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Abdolvahab MH, Darvishi B, Zarei M, Majidzadeh-A K, Farahmand L. Interferons: role in cancer therapy. Immunotherapy 2020; 12:833-855. [PMID: 32635782 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling cytokines, secreted by host cells to induce protection against various disorders. IFNs can directly impact on tumor cells or indirectly induce the immune system to protect host cells. The expression levels of IFNs and its functions of are excellently modulated in a way to protect host cells from probable toxicities caused by extreme responses. The efficacy of anticancer therapies is correlated to IFNs signaling. Although IFN signaling is involved in induction of antitumor responses, chronic stimulation of the IFN signaling pathway can induce resistance to various antineoplasm therapies. Hence, IFNs are expressed by both cancer and immune cells, and modulate their biological function. Understanding this mechanism of action might be a key target of combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Haji Abdolvahab
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
| | - Behrad Darvishi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial & Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
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Zhang JB, Sun HC, Jia WD, Zhuang PY, Qian YB, Zhu XD, Kong LQ, Wang L, Wu WZ, Tang ZY. Up-regulation of platelet-derived growth factor-A is responsible for the failure of re-initiated interferon alpha treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:439. [PMID: 23025904 PMCID: PMC3517454 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative interferon-α(IFN-α) treatment delays hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) recurrence and prolongs patient survival, and may thus be an effective form of adjuvant therapy. However, clinical observations found that HCC recurs in some patients within 8 months of IFN-α treatment being discontinued. We investigated whether HCC regrowth appears after IFN-α is discontinued, whether re-initiated IFN-α is effective, and the underlying mechanisms of IFN-α treatment. METHODS The human HCC nude mouse model LCI-D20 was used to study the effects of IFN-α treatment, discontinued IFN-α treatment, and re-initiated IFN-α treatment on tumor growth. Tumor weight, microvessel density(MVD), serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumor cell apoptosis were analyzed. Angiogenesis-related factors were studied using cDNA microarray in different tumor samples and confirmed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blotting assays. Finally, imatinib was added with re-initiated IFN-α treatment to improve efficacy. RESULTS IFN-α (1.5 × 107 U/kg/day for 20 days) suppressed HCC growth by 60.3% and decreased MVD by 52.2% compared with the control. However, tumor regrowth occurred after IFN-α was discontinued, and re-initiated IFN-α treatment was not effective for inhibiting tumor growth or reducing MVD compared with a saline-treated group. cDNA microarray showed VEGF was down-regulated while platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) was up-regulated when IFN-α treatment was re-initiated. These findings were further confirmed with RT-PCR and Western blotting assay. The combination of imatinib with re-initiated IFN-α reduced HCC weight by 30.7% and decreased MVD by 31.1% compared with IFN-α treatment only (P=0.003 and 0.015, respectively). CONCLUSION Tumor regrowth occurred after IFN-α treatment was discontinued. Re-initiated IFN-α treatment was not effective and was associated with up-regulation of PDGF-A, while the VEGF remained suppressed. The combination of a PDGF-receptor inhibitor with IFN-α improved the effect of the re-initiated treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Bo Zhang
- Liver Cancer Insitute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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Clonal expansions of cytotoxic T cells exist in the blood of patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia but exhibit anergic properties and are eliminated by nucleoside analogue therapy. Blood 2010; 115:3580-8. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-10-246991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractT cells contribute to host-tumor interactions in patients with monoclonal gammopathies. Expansions of CD8+CD57+ T-cell receptor Vβ–positive (TCRVβ+)–restricted cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) clones are found in 48% of patients with multiple myeloma and confer a favorable prognosis. We now report that CTL clones with varying TCRVβ repertoire are present in 70% of patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM; n = 20). Previous nucleoside analog (NA) therapy, associated with increased incidence of transformation to aggressive lymphoma, significantly influenced the presence of TCRVβ expansions (χ2 = 11.6; P < .001), as 83% of patients without (n = 6) and only 7% with (n = 14) TCRVβ expansions had received NA. Clonality of CD3+CD8+CD57+TCRVβ+-restricted CTLs was confirmed by TCRVβ CDR3 size analysis and direct sequencing. The differential expression of CD3+CD8+CD57+TCRVβ+ cells was profiled using DNA microarrays and validated at mRNA and protein level. By gene set enrichment analysis, CTL clones expressed not only genes from cytotoxic pathways (GZMB, PRF1, FGFBP2) but also genes that suppress apoptosis, inhibit proliferation, arrest cell-cycle G1/S transition, and activate T cells (RAS, CSK, and TOB pathways). Proliferation tracking after stimulation confirmed their anergic state. Our studies demonstrate the incidence, NA sensitivity, and nature of clonal CTLs in WM and highlight mechanisms that cause anergy in these cells.
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Meissner M, Whiteside T, van Kuik-Romein P, Valesky E, van den Elsen P, Kaufmann R, Seliger B. Loss of interferon-γ inducibility of the MHC class II antigen processing pathway in head and neck cancer: evidence for post-transcriptional as well as epigenetic regulation. Br J Dermatol 2008; 158:930-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ferrantini M, Capone I, Belardelli F. Interferon-alpha and cancer: mechanisms of action and new perspectives of clinical use. Biochimie 2007; 89:884-93. [PMID: 17532550 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2007.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Interferons-alpha (IFN-alpha) are pleiotropic cytokines belonging to type I IFNs, extensively used in the treatment of patients with some types of cancer and viral disease. IFN-alpha can affect tumor cell functions by multiple mechanisms. In addition, these cytokines can promote the differentiation and activity of host immune cells. Early studies in mouse tumor models showed the importance of host immune mechanisms in the generation of a long-lasting antitumor response after treatment of the animals with IFN-alpha/beta. Subsequently, an ensemble of studies based on the use of genetically modified tumor cells expressing specific IFN molecules provided important information on the host-mediated antitumor mechanisms induced by the local production of IFN-alpha. Of note, several studies have then underscored new immunomodulatory effects of IFN-alpha, including activities on T cells and dendritic cells, which may lead to IFN-induced antitumor immunity. In addition, recent reports on new immune correlates in cancer patients responding to IFN-alpha represent additional evidence on the importance of the interactions of IFN-alpha with the immune system for the generation of a durable antitumor response. On the whole, this knowledge suggests the advantage of using these cytokines as adjuvants of cancer vaccines and for the in vitro generation of highly active dendritic cells to be utilized for therapeutic vaccination of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ferrantini
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Xiong Z, Yan Y, Liu E, Silver RT, Verstovsek S, Yang F, Wang H, Prchal J, Yang XF. Novel tumor antigens elicit anti-tumor humoral immune reactions in a subset of patients with polycythemia vera. Clin Immunol 2006; 122:279-87. [PMID: 17113348 PMCID: PMC2637448 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2006] [Revised: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We attempted to determine whether the immune reactions elicited by aberrantly expressed testis antigens contribute to the beneficial responses to interferon (IFN)-alpha therapy and other therapies in patients with polycythemia vera (PV). We screened a human testis cDNA library using SEREX (serological analysis of tumor antigens by screening an expression cDNA library with sera from three patients with PV who had undergone IFN-alpha-induced or other therapeutics-induced remission). We identified two novel PV associated tumor antigens, PV65 (eIF-2alpha) and PV13 (protamine 2). These 2 antigens elicited IgG antibody reactions in a subset of PV patients but not in healthy donors, suggesting that they are authentic tumor antigens. Increased phosphorylation of PV65 in response to stimulation of IFN-alpha, and upregulation of PV13 in tumor cells might enhance their abilities in elicitation of immune reactions in patients. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism underlying the regulation of the self-antigen repertoire in eliciting anti-tumor immune reactions in patients with polycythemia vera, and suggest their potential as the targets of novel immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Xiong Z, Liu E, Yan Y, Silver RT, Yang F, Chen IH, Chen Y, Verstovsek S, Wang H, Prchal J, Yang XF. An unconventional antigen translated by a novel internal ribosome entry site elicits antitumor humoral immune reactions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:4907-16. [PMID: 16982933 PMCID: PMC3902139 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.7.4907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Self-tumor Ags that elicit antitumor immune responses in responses to IFN-alpha stimulation remain poorly defined. We screened a human testis cDNA library with sera from three polycythemia vera patients who responded to IFN-alpha and identified a novel Ag, MPD6. MPD6 belongs to the group of cryptic Ags without conventional genomic structure and is encoded by a cryptic open reading frame located in the 3'-untranslated region of myotrophin mRNA. MPD6 elicits IgG Ab responses in a subset of polycythemia vera patients, as well as patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and prostate cancer, suggesting that it is broadly immunogenic. The expression of myotrophin-MPD6 transcripts was up-regulated in some tumor cells, but only slightly increased in K562 cells in response to IFN-alpha treatment. By using bicistronic reporter constructs, we showed that the translation of MPD6 was mediated by a novel internal ribosome entry site (IRES) upstream of the MPD6 reading frame. Furthermore, the MPD6-IRES-mediated translation, but not myotrophin-MPD6 transcription, was significantly up-regulated in response to IFN-alpha stimulation. These findings demonstrate that a novel IRES-mediated mechanism may be responsible for the translation of unconventional self-Ag MPD6 in responsive to IFN-alpha stimulation. The eliciting antitumor immune response against unconventional Ag MPD6 in patients with myeloproliferative diseases suggests MPD6 as a potential target of novel immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antigens, Neoplasm/physiology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/ultrastructure
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Gene Library
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/immunology
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polycythemia Vera/immunology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Ribosomes/chemistry
- Ribosomes/genetics
- Ribosomes/ultrastructure
- Testis/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Enli Liu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Richard T. Silver
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10021
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Irene H. Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Josef Prchal
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Xiao-Feng Yang, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140.
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Santini SM, Di Pucchio T, Lapenta C, Parlato S, Logozzi M, Belardelli F. The natural alliance between type I interferon and dendritic cells and its role in linking innate and adaptive immunity. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2002; 22:1071-80. [PMID: 12513906 DOI: 10.1089/10799900260442494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and thus play a pivotal role in induction of the immune response. Recent studies in both human and mouse models have shown that type I IFN, cytokines originally characterized for their antiviral activity and exerting multiple biologic effects, efficiently promote the differentiation and activation of DCs. These observations, together with the findings that DCs can express biologically relevant levels of type I interferon (IFN) and, in particular, that high amounts of these cytokines are released by specialized DC precursors (i.e., plasmacytoid DCs) in response to viral infections, strongly suggest the existence of a natural alliance between type I IFN and DCs, which is instrumental in ensuring an efficient immune response to both infectious agents and tumors. Further recent knowledge on the interactions between type I IFN and DCs emphasizes the importance of these cytokines in linking innate and adaptive immunity and may lead to new perspectives in their use as vaccine adjuvants as well as in strategies for the development of DC-based vaccines.
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Belardelli F, Ferrantini M, Proietti E, Kirkwood JM. Interferon-alpha in tumor immunity and immunotherapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2002; 13:119-34. [PMID: 11900988 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6101(01)00022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is a pleiotropic cytokine belonging to type I IFN, currently used in cancer patients. Early studies in mouse tumor models have shown the importance of host immune mechanisms in the generation of a long-lasting antitumor response to type I IFN. Recent studies have underscored new immunomodulatory effects of IFN-alpha, including activities on T and dendritic cells, which may explain IFN-induced tumor immunity. Reports on new immune correlates in cancer patients responding to IFN-alpha represent additional evidence on the importance of the interactions of IFN-alpha with the immune system for the generation of durable antitumor response. This knowledge, together with results from studies on genetically modified tumor cells expressing IFN-alpha, suggest novel strategies for using these cytokines in cancer immunotherapy and in particular the use of IFN-alpha as an immune adjuvant for the development of cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Belardelli
- Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Brassard DL, Grace MJ, Bordens RW. Interferon‐α as an immunotherapeutic protein. J Leukoc Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.71.4.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diana L. Brassard
- Bioanalytical Development, Schering‐Plough Research Institute, Union, New Jersey
| | - Michael J. Grace
- Bioanalytical Development, Schering‐Plough Research Institute, Union, New Jersey
| | - Ronald W. Bordens
- Bioanalytical Development, Schering‐Plough Research Institute, Union, New Jersey
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Fujii S, Shimizu K, Shimizu T, Lotze MT. Interleukin-10 promotes the maintenance of antitumor CD8(+) T-cell effector function in situ. Blood 2001; 98:2143-51. [PMID: 11568001 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.7.2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a multifunctional cytokine that can exert suppressive and stimulatory effects on T cells. It was investigated whether IL-10 could serve as an immunostimulant for specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell (CTL) in vivo after vaccination and, if so, under what conditions. In tumor prevention models, administration of IL-10 before, or soon after, peptide-pulsed primary dendritic cell immunization resulted in immune suppression and enhanced tumor progression. Injection of IL-10, however, just after a booster vaccine significantly enhanced antitumor immunity and vaccine efficacy. Analysis of spleen cells derived from these latter animals 3 weeks after IL-10 treatment revealed that the number of CD8(+) CD44(hi) CD122(+) T cells had increased and that antigen-specific proliferation in vitro was enhanced. Although cytotoxicity assays did not support differences between the various treatment groups, 2 more sensitive assays measuring antigen-specific interferon-gamma production at the single-cell level demonstrated increases in the number of antigen-specific responder T cells in animals in the vaccine/IL-10 treatment group. Thus, IL-10 may maintain the number of antitumor CD8(+) T cells. In adoptive transfer studies, the ability of IL-10 to maintain CTL function could be enhanced by the depletion of CD4(+) T cells. This suggests that IL-10 mediates contrasting effects on both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that result in either immune dampening or immune potentiation in situ, respectively. Appreciation of this dichotomy in IL-10 immunobiology may allow for the design of more effective cancer vaccines designed to activate and maintain specific CD8(+) T-cell effector function in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fujii
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA.
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