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Zhang Y, Wu Q, Zhong L, Wang L, Gong D. Echinacoside promotes the proliferation of human renal tubular epithelial cells by blocking the HBX/TREM2‑mediated NF‑κB signalling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1137-1144. [PMID: 32626964 PMCID: PMC7339676 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X (HBX) protein is required for the replication of HBV and plays a role in the progression of hepatitis in humans. However, the underlying function of HBX during HBV‑induced chronic glomerulonephritis (HBV‑GN) is unknown. Echinacoside (ECH) is a phenylethanoid glycoside from the Cistanche genus, which possesses strong antiapoptosis and neuroprotective activities. In the present study, the function of HBX and the relationship between HBX and ECH in human renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs; HK‑2 cell line) were explored. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blot analyses were used to quantify the mRNA and protein expression levels of HBX in HK‑2 cells, respectively. The Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay was performed to analyse cell proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis was used to determine the rate of apoptosis. HBX showed antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in HK‑2 cells and was positively associated with triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) expression. Furthermore, ECH disrupted the function of HBX in HK‑2 cells, functioning as an HBX suppressor. Moreover, a specific NF‑κB inhibitor, PDTC, was used to further examine the relationship between HBX and NF‑κB. The results suggested that NF‑κB was involved in the HBX/TREM2 signaling pathway and negatively regulated TREM2 expression in RTECs. The present study provided novel insights into the function of HBX, and also indicated the potential value of ECH as a therapeutic agent for HBV‑GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangpu District Kongjiang Hospital, Shanghai 200093, P.R. China
| | - Qinfang Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, Yangpu District Kongjiang Hospital, Shanghai 200093, P.R. China
| | - Limin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Yangpu District Kongjiang Hospital, Shanghai 200093, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Yangpu District Kongjiang Hospital, Shanghai 200093, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Gong
- Department of Surgery, Yangpu District Kongjiang Hospital, Shanghai 200093, P.R. China
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2
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Jiang H, Zhang T, Yan MX, Wu W. IL-35 inhibits CD8 + T cells activity by suppressing expression of costimulatory molecule CD28 and Th1 cytokine production. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:1319-1325. [PMID: 35116874 PMCID: PMC8797787 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.07.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Interleukin-35 (IL-35), a novel immune-suppressing cytokine, can promote tumor angiogenesis and inhibits anti-tumor cytotoxic lymphocyte response. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of the effects of IL-35 on anti-tumor cytotoxic lymphocyte. Methods Dendritic cells (DCs) were used to induce anti-tumor cytotoxic lymphocyte. Flow cytometry, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester staining, ELISA assay and western blotting were used to analyze the effect of IL-35 on anti-tumor cytotoxic lymphocyte. Results We observed that IL-35 inhibited the expression of costimulatory molecule CD28 on CD8+ T cell surface and Th1 cytokine production. However, IL-35 did not inhibit anti-tumor cytotoxic lymphocyte proliferation nor enhance the expression of apoptosis-related proteins of anti-tumor cytotoxic lymphocyte. Moreover, IL-35 did not repress the expression of Fas ligand (FasL) on cytotoxic lymphocyte surface. Conclusions Our findings revealed that IL-35 can inhibit CD8+ T cells activity by suppressing the expression of costimulatory molecule CD28 and Th1 cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Eye Center, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Eye Center, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Mao-Xiao Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Eye Center, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Eye Center, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Zhao X, Feng X, Wang C, Peng D, Zhu K, Song JL. Anticancer activity of Nelumbo nucifera stamen extract in human colon cancer HCT-116 cells in vitro. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:1470-1478. [PMID: 28454279 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the anticancer activities of Nelumbo nucifera (Ba lotus) stamen ethanol crude extract (BLSEE) in human colon carcinoma HCT-116 cells. MTT assay, flow cytometry analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay were employed to investigate the anticancer mechanisms of BLSEE (100, 200 and 400 µg/ml) in HCT-116 cells. BLSEE reduced HCT-116 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. BLSEE treatment also significantly increased the sub-G1 population in HCT-116 cells (P=0.0020 at 400 µg/ml), as shown by flow cytometry assay. Following treatment with BLSEE, the mRNA levels of the apoptosis-associated factors Fas, Fas ligand, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, death receptor 4 (DR4), death receptor 5 (DR5), caspases 3, 8 and 9, and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) associated X protein were increased, and the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-extra large was decreased in HCT-116 cells. The mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 were also regulated by BLSEE treatment. In addition, BLSEE was able to modulate the expression of inflammation-associated nuclear factor-κB, inhibitory κBα, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 in HCT-116 cells. The present study clearly indicated the cytotoxicity of BLSEE in HCT-116 cells through induced cellular apoptosis. These results also suggested the BLSEE may be a powerful agent against colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.,Chongqing Enterprise Engineering Research Center of Ba-lotus Breeding and Deep Processing, Chongqing 400041, P.R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.,Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Xia Feng
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.,Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Cun Wang
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.,Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Deguang Peng
- Chongqing Enterprise Engineering Research Center of Ba-lotus Breeding and Deep Processing, Chongqing 400041, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Le Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
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Zhao X, Feng X, Peng D, Liu W, Sun P, Li G, Gu L, Song JL. Anticancer activities of alkaloids extracted from the Ba lotus seed in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-1 cells. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3113-3120. [PMID: 27882126 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the anticancer activities of alkaloids from the Ba lotus seed (BLSA) in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) CNE-1 cells, an MTT assay, flow cytometry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed. BLSA was found to significantly reduce CNE-1 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner at all concentrations compared with the control (P<0.05). In addition, flow cytometry analysis identified that BLSA treatment significantly increased the sub-G1 content in CNE-1 cells (P<0.05). Following BLSA treatment, the mRNA and protein levels of a number of apoptosis-related factors, such as caspase family members (caspase-3, -8 and -9), B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2-associated X protein, Fas and Fas ligand were significantly increased compared with the control (P<0.05). This was accompanied by a significant decrease in anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-extra large protein expression compared with the control (P<0.05). Furthermore, BLSA treatment was determined to modulate CNE-1 cell expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and NF-κB inhibitor α. The results of the present study indicate that BLSA has anticancer activity through inducing cellular apoptosis. In addition, these results suggest that BLSA can be used as a therapeutic agent in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China; School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Xia Feng
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for The Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China; School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Deguang Peng
- Chongqing Enterprise Engineering Research Center of Ba-lotus Breeding and Deep Processing, Chongqing 400041, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for The Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China; School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Guijie Li
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for The Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China; School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Lianjie Gu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Le Song
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
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Dorsey WC, Tchounwou PB, Ford BD. Neuregulin 1-Beta cytoprotective role in AML 12 mouse hepatocytes exposed to pentachlorophenol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2007; 3:11-22. [PMID: 16823072 PMCID: PMC3785675 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph2006030002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulins are a family of growth factor domain proteins that are structurally related to the epidermal growth factor. Accumulating evidence has shown that neuregulins have cyto- and neuroprotective properties in various cell types. In particular, the neuregulin-1 Beta (NRG1-Beta) isoform is well documented for its antiinflammatory properties in rat brain after acute stroke episodes. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an organochlorine compound that has been widely used as a biocide in several industrial, agricultural, and domestic applications. Previous investigations from our laboratory have demonstrated that PCP exerts both cytotoxic and mitogenic effects in human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells, primary catfish hepatocytes and AML 12 mouse hepatocytes. We have also shown that in HepG2 cells, PCP has the ability to induce stress genes that may play a role in the molecular events leading to toxicity and tumorigenesis. In the present study, we hypothesize that NRG1-Beta will exert its cytoprotective effects in PCP-treated AML 12 mouse hepatocytes by its ability to suppress the toxic effects of PCP. To test this hypothesis, we performed the MTT-cell respiration assay to assess cell viability, and Western-blot analysis to assess stress-related proteins as a consequence of PCP exposure. Data obtained from 48 h-viability studies demonstrated a biphasic response; showing a dose-dependent increase in cell viability within the range of 0 to 3.87 microg/mL, and a gradual decrease within the concentration range of 7.75 to 31.0 microg/mL in concomitant treatments of NRG1-Beta+PCP and PCP. Cell viability percentages indicated that NRG1-Beta+PCPtreated cells were not significantly impaired, while PCP-treated cells were appreciably affected; suggesting that NRG1-Beta has the ability to suppress the toxic effects of PCP. Western Blot analysis demonstrated the potential of PCP to induce oxidative stress and inflammatory response (c-fos), growth arrest and DNA damage (GADD153), proteotoxic effects (HSP70), cell cycle arrest as consequence of DNA damage (p53), mitogenic response (cyclin- D1), and apoptosis (caspase-3). NRG1-Beta exposure attenuated stress-related protein expression in PCP-treated AML 12 mouse hepatocytes. Here we provide clear evidence that NRG1-Beta exerts cytoprotective effects in AML 12 mouse hepatocytes exposed to PCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waneene C. Dorsey
- Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Grambling State University, Grambling, LA,
USA
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS,
USA
- Correspondence to Dr. Paul B. Tchounwou.
| | - Byron D. Ford
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,
USA
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Ram R, Uziel O, Lahav M. The importance of the telomere and telomerase system in hematological malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2006; 46:1121-35. [PMID: 16085552 DOI: 10.1080/10428190500125853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are specialized chromosomal end structures composed of repeat TTAGGG sequences in humans. They shorten with each cell division and thus serve as the "mitotic clock" of the cell. One of their main functions is the maintenance of chromosomal integrity and their excessive shortening is associated with DNA instability. Telomerase, a unique reverse transcriptase, is inactive in most somatic human cells and is up-regulated in most cancer cells. Recently, the biology of the telomere/telomerase system has attracted much attention because of its possible role in carcinogenesis and aging. In this article we review the biology of this system and its relevance to normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. The biological, diagnostic and prognostic value of telomere/telomerase biology is discussed, as well as its potential future applications in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Ram
- Department of Medicine A, Rabin medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah-Tikva, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Wu YF, Cao MF, Gao YP, Chen F, Wang T, Zumbika EP, Qian KX. Down-modulation of heat shock protein 70 and up-modulation of Caspase-3 during schisandrin B-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10:2944-8. [PMID: 15378770 PMCID: PMC4576249 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i20.2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of schisandrin B (Sch B) on proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro and regulation of Hsp70 and Caspases-3, 7, 9 expression by Sch B.
METHODS: Human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 was cultured and treated with Sch B at various concentrations. Growth suppression was detected with MTT colorimetric assay. Cell apoptosis was confirmed by DNA ladder detection and flow cytometric analysis. The expression of Hsp70, Caspases-3, 7, 9 were analyzed by Western blot analysis.
RESULTS: Sch B inhibited the growth of hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells in a dose-dependent manner, leading to a 50% decrease in cell number (LC50) value of 23.50 mg/L. Treatment with Sch B resulted in degradation of chromosomal DNA into small internucleosomal fragments, evidenced by the formation of a 180-200 bp DNA ladder on agarose gels. FCM analysis showed the peak areas of subdiploid at the increased concentration of Sch B. The results of Western bolt analysis showed that Hsp70 was down-regulated and Caspase-3 was up-regulated, while the activity of Caspases-7, -9 had no significant change.
CONCLUSION: Sch B is able to inhibit the proliferation of human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells and induce apoptosis, which goes through Caspase-3-dependent and Caspase-9-independent pathway accompanied with the down-regulation of Hsp70 protein expression at an early event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
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Yang LQ, Fang DC, Wang RQ, Yang SM. Effect of NF-κB, survivin, Bcl-2 and Caspase3 on apoptosis of gastric cancer cells induced by tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10:22-5. [PMID: 14695762 PMCID: PMC4717071 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the effect of NF-κB, survivin, Bcl-2 and Caspase3 on tumor necrosis factors related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells.
METHODS: Gastric cancer cells of SGC-7901, MKN28, MKN45 and AGS lines were cultured in PRMI-1640 medium and the apoptosis rates of the cells of 4 lines were observed after treatment of tumor necrosis factors related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) with a flow cytometer. The expression of NF-κB, survivin, Bcl-2 and Caspase3 in gastric cancer cells of 4 lines was analyzed with Western blot.
RESULTS: After the gastric cancer cells were exposed to TRAIL 300 ng/mL for 24 hours, the apoptosis rate was 36.05%, 20.27%, 16.50% and 11.80% in MKN28, MKN45, AGS and SGC-7901cells respectively. Western blot revealed that the expressions of NF-κB and survivin were lower in MKN28 cells than in MKN45, AGS and SGC-7901 cells. In contrast, the expression of Caspase3 was higher in MKN28 cells than in MKN45, AGS and SGC-7901 cells.
CONCLUSION: There is a selectivity of TRAIL potency to induce apoptosis in gastric cancer cells of different cell lines. The anticancer potency of TRAIL is associated with the decreased expression of NF-κB and survivin and increased expression of Caspase3 of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Qin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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