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Constitutive NF-κB activation in AML: Causes and treatment strategies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 98:35-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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2
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Franiak-Pietryga I, Sałagacka A, Maciejewski H, Błoński JZ, Borowiec M, Mirowski M, Robak T, Korycka-Wołowiec A. Apoptotic gene expression under influence of fludarabine and cladribine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia-microarray study. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:412-20. [PMID: 22661193 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A deep insight into gene expression profiling (GEP) is a key to understanding the background of disease. It can lead to identification of diagnostic and prognostic factors and then to a selection of the most appropriate therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in apoptotic gene expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells influenced by fludarabine (FA) or cladribine (2-CdA). METHODS GEP was performed in cells obtained from 10 untreated CLL patients and cultured in vitro with FA or 2-CdA. Ninety-three selected apoptotic genes were analyzed using 384 TaqMan® Low Density Arrays in pooled RNA. RESULTS Relevant results were found in a set of 27 genes, however, the most striking differences between FA and 2-CdA were observed in the following 5 genes: BAD, TNFRSF21, DAPK1, CARD 6 and CARD 9. CONCLUSION We have found some differences in apoptotic gene expression between FAand 2-CdA. These findings give prominence to genes qualifying for further studies currently conducted in our Department.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Cladribine/pharmacology
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcriptome
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vidarabine/analogs & derivatives
- Vidarabine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Franiak-Pietryga
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Ciołkowskiego 2, PL 93-510 Łódź, Poland
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Lessard L, Bégin LR, Gleave ME, Mes-Masson AM, Saad F. Nuclear localisation of nuclear factor-kappaB transcription factors in prostate cancer: an immunohistochemical study. Br J Cancer 2005; 93:1019-23. [PMID: 16205698 PMCID: PMC2361687 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports suggest that the canonical nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway is constitutively activated in a subset of prostate cancer cells. However, except for RelA (p65), little is known about the status of NF-κB transcription factors in prostate cancer tissues. To clarify the status of NF-κB subunits, we analysed the expression and subcellular localisation of RelA, RelB, c-Rel, p50, and p52 on tissue array sections containing respectively 344, 346, 369, 343, and 344 cores from 75 patients. The subcellular localisation of NF-κB factors was tested against relevant clinical parameters (preoperative prostate-specific antigen, pathological stage, and postoperative Gleason grade). With the exception of c-Rel, each subunit was detected in the nucleus of cancer cells: significant nuclear expression of RelB, RelA, p52, and p50 was seen in 26.6, 15.6, 10.7, and 10.5% of cores, respectively. Surprisingly, cores expressing both nuclear RelA and p50 canonical pathway proteins were less frequently observed than cores expressing other subunit combinations such as RelB–p52 and RelA–RelB. In addition, the nuclear localisation of RelB correlated with patient's Gleason scores (Spearman correlation: 0.167; P=0.018). The nuclear localisation of both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB subunits in prostate cancer cells suggests for the first time that different NF-κB pathways and dimers may be activated in the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lessard
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, and Institut du cancer de Montréal, 1560 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2L 4M1
| | - L R Bégin
- Service d'anatomopathologie, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4J 1C5
| | - M E Gleave
- The Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, D-9, 2733 Heather Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 3J5
| | - A-M Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, and Institut du cancer de Montréal, 1560 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2L 4M1
- Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - F Saad
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, and Institut du cancer de Montréal, 1560 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2L 4M1
- Département de chirurgie (urologie), CHUM-Notre-Dame, 1560 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2L 4M1
- Département d'urologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal – Hôpital Notre-Dame, 1560 rue Sherbrooke E, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2L 4M1. Centre de recherche du CHUM, and Institut du cancer de Montréal, 1560 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2L 4M1, E-mail:
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Jack A, Barrans S. Recent advances in the understanding of aggressive B-cell lymphomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cdip.2004.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Canoz O, Rassidakis GZ, Admirand JH, Medeiros LJ. Immunohistochemical detection of BCL-3 in lymphoid neoplasms: a survey of 353 cases. Mod Pathol 2004; 17:911-7. [PMID: 15105810 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The bcl-3 gene at chromosome 19q13 encodes a member of the IkappaB family involved in regulating the NFkappaB pathway. Originally identified by its involvement in the rare t(14:19)(q32;q13), BCL-3 expression has never been analyzed in a wide variety of lymphomas. We assessed BCL-3 expression in 353 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens, a monoclonal antibody specific for BCL-3, and immunohistochemical methods. Of 172 B-cell lymphomas, 10 (6%) were positive for BCL-3, including six of 23 (26%) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, one of 17 (6%) small lymphocytic lymphoma, one of 26 (4%) follicular lymphoma, and two of 49 (4%) mantle cell lymphoma. All other B-cell neoplasms were negative, including marginal zone lymphoma (n=24, 11 extranodal, nine nodal, four splenic), Burkitt lymphoma (n=10), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (n=10), lymphoblastic lymphoma (n=8), and plasmacytoma (n=5). Of 111 T/NK-cell lymphomas, 25 (23%) were positive for BCL-3, including 13 of 40 (32%) anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, three of 10 (30%) angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, two of eight (25%) extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type, three of 12 (25%) mycosis fungoides, one of five (20%) enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma, and two of 21 (10%) peripheral T-cell lymphoma unspecified. All other T-cell neoplasms were negative, including lymphoblastic lymphoma (n=6), prolymphocytic leukemia (n=6), and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (n=3). Of 70 Hodgkin lymphomas, of all types, 29 (41%) were positive for BCL-3. The relatively high frequency of BCL-3 expression in some non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma types raises the possibility that BCL-3 is involved in the pathogenesis of these tumors, and may be a target of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Canoz
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Kern C, Cornuel JF, Billard C, Tang R, Rouillard D, Stenou V, Defrance T, Ajchenbaum-Cymbalista F, Simonin PY, Feldblum S, Kolb JP. Involvement of BAFF and APRIL in the resistance to apoptosis of B-CLL through an autocrine pathway. Blood 2003; 103:679-88. [PMID: 14504101 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-02-0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily members BAFF, or B-cell activation factor of the TNF family, and APRIL, a proliferation-inducing ligand, are involved in normal B-cell survival and differentiation. They interact with 3 receptors: BAFF-R, specific to BAFF; and TACI and BCMA, which are shared by BAFF and APRIL. We tested the potential role of these proteins in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) resistance to apoptosis. TACI and BAFF-R mRNAs were found in leukemic B cells. BAFF and APRIL mRNAs and proteins were detected in B-CLL leukemic cells and normal blood or tonsil-derived B lymphocytes. Yet, in contrast to normal B lymphocytes, BAFF and APRIL were expressed at the membranes of leukemic cells. Adding soluble BAFF or APRIL protected B-CLL cells against spontaneous and drug-induced apoptosis and stimulated NF-kappaB activation. Conversely, adding soluble BCMA-Fc or anti-BAFF and anti-APRIL antibodies enhanced B-CLL apoptosis. Moreover, a soluble form of BAFF was detected using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) in the sera of B-CLL patients but not of healthy donors. Taken together, our results indicate that B-CLL cells can be rescued from apoptosis through an autocrine process involving BAFF, APRIL, and their receptors. Inhibiting BAFF and APRIL pathways may be of therapeutic value for B-CLL treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antibodies
- Apoptosis
- B-Cell Activating Factor
- Base Sequence
- DNA Primers
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mass Spectrometry
- Membrane Proteins/blood
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Middle Aged
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neuropeptides/blood
- Neuropeptides/genetics
- Neuropeptides/immunology
- Nuclear Proteins
- Nucleosomes/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kern
- U365 INSERM, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Heckman CA, Mehew JW, Boxer LM. NF-kappaB activates Bcl-2 expression in t(14;18) lymphoma cells. Oncogene 2002; 21:3898-908. [PMID: 12032828 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2001] [Revised: 02/28/2002] [Accepted: 03/18/2002] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The t(14;18) translocation, which is characteristic of follicular lymphoma, results in the overexpression of the bcl-2 gene dependent upon regulatory elements within the bcl-2 5' flanking region and the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene enhancers. Conflicting evidence exists on the effects of NF-kappaB expression on Bcl-2 levels in different cell types. Lymphoma cells with the t(14;18) translocation show high levels of nuclear NF-kappaB proteins. We observed decreased levels of endogenous Bcl-2 when the IkappaBalpha-super-repressor was expressed in a t(14;18) cell line. Deletion analysis of the bcl-2 promoter indicated that the repressive effect of the IkappaBalpha-super-repressor occurred through a region that contained no NF-kappaB consensus sequences. This highly active region contained a c-AMP response element (CRE) and several Sp1 binding sites. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays with antibodies specific for the NF-kappaB and CREB/ATF family members, as well as Sp1, resulted in the isolation of this IkappaBalpha-super-repressor responsive region of the bcl-2 promoter. Mutation of the CRE and the two Sp1 sites in different combinations in bcl-2 reporter constructs resulted in the loss of bcl-2 promoter repression by the IkappaBalpha-super-repressor. We therefore conclude that the activation of bcl-2 by NF-kappaB in t(14;18) lymphoma cells is mediated through the CRE and Sp1 binding sites.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Binding Sites
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line
- Chromatin/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Genetic Vectors
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Lymphoma/metabolism
- Models, Genetic
- Mutation
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Plasmids/metabolism
- Precipitin Tests
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Transfection
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Ultraviolet Rays
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Heckman
- Center for Molecular Biology in Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
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Au WY, Horsman DE, Ohno H, Klasa RJ, Gascoyne RD. Bcl-3/IgH translocation (14;19)(q32;q13) in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma 2002; 43:813-6. [PMID: 12153169 DOI: 10.1080/10428190290016935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The recurrent cytogenetic (CG) abnormality t(14;19)(q32;q13) involving the oncogene BCL3 is described in patients with atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We report four patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) bearing t(14;19). All cases were female and their age ranged from 62 to 91. Histologically, there were two cases of small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), both CD11c positive with atypical morphology, one case of Burkitt like lymphoma (BLL), and one case of diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLC-L). One SLL patient showed t(14;19) as the sole abnormality and experienced a benign course for 8 years. The other three cases showed secondary CG progression, including tetraploidy, del(6q), t(8;22) and del(13q). These cases were aggressive in clinical behavior, including an SLL case which transformed to DLC lymphoma in 4 months. Southern analysis and long distance PCR confirmed BCL3/IgH Calpha translocation in one case. We propose that NHLs with t(14;19) may have evolved from the same spectrum of disease as atypical CLL. The poor prognosis of t(14;19) disease is associated with the occurrence of recurrent secondary CG changes, commonly found in B cell lymphoproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Au
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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