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Abstract
Regulated transport through the secretory pathway is essential for embryonic development and homeostasis. Disruptions in this process impact cell fate, differentiation and survival, often resulting in abnormalities in morphogenesis and in disease. Several congenital malformations are caused by mutations in genes coding for proteins that regulate cargo protein transport in the secretory pathway. The severity of mutant phenotypes and the unclear aetiology of transport protein-associated pathologies have motivated research on the regulation and mechanisms through which these proteins contribute to morphogenesis. This review focuses on the role of the p24/transmembrane emp24 domain (TMED) family of cargo receptors in development and disease.
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Qiu K, Zhang X, Wang S, Li C, Wang X, Li X, Wu Y. TMP21 in Alzheimer's Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and a Potential Target. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:328. [PMID: 31379512 PMCID: PMC6651510 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, which is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. Neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal loss are the major neuropathological hallmarks in AD brains. TMP21 is a key molecule for protein trafficking in cells. Growing evidence indicates that TMP21 is dysregulated in AD, which plays a pivotal role in neuritic plaque formation. Therefore, we aim to review the dysregulation of TMP21 in AD, the role of TMP21 in neuritic plaque formation and underlying mechanisms. Moreover, the potential role of TMP21 in neurofibrillary tangle formation, synaptic impairment and neuronal loss is discussed. It will provide an outlook into the potential of regulating TMP21 as a therapeutic approach for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Qiu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Mendoza G, Pemberton TJ. A new locus for autosomal dominant amelogenesis imperfecta on chromosome 8q24.3. Hum Genet 2007; 120:653-62. [PMID: 17024372 PMCID: PMC6174526 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-006-0246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a collective term used to describe phenotypically diverse forms of defective tooth enamel development. AI has been reported to exhibit a variety of inheritance patterns, and several loci have been identified that are associated with AI. We have performed a genome-wide scan in a large Brazilian family segregating an autosomal dominant form of AI and mapped a novel locus to 8q24.3. A maximum multipoint LOD score of 7.5 was obtained at marker D8S2334 (146,101,309 bp). The disease locus lies in a 1.9 cM (2.1 Mb) region according to the Rutgers Combined Linkage-Physical map, between a VNTR marker (at 143,988,705 bp) and the telomere (146,274,826 bp). Ten candidate genes were identified based on gene ontology and microarray-facilitated gene selection using the expression of murine orthologues in dental tissue, and examined for the presence of a mutation. However, no causative mutation was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Mendoza
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC-240, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Trevor J. Pemberton
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC-240, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Wang L, Li K, Cheng J, Lu YY, Zhang J, Hong TYCY, Liu Y, Wang G, Zhong YW. Screening of gene encoding of hepatic proteins interacting with Hcbp6 via yeast two hybridization. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:385-388. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i4.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To seek for hepatic proteins that interacted with protein encoded by Hcbp6 for exploring the biological function of Hcbp6.
METHODS Hcbp6 gene was introduced into pGBKT7, and then transformed into yeast AH109, which was mated with yeast Y187 (αtype) containing liver cDNA library plasmid in 2×YPDA medium. Diploid yeast was plated on synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) containing x-α-gal. Plasmids were extracted from positive colonies, and sequence analysis was performed by bioinformatics.
RESULTS Four kind of proteins including paralemmin, Ran binding protein 2, transmembrane transporting protein and albumin were identified to interact with Hcbp6 specifically.
CONCLUSION Hcbp6 proteins may belong to or be associated with formation of secretary proteins, more study needs to be done for clarifying its biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Tian-Yan Chen, Yuan Hong, Yan Liu, Gang Wang, Yan-Wei Zhong, Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ke Li
- Tian-Yan Chen, Yuan Hong, Yan Liu, Gang Wang, Yan-Wei Zhong, Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Tian-Yan Chen, Yuan Hong, Yan Liu, Gang Wang, Yan-Wei Zhong, Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yin-Ying Lu
- Tian-Yan Chen, Yuan Hong, Yan Liu, Gang Wang, Yan-Wei Zhong, Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Tian-Yan Chen, Yuan Hong, Yan Liu, Gang Wang, Yan-Wei Zhong, Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
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Kuiper RP, Waterham HR, Rötter J, Bouw G, Martens GJ. Differential induction of two p24delta putative cargo receptors upon activation of a prohormone-producing cell. Mol Biol Cell 2000; 11:131-40. [PMID: 10637296 PMCID: PMC14762 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.11.1.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The p24 family consists of type I transmembrane proteins that are present abundantly in transport vesicles, may play a role in endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi cargo transport, and have been classified into subfamilies named p24alpha, -beta, -gamma, and -delta. We previously identified a member of the p24delta subfamily that is coordinately expressed with the prohormone proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the melanotrope cells of the intermediate pituitary during black background adaptation of the amphibian Xenopus laevis ( approximately 30-fold increase in POMC mRNA). In this study, we report on the characterization of this p24delta member (Xp24delta(2)) and on the identification and characterization of a second member (Xp24delta(1)) that is also expressed in the melanotrope cells and that has 66% amino acid sequence identity to Xp24delta(2). The two p24delta members are ubiquitously expressed, but Xp24delta(2) is neuroendocrine enriched. During black background adaptation, the amount of the Xp24delta(2) protein in the intermediate pituitary was increased approximately 25 times, whereas Xp24delta(1) protein expression was increased only 2.5 times. Furthermore, the level of Xp24delta(2) mRNA was approximately 5-fold higher in the melanotrope cells of black-adapted animals than in those of white-adapted animals, whereas Xp24delta(1) mRNA expression was not induced. Therefore, the expression of Xp24delta(2) specifically correlates with the expression of POMC. Together, our findings suggest that p24delta proteins have a role in selective protein transport in the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Kuiper
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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