multi-tolerant low molecular weight mannanase from Bacillus sp. CSB39 and its compatibility as an industrial biocatalyst. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 92:76-85. [PMID: 27542747 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus sp. CSB39, isolated from popular traditional Korean food (Kimchi), produced a low molecular weight, thermostable mannanase (MnCSB39); 571.14U/mL using locust bean gum galactomannan as a major substrate. It was purified to homogeneity using a simple and effective two-step purification strategy, Sepharose CL-6B and DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow, which resulted in 25.47% yield and 19.32-fold purity. The surfactant-, NaCl-, urea-, and protease-tolerant monomeric protein had a mass of ∼30kDa as analyzed by SDS-PAGE and galactomannan zymography. MnCSB39 was found to have optimal activity at pH 7.5 and temperature of 70°C. The enzyme showed ˃55% activity at 5.0-15% (w/v) NaCl, and ˃93% of the initial activity after incubation at 37°C for 60min. Trypsin and proteinase K had no effect on MnCBS39. The enzyme showed ˃80% activity in up to 3M urea. The N-terminal amino acid sequence, ALKGDGX, did not show identity with reported mannanases, which suggests the novelty of our enzyme. Activation energy for galactomannan hydrolysis was 26.85kJmol(-1) with a Kcat of 142.58×10(4)s(-1). MnCSB39 had Km and Vmax values of 0.082mg/mL and 1099±1.0Umg(-1), respectively. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH, ΔG, ΔS, Q10, ΔGE-S, and ΔGE-T supported the spontaneous formation of products and the high hydrolytic efficiency and feasibility of the enzymatic reaction, which strengthen its novelty. MnCSB39 activity was affected by metal ions, modulators, chelators, and detergents. Mannobiose was the principal end-product of hydrolysis. Bacillus subtilis CSB39 produced a maximum of 1524.44U mannanase from solid state fermentation of 1g wheat bran. MnCSB39 was simple to purify, was active at a wide pH and temperature range, multi-stress tolerant and catalyzes a thermodynamically possible reaction, characteristics that suggests its suitability for application as an industrial biocatalyst.
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Lylloff JE, Hansen LBS, Jepsen M, Sanggaard KW, Vester JK, Enghild JJ, Sørensen SJ, Stougaard P, Glaring MA. Genomic and exoproteomic analyses of cold- and alkaline-adapted bacteria reveal an abundance of secreted subtilisin-like proteases. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 9:245-56. [PMID: 26834075 PMCID: PMC4767292 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases active at low temperature or high pH are used in many commercial applications, including the detergent, food and feed industries, and bacteria specifically adapted to these conditions are a potential source of novel proteases. Environments combining these two extremes are very rare, but offer the promise of proteases ideally suited to work at both high pH and low temperature. In this report, bacteria from two cold and alkaline environments, the ikaite columns in Greenland and alkaline ponds in the McMurdo Dry Valley region, Antarctica, were screened for extracellular protease activity. Two isolates, Arsukibacterium ikkense from Greenland and a related strain, Arsukibacterium sp. MJ3, from Antarctica, were further characterized with respect to protease production. Genome sequencing identified a range of potential extracellular proteases including a number of putative secreted subtilisins. An extensive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins secreted by A. ikkense identified six subtilisin‐like proteases as abundant components of the exoproteome in addition to other peptidases potentially involved in complete degradation of extracellular protein. Screening of Arsukibacterium genome libraries in Escherichia coli identified two orthologous secreted subtilisins active at pH 10 and 20°C, which were also present in the A. ikkense exoproteome. Recombinant production of both proteases confirmed the observed activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette E Lylloff
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg, 1871, Denmark
| | - Lea B S Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Jepsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg, 1871, Denmark
| | - Kristian W Sanggaard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan K Vester
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg, 1871, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren J Sørensen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Stougaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg, 1871, Denmark
| | - Mikkel A Glaring
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg, 1871, Denmark
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Extremophilic Proteases: Developments of Their Special Functions, Potential Resources and Biotechnological Applications. BIOTECHNOLOGY OF EXTREMOPHILES: 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13521-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Some like it hot, some like it cold: Temperature dependent biotechnological applications and improvements in extremophilic enzymes. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1912-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang R, Song Z, Wu Q, Zhou J, Li J, Mu Y, Tang X, Xu B, Ding J, Deng S, Huang Z. A novel surfactant-, NaCl-, and protease-tolerant β-mannanase from Bacillus sp. HJ14. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2015; 61:233-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-015-0430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Yadav AN, Sachan SG, Verma P, Kaushik R, Saxena AK. Cold active hydrolytic enzymes production by psychrotrophic Bacilli isolated from three sub-glacial lakes of NW Indian Himalayas. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 56:294-307. [PMID: 26933936 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of culturable, cold-active enzymes producing Bacilli was investigated from three sub-glacial lakes of north western Indian Himalayas. Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) using three restriction enzymes Alu I, Msp I, and Hae III led to the clustering of 136 Bacilli into 26, 23, and 22 clusters at 75% similarity index from Chandratal Lake, Dashair Lake, and Pangong Lake, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing led to the identification of 35 Bacilli that could be grouped in seven families viz.: Bacillaceae (48%), Staphylococcaceae (14%), Bacillales incertae sedis (13%), Planococcaceae (12%), Paenibacillaceae (9%), Sporolactobacillaceae (3%), and Carnobacteriaceae (1%), which included twelve different genera Bacillus, Desemzia, Exiguobacterium, Jeotgalicoccus, Lysinibacillus, Paenibacillus, Planococcus, Pontibacillus, Sinobaca, Sporosarcina, Staphylococcus, and Virgibacillus. Based on their optimal temperature for growth, 35 Bacilli were grouped as psychrophilic (11 strains), psychrotrophic (17 strains), or psychrotolerant (7 strains), respectively. The representative isolates from each cluster were screened for cold-active enzyme activities. Amylase, β-glucosidase, pectinase, and protease activities at 4 °C were detected in more than 80% of the strains while approximately 40, 31, 23, 14, 11, and 9% of strains possessed cellulase, xylanase, β-galactosidase, laccase, chitinase, and lipase activity, respectively. Among 35 Bacilli, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus marisflavi, Exiguobacterium indicum, Paenibacillus terrae, Pontibacillus sp., Sporosarcina globispora, and Sporosarcina psychrophila were efficient producers of different cold-active enzymes. These cold-adapted Bacilli could play an important role in industrial and agricultural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajar Nath Yadav
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.,Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | | | - Priyanka Verma
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Kaushik
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Panda AK, Bisht SS, Kumar NS, De Mandal S. Investigations on microbial diversity of Jakrem hot spring, Meghalaya, India using cultivation-independent approach. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 4:156-7. [PMID: 26484205 PMCID: PMC4535621 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Jakrem hot water spring is located in the West Khasi Hill District of the state of Meghalaya, and is one of the most popular hot springs of the state. There is a populist belief among the inhabitants and people that the hot spring water has got curative properties against various skin ailments. This is the first report on V3 hyper-variable region of 16S rDNA metagenome sequence employing Illumina platform to profile the microbial community of this less known hot spring from Meghalaya, India. Metagenome comprised of 10, 74,120 raw sequences with a sequence length of 151 bp and 56.35% G + C content. Metagenome sequence information is now available at NCBI, SRA database accession no. SRP056897. A total of 8, 77, 364 pre-processed reads were clustered into 694 OTUs (operational taxonomical units) comprising of 14 bacterial phyla including unknown phylum demonstrating 49 families. Hot spring bacterial community is dominated by Firmicutes (61.60%), Chloroflexi (21.37%), Cyanobacteria (12.96%) and unclassified bacteria (1.2%) respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Kumari Panda
- Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, Uttarakhand, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Satpal Singh Bisht
- Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Surajit De Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India
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Ertan H, Cassel C, Verma A, Poljak A, Charlton T, Aldrich-Wright J, Omar SM, Siddiqui KS, Cavicchioli R. A new broad specificity alkaline metalloprotease from a Pseudomonas sp. isolated from refrigerated milk: Role of calcium in improving enzyme productivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhou J, Peng M, Zhang R, Li J, Tang X, Xu B, Ding J, Gao Y, Ren J, Huang Z. Characterization of Sphingomonas sp. JB13 exo-inulinase: a novel detergent-, salt-, and protease-tolerant exo-inulinase. Extremophiles 2015; 19:383-93. [PMID: 25575614 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-014-0724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A glycoside hydrolase family 32 exo-inulinase gene was cloned from Sphingomonas sp. JB13 and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The purified recombinant enzyme (rInuAJB13) showed an apparently optimal activity at pH 5.5 and 55 °C and remained activity at 10-70 °C. The addition of most metal ions and chemical reagents showed little or no effect (retaining more than 76.5 % activity) on the enzyme activity, notably the addition of surfactants SDS, CTAB, Tween 80, and Triton X-100. Most local liquid detergents, including Balin, Walch, Ariel, Tide, Tupperware, and Bluemoon, also showed little or no effect (retaining more than 77.8 % activity) on the enzyme activity. rInuAJB13 exhibited 135.3-163.6 % activity at the NaCl concentration of 1.0-4.5 M. After incubation with up to 57.0 mg mL(-1) trypsin and 90.0 mg mL(-1) proteinase K at 37 °C for 60 min (pH 7.2), rInuAJB13 retained more than 80 % of its initial activity. The enzyme presents a high proportion (28.0 %) of amino acid residues G, A, and V. This paper is the first to report a detergent-, salt-, and protease-tolerant exo-inulinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
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Deciphering the diversity of culturable thermotolerant bacteria from Manikaran hot springs. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Vélez AM, Horta ACL, da Silva AJ, Iemma MRDC, Giordano RDLC, Zangirolami TC. Enhanced production of recombinant thermo-stable lipase in Escherichia coli at high induction temperature. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 90:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ryan BJ, Henehan GT. Overview of approaches to preventing and avoiding proteolysis during expression and purification of proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Chapter 5:Unit5.25. [PMID: 23377852 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps0525s71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are enzymes that cleave proteins. They occur widely in nature and play a fundamental role in cellular homeostasis; however, their presence can result in unwanted protein degradation during recombinant protein expression and purification. This unit introduces proteases, specifically focusing on the types commonly encountered during production of recombinant proteins. The strategies used to avoid and to prevent proteolysis are also described, with extensive consideration of the molecular, technical, and logistic methodologies involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J Ryan
- Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
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Fornbacke M, Clarsund M. Cold-adapted proteases as an emerging class of therapeutics. Infect Dis Ther 2013; 2:15-26. [PMID: 25135820 PMCID: PMC4108096 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-013-0002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases have been used in medicine for several decades and are an established and well tolerated class of therapeutic agent. These proteases were sourced from mammals or bacteria that exist or have adapted to moderate temperatures (mesophilic organisms); however, proteases derived from organisms from cold environments-cold-adapted or psychrophilic proteases-generally have high specific activity, low substrate affinity, and high catalytic rates at low and moderate temperatures. Made possible by greater flexibility, psychrophilic enzymes interact with and transform the substrate at lower energy costs. Cold-adapted proteases have been used in a wide range of applications, including industrial functions, textiles, cleaning/hygiene products, molecular biology, environmental bioremediations, consumer food products, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical production. In addition to these applications, they have also shown promise as therapeutic modalities for cosmeceutical applications (by reducing glabellar [frown] lines) and a number of disease conditions, including bacterial infections (by disrupting biofilms to prevent bacterial infection), topical wound management (when used as a debridement agent to remove necrotic tissue and fibrin clots), oral/dental health management (by removing plaque and preventing periodontal disease), and in viral infections (by reducing the infectivity of viruses, such as human rhinovirus 16 and herpes simplex virus). Psychrophilic proteases with greater activity and stability (than the original organism-derived variant) have been developed; this coupled with available manufacturing recombinant production techniques suggests that cold-adapted proteases have a promising future as a distinct therapeutic class with diverse clinical applications.
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