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Shimkus G, Nonaka T. Molecular classification and therapeutics in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1124360. [PMID: 36818048 PMCID: PMC9936827 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1124360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) encompasses a wide variety of disease states that have to date been subgrouped and characterized based on immunohistochemical methods, which provide limited prognostic value to clinicians and no alteration in treatment regimen. The addition of rituximab to CHOP therapy was the last leap forward in terms of treatment, but regimens currently follow a standardized course when disease becomes refractory with no individualization based on genotype. Research groups are tentatively proposing new strategies for categorizing DLBCL based on genetic abnormalities that are frequently found together to better predict disease course following dysregulation of specific pathways and to deliver targeted treatment. Novel algorithms in combination with next-generation sequencing techniques have identified between 4 and 7 subgroups of DLBCL, depending on the research team, with potentially significant and actionable genetic alterations. Various drugs aimed at pathways including BCR signaling, NF-κB dysfunction, and epigenetic regulation have shown promise in their respective groups and may show initial utility as second or third line therapies to patients with recurrent DLBCL. Implementation of subgroups will allow collection of necessary data to determine which groups are significant, which treatments may be indicated, and will provide better insight to clinicians and patients on specific disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelen Shimkus
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Taichiro Nonaka
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States,*Correspondence: Taichiro Nonaka,
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2
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Zhu Y, Lei C, Jiang Q, Yu Q, Qiu L. DSF/Cu induces antitumor effect against diffuse large B-cell lymphoma through suppressing NF-κB/BCL6 pathways. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:236. [PMID: 35883106 PMCID: PMC9317061 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) oncogene is required for the survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which is incurable using conventional chemotherapy. Thus, it is imperative to improve the survival of patients with DLBCL. Disulfide (DSF) has been shown to have anticancer effects, but its effect on DLBCL remains unclear. Methods Four DLBCL cell lines (OCI-LY1, OCI-LY7, OCI-LY10 and U2932) and primary DLBCL cells from eight newly diagnosed DLBCL patients were pretreated with DSF alone or in combination with Cu. Cell morphology was observed under microscope. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the cell apoptosis, cell cycle, the mitochondrial membrane potential and the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The protein expression was respectively measured by flow cytometry and western blotting. Results DSF or DSF/Cu exhibited a marked inhibitory effect on the growth of DLBCL cells, accompanied by cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Meanwhile, DSF or DSF/Cu significantly induced DLBCL cells apoptosis. Further study revealed that DSF or DSF/Cu promoted apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Interestingly, DSF/Cu significantly reduced BCL6 and AIP levels. In addition, DSF significantly up-regulate p53 protein in OCI-LY7 and OCI-LY10 while down-regulate p53 protein in OCI-LY1 and U2932. Conclusion These results provided evidence for the anti-lymphoma effects of DSF on DLBCL and suggested that DSF has therapeutic potential to DLBCL. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02661-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.,Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenshuang Lei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.,Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.,Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinhua Yu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liannv Qiu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Bond DA, Huang Y, Christian BA, Jaglowski S, Benson D, Alinari L, Baiocchi RA, Cohen JB, Blum KA, Maddocks KJ. A phase I study of rituximab and buparlisib in patients with relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:1750-1753. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2034154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Bond
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology b. Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology b. Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology
| | - Beth A. Christian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology b. Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology
| | - Samantha Jaglowski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology b. Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology
| | - Don Benson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology b. Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology b. Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology
| | - Robert A. Baiocchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology b. Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology
| | | | - Kristie A. Blum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology b. Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kami J. Maddocks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology b. Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology
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4
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Shiri Heris R, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Yousefi AM, Bashash D. The Superior Cytotoxicity of Dual Targeting of BCR/ABL and PI3K in K562 Cells: Proposing a Novel Therapeutic Potential for the Treatment of CML. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2022; 38:51-60. [PMID: 35125711 PMCID: PMC8804072 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-021-01434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from BCR/ABL which is the main player in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the role of other signaling cascades should not be underestimated especially for the maintenance of leukemic cells survival. The results of the present study indicate that either an isoform-specific or a pan-PI3K inhibitor could potently reduce the survival of CML-derived K562 cells, shedding more light on the involvement of the PI3K axis in the pathogenesis of CML. Of particular interest, the importance of the PI3K pathway in this disease became more evident when we found that there was a more remarkable reduction in the viability of K562 cells when BKM120 was used in combination with imatinib. Moreover, BKM120 robustly enhanced the growth-suppressive effect of imatinib through p21-mediated induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptotic cell death. Despite the favorable anti-survival effects of the drug combination, these agents failed to induce inhibitory effects on the expression of c-Myc and NF-κB anti-apoptotic target genes. However, the ability of combinational therapy in diminishing K562 cell survival was potentiated either in the presence of 10058-F4 (c-Myc inhibitor) or Bortezomib (proteasome inhibitor), suggestive of the role of both NF-κB and c-Myc in overshadowing the therapeutic value of drugs combination. Taken together, the results of this study showed that inhibition of the PI3K pathway is a suitable approach to enhance the therapeutic value of imatinib in the treatment of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shiri Heris
- grid.411600.2Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.449862.50000 0004 0518 4224Department of Basic Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- grid.411600.2Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Mohammad Yousefi
- grid.411600.2Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- grid.411600.2Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Stewart CM, Michaud L, Whiting K, Nakajima R, Nichols C, De Frank S, Hamlin PA, Matasar MJ, Gerecitano JF, Drullinsky P, Hamilton A, Straus D, Horwitz SM, Kumar A, Moskowitz CH, Moskowitz A, Zelenetz AD, Rademaker J, Salles G, Seshan V, Schöder H, Younes A, Tsui DWY, Batlevi CL. Phase I/Ib Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Buparlisib and Ibrutinib Therapy in MCL, FL, and DLBCL with Serial Cell-Free DNA Monitoring. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 28:45-56. [PMID: 34615723 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activation of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) represent parallel, synergistic pathways in lymphoma pathogenesis. As predominant PI3Kδ inhibition is a possible mechanism of tumor escape, we proposed a clinical trial of dual BTK and pan-PI3K inhibition. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a single-center phase I/Ib trial combining a BTK inhibitor (ibrutinib) and a pan-PI3K inhibitor (buparlisib) in 37 patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell lymphoma. Buparlisib and ibrutinib were administered orally, once daily in 28-day cycles until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The clinical trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02756247. RESULTS Patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) receiving the combination had a 94% overall response rate (ORR) and 33-month median progression-free survival; ORR of 31% and 20% were observed in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, respectively. The maximum tolerated dose was ibrutinib 560 mg plus buparlisib 100 mg and the recommended phase II dose was ibrutinib 560 mg plus buparlisib 80 mg. The most common grade 3 adverse events were rash/pruritis/dermatitis (19%), diarrhea (11%), hyperglycemia (11%), and hypertension (11%). All grade mood disturbances ranging from anxiety, depression, to agitation were observed in 22% of patients. Results from serial monitoring of cell-free DNA samples corresponded to radiographic resolution of disease and tracked the emergence of mutations known to promote BTK inhibitor resistance. CONCLUSIONS BTK and pan-PI3K inhibition in mantle cell lymphoma demonstrates a promising efficacy signal. Addition of BCL2 inhibitors to a BTK and pan-PI3K combination remain suitable for further development in mantle cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Stewart
- Diagnostic Molecular Pathology Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Laure Michaud
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Karissa Whiting
- Biostatistics Service, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Reiko Nakajima
- Biostatistics Service, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Chelsea Nichols
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Stephanie De Frank
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul A Hamlin
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Matthew J Matasar
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John F Gerecitano
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pamela Drullinsky
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Audrey Hamilton
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David Straus
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Steven M Horwitz
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anita Kumar
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Craig H Moskowitz
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alison Moskowitz
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrew D Zelenetz
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jurgen Rademaker
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gilles Salles
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Venkatraman Seshan
- Biostatistics Service, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Heiko Schöder
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anas Younes
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dana W Y Tsui
- Diagnostic Molecular Pathology Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Connie Lee Batlevi
- Diagnostic Molecular Pathology Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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6
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Zhang X, Liu Y. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: Current Status and Future Prospects. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 19:165-173. [PMID: 32416683 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200517112252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare invasive extranodal non- Hodgkin lymphoma, a vast majority of which is Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). Although high-dose methotrexate-based immunochemotherapy achieves a high remission rate, the risk of relapse and related death remains a crucial obstruction to long-term survival. Novel agents for the treatment of lymphatic malignancies have significantly broadened the horizons of therapeutic options for PCNSL. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is one of the most important pathways for Bcell malignancy growth and survival. Novel therapies that target key components of this pathway have shown antitumor effects in many B-cell malignancies, including DLBCL. This review will discuss the aberrant status of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in PCNSL and the application prospects of inhibitors in hopes of providing alternative clinical therapeutic strategies and improving prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Nan Si Huan Xi Lu 119, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yuanbo Liu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Nan Si Huan Xi Lu 119, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
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7
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Martins WK, Silva MDND, Pandey K, Maejima I, Ramalho E, Olivon VC, Diniz SN, Grasso D. Autophagy-targeted therapy to modulate age-related diseases: Success, pitfalls, and new directions. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100033. [PMID: 34909664 PMCID: PMC8663935 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical metabolic process that supports homeostasis at a basal level and is dynamically regulated in response to various physiological and pathological processes. Autophagy has some etiologic implications that support certain pathological processes due to alterations in the lysosomal-degradative pathway. Some of the conditions related to autophagy play key roles in highly relevant human diseases, e.g., cardiovascular diseases (15.5%), malignant and other neoplasms (9.4%), and neurodegenerative conditions (3.7%). Despite advances in the discovery of new strategies to treat these age-related diseases, autophagy has emerged as a therapeutic option after preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we discuss the pitfalls and success in regulating autophagy initiation and its lysosome-dependent pathway to restore its homeostatic role and mediate therapeutic effects for cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiac diseases. The main challenge for the development of autophagy regulators for clinical application is the lack of specificity of the repurposed drugs, due to the low pharmacological uniqueness of their target, including those that target the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK pathway. Then, future efforts must be conducted to deal with this scenery, including the disclosure of key components in the autophagy machinery that may intervene in its therapeutic regulation. Among all efforts, those focusing on the development of novel allosteric inhibitors against autophagy inducers, as well as those targeting autolysosomal function, and their integration into therapeutic regimens should remain a priority for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleska Kerllen Martins
- Laboratory of Cell and Membrane (LCM), Anhanguera University of São Paulo (UNIAN), Rua Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães, 3,305. Pirituba, São Paulo, 05145-200, Brazil
| | - Maryana do Nascimento da Silva
- Laboratory of Cell and Membrane (LCM), Anhanguera University of São Paulo (UNIAN), Rua Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães, 3,305. Pirituba, São Paulo, 05145-200, Brazil
| | - Kiran Pandey
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, Meyer Building, Room 823, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Ikuko Maejima
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 3718512, Japan
| | - Ercília Ramalho
- Laboratory of Cell and Membrane (LCM), Anhanguera University of São Paulo (UNIAN), Rua Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães, 3,305. Pirituba, São Paulo, 05145-200, Brazil
| | - Vania Claudia Olivon
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Physiology, UNIDERP, Av. Ceará, 333. Vila Miguel Couto, Campo Grande, MS, 79003-010, Brazil
| | - Susana Nogueira Diniz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Anhanguera University of São Paulo (UNIAN), Rua Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães, 3,305. Pirituba, São Paulo, 05145-200, Brazil
| | - Daniel Grasso
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Junín 954 p4, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
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8
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Garcilazo-Reyes Y, Ibáñez-Juliá MJ, Hernández-Verdin I, Nguyen-Them L, Younan N, Houillier C, Hoang-Xuan K, Alentorn A. Treating central nervous system lymphoma in the era of precision medicine. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2020.1777853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ytel Garcilazo-Reyes
- APHP, Department of Neurology-2, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Maria-José Ibáñez-Juliá
- APHP, Department of Neurology-2, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, CH Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | | | - Ludovic Nguyen-Them
- APHP, Department of Neurology-2, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, CH Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Nadia Younan
- APHP, Department of Neurology-2, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Houillier
- APHP, Department of Neurology-2, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Réseau Expert National LOC (Lymphomes Oculo-Cérébraux), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Khê Hoang-Xuan
- APHP, Department of Neurology-2, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Réseau Expert National LOC (Lymphomes Oculo-Cérébraux), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Agusti Alentorn
- APHP, Department of Neurology-2, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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9
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Sun F, Fang X, Wang X. Signal Pathways and Therapeutic Prospects of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:2047-2059. [PMID: 32009599 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190925143216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma which is heterogeneous both clinically and morphologically. Over the past decades, significant advances have been made in the understanding of the molecular genesis, leading to the identification of multiple pathways and molecules that can be targeted for clinical benefit. OBJECTIVE The current review aims to present a brief overview of signal pathways of DLBCL, which mainly focus on B-cell antigen Receptor (BCR), Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB), Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase (PI3K) - protein kinase B (Akt) - mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), Janus Kinase (JAK) - Signal Transducer and Activator (STAT), Wnt/β-catenin, and P53 pathways. METHODS Activation of signal pathways may contribute to the generation, development, chemotherapy sensitivity of DLBCL, and expression of pathway molecules is associated with the prognosis of DLBCL. Some agents targeting these pathways have been proved effective and relevant clinical trials are in progress. These agents used single or combined with chemotherapy/each other might raise the possibility of improving clinical outcomes in DLBCL. CONCLUSION This review presents several signal pathways of DLBCL and targeted agents had a tendency to improve the curative effect, especially in high-risk or relapsed/refractory DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Sun
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.,Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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10
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Huang S, Yu M, Shi N, Zhou Y, Li F, Li X, Huang X, Jin J. Apigenin and Abivertinib, a novel BTK inhibitor synergize to inhibit diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in vivo and vitro. J Cancer 2020; 11:2123-2132. [PMID: 32127939 PMCID: PMC7052937 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Apigenin, a flavonoid phytochemical extracted from fruits and vegetables, has shown anti-neoplastic effects in a variety of malignant tumors. DLBCL is the most common type of aggressive lymphoma in adults with a poor prognosis. Small-molecule inhibitors like BTK inhibitors have demonstrated extended period of disease control. Whereas the effects of the synergetic inhibition of the two have not been elucidated. Methods: We assessed the efficacy of Apigenin alone or combined with Abivertinib to inhibit DLBCL progression. Cell viability was examined using the cell proliferation cell proliferation assay (MTS). Apoptotic cells and cell cycle evaluation were detected by Annexin V-FITC and DNA staining solution respectively. Western blot was used to explore the potential mechanism, and the in vivo effects of the two drugs were performed by a DLBCL xenograft BALB/c nude mice model. Results: Our results demonstrated that Apigenin can inhibit the proliferation and clone forming of DLBCL cells. Apigenin also induces apoptosis by down-regulating BCL-XL and activating Caspase family. In addition, Apigenin down-regulates cell cycle proteins including CDK2/CDK4/CDK6/CDC2/p-RB to increase G2/M phase arrest. Mechanically, our data demonstrate that Apigenin leads to a significant reduction of the expression of pro-proliferative pathway PI3K/mTOR to inhibit DLBCL cells survival. Moreover, our in vitro and in vivo results show that Apigenin can synergize with Abivertinib, a novel BTK inhibitor, in treating DLBCL visa synergistically inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the p-GS3K-β and its downstream targets. Conclusions: Collectively, our study suggests that Apigenin exerts improving anti-lymphoma effect of BTK inhibitors and provides hope to targeted therapy of those develop resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Huang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Yu
- Department of Hematology, Hangzhou First people's hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nana Shi
- The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Yile Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengling Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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11
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Huang Y, Zou Y, Lin L, Ma X, Zheng R. miR-101 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting KDM1A in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2739-2746. [PMID: 31040714 PMCID: PMC6455001 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s197744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background miR-101 is reported to be associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, it is unknown whether miR-101 expression affects cell proliferation and apoptosis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of miR-101 and its effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis in DLBCL. Methods miR-101 expression was detected in 30 cases of patients with DLBCL and normal lymph node by qRT-PCR. Then, miR-101 expression was up-regulated and down-regulated in Originated Cell Line-Large Lymphoma 8 (OCL-LY8) cell line, respectively. MTT and flow cytometry assay were used to evaluate the effect of miR-101 on cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. As KDM1A was confirmed to be as a specific target of miR-101 by TargetScanHuman, the relationship between MiR-101 and KDM1A was further investigated. Results miR-101 expression in patients with DLBCL was significantly reduced compared those in normal lymph node (P<0.05). miR-101 expression was significantly associated with tumor size, clinical stage and International Prognostic Index (IPI) scores (P<0.05). In OCL-LY8 cell line, miR-101 down-regulation significantly promoted cell proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, miR-101 up-regulation reversed this effect. In addition, miR-101 negatively regulated the expression of KDM1A. KDM1A down-regulation was oberved in normal tissues compared with those in DLBCL tissues, which inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Conclusion These data indicate that miR-101 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting KDM1A, which provides a potential therapeutic for DLBCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Huang
- Department of Hematology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 363000 Zhangzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yong Zou
- Department of Hematology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 363000 Zhangzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Luhui Lin
- Department of Hematology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 363000 Zhangzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xudong Ma
- Department of Hematology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 363000 Zhangzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ruiji Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 363000 Zhangzhou, People's Republic of China,
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12
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Therapeutic Modulation of Autophagy in Leukaemia and Lymphoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020103. [PMID: 30704144 PMCID: PMC6406467 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematopoiesis is a tightly orchestrated process where a pool of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with high self-renewal potential can give rise to both lymphoid and myeloid lineages. The HSPCs pool is reduced with ageing resulting in few HSPC clones maintaining haematopoiesis thereby reducing blood cell diversity, a phenomenon called clonal haematopoiesis. Clonal expansion of HSPCs carrying specific genetic mutations leads to increased risk for haematological malignancies. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that hematopoietic tumours develop in higher frequency in elderly people. Unfortunately, elderly patients with leukaemia or lymphoma still have an unsatisfactory prognosis compared to younger ones highlighting the need to develop more efficient therapies for this group of patients. Growing evidence indicates that macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is essential for health and longevity. This review is focusing on the role of autophagy in normal haematopoiesis as well as in leukaemia and lymphoma development. Attenuated autophagy may support early hematopoietic neoplasia whereas activation of autophagy in later stages of tumour development and in response to a variety of therapies rather triggers a pro-tumoral response. Novel insights into the role of autophagy in haematopoiesis will be discussed in light of designing new autophagy modulating therapies in hematopoietic cancers.
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13
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Rhodes J, Landsburg DJ. Small-Molecule Inhibitors for the Treatment of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2018; 13:356-368. [DOI: 10.1007/s11899-018-0467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Pan-class I PI3-kinase inhibitor BKM120 induces MEK1/2-dependent mitotic catastrophe in non-Hodgkin lymphoma leading to apoptosis or polyploidy determined by Bax/Bak and p53. Cell Death Dis 2018. [PMID: 29515122 PMCID: PMC5841308 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive signaling of PI3K/Akt/mTOR plays a prominent role in malignant transformation and progression of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL) underscoring the need for PI3K targeted therapies. The pan-class I PI3-kinase inhibitor BKM120 has shown preclinical activity in distinct malignancies and is currently tested in clinical trials. Intratumor heterogeneity is an intrinsic property of cancers that contributes to drug resistance and tumor recurrence. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of PI3-kinases by BKM120 attenuates growth and survival of B-NHL cell lines by inducing mitotic arrest with subsequent induction of intrinsic apoptosis. BKM120-mediated downregulation of Cyclin A and activation of the CDK1/Cyclin B1 complex facilitates mitotic entry. In addition, concomitant BKM120-mediated upregulation of Cyclin B1 expression attenuates completion of mitosis, which results in mitotic catastrophe and apoptotic cell death. In Bax and Bak deficient B-NHL, which are resistant to BKM120-induced apoptosis, BKM120-induced mitotic catastrophe results in polyploidy. Upon re-expression of wt p53 in these p53 mutated cells, BKM120-induced polyploidy is strongly reduced demonstrating that the genetic status of the cells determines the outcome of a BKM120-mediated pathway inhibition. Mitotic catastrophe and unfavorable induction of polyploidy can be prevented in this setting by additional inhibition of MEK1/2 signaling. Combining MEK1/2 inhibitors with BKM120 enhances the anti-tumor effects of BKM120, prevents prognostic unfavorable polyploidy and might be a potential strategy for the treatment of B-NHL.
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15
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Ishikawa C, Senba M, Mori N. Effects of NVP-BEZ235, a dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, on HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5311-5317. [PMID: 29552172 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive type of malignancy caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). In ATL, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is constitutively active, promoting cell proliferation, survival and chemoresistance. Thus, the PI3K signaling pathway is an attractive therapeutic target for ATL. In the present study, the effects of RAD001 (an mTOR inhibitor), NVP-BKM120 (a pan-PI3K inhibitor) and NVP-BEZ235 (a novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor) on cultured HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines were compared. The results demonstrated that NVP-BEZ235 was more efficacious compared with RAD001 and NVP-BKM120 at inhibiting cell growth. NVP-BEZ235 exhibited cytostatic rather than cytotoxic effects on various HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines, where it induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. NVP-BEZ235 downregulated cyclin D1, cyclin D2, cyclin E, cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)2 and CDK4 expression, and the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. In C.B-17/Icr-severe combined immune deficiency mice implanted with HTLV-1-infected HUT-102 cells, oral NVP-BEZ235 caused marked retardation of tumor growth compared with the control. The present in vitro and in vivo studies highlight the efficacious dual inhibition of PI3K, and mTOR following NVP-BEZ235 treatment. Thus, the results of the current study provide preclinical rationale for phase I clinical studies to examine the effects of NVP-BEZ235 in patients with ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Ishikawa
- Division of Health Sciences, Transdisciplinary Research Organization for Subtropics and Island Studies, University of The Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Masachika Senba
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Naoki Mori
- Department of Microbiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
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16
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Targeting autophagy in lymphomas: a double-edged sword? Int J Hematol 2018; 107:502-512. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Younes A, Salles G, Martinelli G, Bociek RG, Barrigon DC, Barca EG, Turgut M, Gerecitano J, Kong O, Pisal CB, Tavorath R, Kim WS. Pan-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition with buparlisib in patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Haematologica 2017; 102:2104-2112. [PMID: 28971900 PMCID: PMC5709110 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.169656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway plays a role in the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This multicenter, open-label phase 2 study evaluated buparlisib (BKM120), a pan-class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, in patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Three separate cohorts of patients (with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, or follicular lymphoma) received buparlisib 100 mg once daily until progression, intolerance, or withdrawal of consent. The primary endpoint was overall response rate based on a 6-month best overall response by cohort; secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, duration of response, overall survival, safety, and tolerability. Overall, 72 patients (26 with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 22 with mantle cell lymphoma, and 24 with follicular lymphoma) were treated. The overall response rates were 11.5%, 22.7%, and 25.0% in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and follicular lymphoma, respectively; two patients (one each with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma) achieved a complete response. The most frequently reported (>20%) adverse events of any grade in the population in which safety was studied were hyperglycemia, fatigue, and nausea (36.1% each), depression (29.2%), diarrhea (27.8%), and anxiety (25.0%). The most common grade 3/4 adverse events included hyperglycemia (11.1%) and neutropenia (5.6%). Buparlisib showed activity in relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with disease stabilization and sustained tumor burden reduction in some patients, and acceptable toxicity. Development of mechanism-based combination regimens with buparlisib is warranted. (This study was funded by Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01693614).
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aminopyridines/adverse effects
- Aminopyridines/pharmacology
- Aminopyridines/therapeutic use
- Female
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Follicular/complications
- Lymphoma, Follicular/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/complications
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/complications
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/complications
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Morpholines/adverse effects
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Morpholines/therapeutic use
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Recurrence
- Remission Induction
- Salvage Therapy/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Younes
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gilles Salles
- Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Gerecitano
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oliver Kong
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Won Seog Kim
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Sensitivity to PI3K and AKT inhibitors is mediated by divergent molecular mechanisms in subtypes of DLBCL. Blood 2017; 130:310-322. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-12-758599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
PI3Kα/δ inhibition induces cytotoxicity in ABC DLBCLs through downregulation of NF-κB signaling. Inhibition of AKT induces cytotoxicity by downregulation of MYC in PTEN-deficient DLBCL models in vivo and in vitro.
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19
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Castillo JJ, Hunter ZR, Yang G, Treon SP. Novel approaches to targeting MYD88 in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2017; 10:739-744. [PMID: 28617062 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1343661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is an incurable lymphoma characterized by the accumulation of IgM-producing lymphoplasmacytic cells in the bone marrow and other organs. Although WM patients can experience prolonged remissions, the disease invariably recurs advocating for the need of novel treatments in order to achieve higher response and survival rates. The discovery of a recurrent mutation in the MYD88 gene and an increased understanding behind the biology of MYD88 signaling have provided the opportunity to developing novel agents targeting the MYD88 pathway. Areas covered: The present review focuses on potential therapies that could change the landscape of treatment of patients with WM, specifically focusing on inhibitors of the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, hematopoietic cell kinase, interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase and MYD88 assembly. Expert commentary: Novel agents such as the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib has shown to be safe and highly effective in the treatment of WM. Ibrutinib has been approved in Europe and the United States for its use in patients with symptomatic WM. Prospective studies are ongoing and/or planned to study many other novel agents alone and in combination with aims at improving response, survival and quality of life in patients with WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J Castillo
- a Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Zachary R Hunter
- a Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Guang Yang
- a Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Steven P Treon
- a Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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20
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Cui W, Zheng S, Liu Z, Wang W, Cai Y, Bi R, Cao B, Zhou X. PIK3CA expression in diffuse large B cell lymphoma tissue and the effect of its knockdown in vitro. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:2239-2247. [PMID: 28461758 PMCID: PMC5404804 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s129970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PIK3CA has been extensively investigated from its molecular mechanism perspective and epidemiological association with its mutations in different types of cancers. However, little has been reported regarding the clinicopathological significance of PIK3CA expression in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In the present study, we investigated the clinicopathological significance of PIK3CA in DLBCL by performing immunohistochemical evaluation of PIK3CA in tissue microarrays consisting of 199 cases of DLBCL. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to analyze the association between PIK3CA expression and overall prognosis. To further investigate the role of PIK3CA mediated in the proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of DLBCL cells, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry assays were carried out in DLBCL cell lines after successful, stable knockdown of PIK3CA using lentiviral short hairpin RNA inference. Our results indicated that although PIK3CA was shown to be extensively expressed in DLBCL, no significant association was observed between PIK3CA expression and clinical outcome or between PIK3CA expression and other clinicopathological parameters, except between performance state (PS) and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) expression. In vitro studies revealed that in DLBCL cell lines OCI-LY8 and OCI-LY1, knockdown of PIK3CA could significantly reduce proliferation and promote apoptosis in a G1-phase arrested manner. Additionally, p27 was shown to be markedly upregulated, whereas p-AKT and cyclin D1 were found to be pronouncedly downregulated after stable knockdown of PIK3CA. Together, our results support the oncogenic property of PIK3CA in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Cui
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
| | - Shutao Zheng
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University.,State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zebing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Weige Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Rui Bi
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Bing Cao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai
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21
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Abstract
The phosphatase and tensin homolog gene PTEN is one of the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor genes in human cancer. Loss of PTEN function occurs in a variety of human cancers via its mutation, deletion, transcriptional silencing, or protein instability. PTEN deficiency in cancer has been associated with advanced disease, chemotherapy resistance, and poor survival. Impaired PTEN function, which antagonizes phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, causes the accumulation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate and thereby the suppression of downstream components of the PI3K pathway, including the protein kinase B and mammalian target of rapamycin kinases. In addition to having lipid phosphorylation activity, PTEN has critical roles in the regulation of genomic instability, DNA repair, stem cell self-renewal, cellular senescence, and cell migration. Although PTEN deficiency in solid tumors has been studied extensively, rare studies have investigated PTEN alteration in lymphoid malignancies. However, genomic or epigenomic aberrations of PTEN and dysregulated signaling are likely critical in lymphoma pathogenesis and progression. This review provides updated summary on the role of PTEN deficiency in human cancers, specifically in lymphoid malignancies; the molecular mechanisms of PTEN regulation; and the distinct functions of nuclear PTEN. Therapeutic strategies for rescuing PTEN deficiency in human cancers are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiqiang Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77230, USA
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22
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Bashash D, Safaroghli-Azar A, Delshad M, Bayati S, Nooshinfar E, Ghaffari SH. Inhibitor of pan class-I PI3K induces differentially apoptotic pathways in acute leukemia cells: Shedding new light on NVP-BKM120 mechanism of action. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 79:308-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Jiang C, Wang J. [Advances of aberrant signaling pathways and related targeting drugs in B cell non- Hodgkin lymphoma]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2016; 36:1049-52. [PMID: 26759111 PMCID: PMC7342318 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhe Jiang
- Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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24
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Massacesi C, Di Tomaso E, Urban P, Germa C, Quadt C, Trandafir L, Aimone P, Fretault N, Dharan B, Tavorath R, Hirawat S. PI3K inhibitors as new cancer therapeutics: implications for clinical trial design. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:203-10. [PMID: 26793003 PMCID: PMC4708174 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s89967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway is frequently activated in cancer. PI3K inhibitors, including the pan-PI3K inhibitor buparlisib (BKM120) and the PI3Kα-selective inhibitor alpelisib (BYL719), currently in clinical development by Novartis Oncology, may therefore be effective as anticancer agents. Early clinical studies with PI3K inhibitors have demonstrated preliminary antitumor activity and acceptable safety profiles. However, a number of unanswered questions regarding PI3K inhibition in cancer remain, including: what is the best approach for different tumor types, and which biomarkers will accurately identify the patient populations most likely to benefit from specific PI3K inhibitors? This review summarizes the strategies being employed by Novartis Oncology to help maximize the benefits of clinical studies with buparlisib and alpelisib, including stratification according to PI3K pathway activation status, selective enrollment/target enrichment (where patients with PI3K pathway-activated tumors are specifically recruited), nonselective enrollment with mandatory tissue collection, and enrollment of patients who have progressed on previous targeted agents, such as mTOR inhibitors or endocrine therapy. An overview of Novartis-sponsored and Novartis-supported trials that are utilizing these approaches in a range of cancer types, including breast cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, lymphoma, and glioblastoma multiforme, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caroline Germa
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Bharani Dharan
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | - Samit Hirawat
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
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25
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Allegretti M, Ricciardi MR, Licchetta R, Mirabilii S, Orecchioni S, Reggiani F, Talarico G, Foà R, Bertolini F, Amadori S, Torrisi MR, Tafuri A. The pan-class I phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase inhibitor NVP-BKM120 demonstrates anti-leukemic activity in acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18137. [PMID: 26674543 PMCID: PMC4682184 DOI: 10.1038/srep18137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is a common feature of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients contributing to chemoresistance, disease progression and unfavourable outcome. Therefore, inhibition of this pathway may represent a potential therapeutic approach in AML. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pre-clinical activity of NVP-BKM120 (BKM120), a selective pan-class I PI3K inhibitor, on AML cell lines and primary samples. Our results demonstrate that BKM120 abrogates the activity of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, promoting cell growth arrest and significant apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner in AML cells but not in the normal counterpart. BKM120-induced cytotoxicity is associated with a profound modulation of metabolic behaviour in both cell lines and primary samples. In addition, BKM120 synergizes with the glycolitic inhibitor dichloroacetate enhancing apoptosis induction at lower doses. Finally, in vivo administration of BKM120 to a xenotransplant mouse model of AML significantly inhibited leukemia progression and improved the overall survival of treated mice. Taken together, our findings indicate that BKM120, alone or in combination with other drugs, has a significant anti-leukemic activity supporting its clinical development as a novel therapeutic agent in AML.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aminopyridines/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Time Factors
- U937 Cells
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Allegretti
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ricciardi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sant’Andrea” Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Licchetta
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Mirabilii
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Orecchioni
- Division of Clinical Haematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Reggiani
- Division of Clinical Haematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Talarico
- Division of Clinical Haematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Foà
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertolini
- Division of Clinical Haematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Amadori
- Department of Hematology, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Torrisi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sant’Andrea” Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Agostino Tafuri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sant’Andrea” Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Camicia R, Winkler HC, Hassa PO. Novel drug targets for personalized precision medicine in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a comprehensive review. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:207. [PMID: 26654227 PMCID: PMC4676894 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a clinically heterogeneous lymphoid malignancy and the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults, with one of the highest mortality rates in most developed areas of the world. More than half of DLBLC patients can be cured with standard R-CHOP regimens, however approximately 30 to 40 % of patients will develop relapsed/refractory disease that remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to the limited therapeutic options.Recent advances in gene expression profiling have led to the identification of at least three distinct molecular subtypes of DLBCL: a germinal center B cell-like subtype, an activated B cell-like subtype, and a primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma subtype. Moreover, recent findings have not only increased our understanding of the molecular basis of chemotherapy resistance but have also helped identify molecular subsets of DLBCL and rational targets for drug interventions that may allow for subtype/subset-specific molecularly targeted precision medicine and personalized combinations to both prevent and treat relapsed/refractory DLBCL. Novel agents such as lenalidomide, ibrutinib, bortezomib, CC-122, epratuzumab or pidilizumab used as single-agent or in combination with (rituximab-based) chemotherapy have already demonstrated promising activity in patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL. Several novel potential drug targets have been recently identified such as the BET bromodomain protein (BRD)-4, phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate synthetase (PRPS)-2, macrodomain-containing mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase (ARTD)-9 (also known as PARP9), deltex-3-like E3 ubiquitin ligase (DTX3L) (also known as BBAP), NF-kappaB inducing kinase (NIK) and transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFβR).This review highlights the new insights into the molecular basis of relapsed/refractory DLBCL and summarizes the most promising drug targets and experimental treatments for relapsed/refractory DLBCL, including the use of novel agents such as lenalidomide, ibrutinib, bortezomib, pidilizumab, epratuzumab, brentuximab-vedotin or CAR T cells, dual inhibitors, as well as mechanism-based combinatorial experimental therapies. We also provide a comprehensive and updated list of current drugs, drug targets and preclinical and clinical experimental studies in DLBCL. A special focus is given on STAT1, ARTD9, DTX3L and ARTD8 (also known as PARP14) as novel potential drug targets in distinct molecular subsets of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Camicia
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Stem Cell Research Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Nuffield Division of Clinical, Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,MRC-UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology Unit, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E6BT, UK
| | - Hans C Winkler
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul O Hassa
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Xue K, Gu JJ, Zhang Q, Mavis C, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri FJ, Czuczman MS, Guo Y. Vorinostat, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, promotes cell cycle arrest and re-sensitizes rituximab- and chemo-resistant lymphoma cells to chemotherapy agents. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:379-87. [PMID: 26314218 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2026-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical models of chemotherapy resistance and clinical observations derived from the prospective multicenter phase III collaborative trial in relapsed aggressive lymphoma (CORAL) study demonstrated that primary refractory/relapsed B cell diffuse large B cell lymphoma has a poor clinical outcome with current available second-line treatments. Preclinically, we found that rituximab resistance is associated with a deregulation on the mitochondrial potential rendering lymphoma cells resistant to chemotherapy-induced apoptotic stimuli. There is a dire need to develop agents capable to execute alternative pathways of cell death in an attempt to overcome chemotherapy resistance. Posttranscriptional histone modification plays an important role in regulating gene transcription and is altered by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). HDACs regulate several key cellular functions, including cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis, migration, antigen presentation, and/or immune regulation. Given their influence in multiple regulatory pathways, HDAC inhibition is an attractive strategy to evaluate its anti-proliferation activity in cancer cells. To this end, we studied the anti-proliferation activity and mechanisms of action of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, vorinostat) in rituximab-chemotherapy-resistant preclinical models. METHODS A panel of rituximab-chemotherapy-sensitive (RSCL) and rituximab-chemotherapy-resistant cell lines (RRCL) and primary tumor cells isolated from relapsed/refractory B cell lymphoma patients were exposed to escalating doses of vorinostat. Changes in mitochondrial potential, ATP synthesis, and cell cycle distribution were determined by Alamar blue reduction, Titer-Glo luminescent assays, and flow cytometric, respectively. Protein lysates were isolated from vorinostat-exposed cells, and changes in members of Bcl-2 family, cell cycle regulatory proteins, and the acetylation status of histone H3 were evaluated by Western blotting. Finally, cell lines were pre-exposed to vorinostat for 48 h and subsequently exposed to several chemotherapy agents (cisplatin, etoposide, or gemcitabine); changes in cell viability were determined by CellTiter-Glo(®) luminescence assay (Promega, Fitchburg, WI), and synergistic activity was evaluated using the CalcuSyn software. RESULTS Vorinostat induced dose-dependent cell death in RRCL and in primary tumor cells. In addition, in vitro exposure of RRCL to vorinostat resulted in an increase in p21 and acetylation of histone H3 leading to G1 cell cycle arrest. Vorinostat exposure resulted in apoptosis in RSCL cell lines but not in RRCL. This finding suggests that in RRCL, vorinostat induces cell death by alternative pathways (i.e., irreversible cell cycle arrest). Of interest, vorinostat was found to reverse acquired chemotherapy resistance in RRCL. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that vorinostat is active in RRCL with a known defective apoptotic machinery, it can active alternative cell death pathways. Given the multiple pathways affected by HDAC inhibition, vorinostat can potentially be used to overcome acquired resistant to chemotherapy in aggressive B cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan J Gu
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Qunling Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cory Mavis
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Myron S Czuczman
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ye Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Pereira JKN, Machado-Neto JA, Lopes MR, Morini BC, Traina F, Costa FF, Saad STO, Favaro P. Molecular effects of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor NVP-BKM120 on T and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51:2076-85. [PMID: 26238016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constitutive activation of the PI3K pathway in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) has been reported and in a mouse model, PI3K activation, together with MYC, cooperates in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) pathogenesis. We investigated the effects of NVP-BKM120, a potent pan-class I PI3K inhibitor, in lymphoblastic leukaemia cell lines. METHODS Effects of NVP-BKM120 on cell viability, clonogenicity, apoptosis, cell cycle, cell signalling and autophagy were assessed in vitro on T-ALL (Jurkat and MOLT-4) and BL (Daudi and NAMALWA) cell lines. RESULTS NVP-BKM120 treatment decreased cell viability and clonogenic growth in all tested cells. Moreover, the drug arrested cell cycling in association with a decrease in Cyclin B1 protein levels, and increased apoptosis. Immunoblotting analysis of cells treated with the drug revealed decreased phosphorylation, in a dose-dependent manner, of AKT, mTOR, P70S6K and 4EBP1, with stable total protein levels. Additionally, we observed a dose-dependent decrease in BAD phosphorylation, in association with augmented BAX:BCL2 ratio. Quantification of autophagy showed a dose-dependent increase in acidic vesicular organelles in all cells tested. CONCLUSION In summary, our present study establishes that NVP-BKM120 presents an effective antitumour activity against T-ALL and BL cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Kleber Novais Pereira
- Haematology and Hemotherapy Centre-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Haematology and Hemotherapy Centre-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Matheus Rodrigues Lopes
- Haematology and Hemotherapy Centre-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Corey Morini
- Haematology and Hemotherapy Centre-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Haematology and Hemotherapy Centre-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ferreira Costa
- Haematology and Hemotherapy Centre-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad
- Haematology and Hemotherapy Centre-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Patricia Favaro
- Haematology and Hemotherapy Centre-University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo 09913-030, Brazil.
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Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition is required to effectively impair microenvironment survival signals in mantle cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:6788-800. [PMID: 25216518 PMCID: PMC4196163 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway activation contributes to mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) pathogenesis and drug resistance. Antitumor activity has been observed with mTOR inhibitors. However, they have shown limited clinical efficacy in relation to drug activation of feedback loops. Selective PI3K inhibition or dual PI3K/mTOR catalytic inhibition are different therapeutic approaches developed to achieve effective pathway blockage. Here, we have performed a comparative analysis of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus, the pan-PI3K inhibitor NVP-BKM120 and the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 in primary MCL cells. We found NVP-BEZ235 to be more powerful than everolimus or NVP-BKM120 in PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling inhibition, indicating that targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway at multiple levels is likely to be a more effective strategy for the treatment of MCL than single inhibition of these kinases. Among the three drugs, NVP-BEZ235 induced the highest change in gene expression profile. Functional validation demonstrated that NVP-BEZ235 inhibited angiogenesis, migration and tumor invasiveness in MCL cells. NVP-BEZ235 was the only drug able to block IL4 and IL6/STAT3 signaling which compromise the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy in MCL. Our findings support the use of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 as a promising approach to interfere with the microenvironment-related processes in MCL.
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30
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Yu X, Long YC, Shen HM. Differential regulatory functions of three classes of phosphatidylinositol and phosphoinositide 3-kinases in autophagy. Autophagy 2015; 11:1711-28. [PMID: 26018563 PMCID: PMC4824607 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1043076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and exquisitely regulated self-eating cellular process with important biological functions. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PtdIns3Ks) and phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are involved in the autophagic process. Here we aim to recapitulate how 3 classes of these lipid kinases differentially regulate autophagy. Generally, activation of the class I PI3K suppresses autophagy, via the well-established PI3K-AKT-MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) complex 1 (MTORC1) pathway. In contrast, the class III PtdIns3K catalytic subunit PIK3C3/Vps34 forms a protein complex with BECN1 and PIK3R4 and produces phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P), which is required for the initiation and progression of autophagy. The class II enzyme emerged only recently as an alternative source of PtdIns3P and autophagic initiator. However, the orthodox paradigm is challenged by findings that the PIK3CB catalytic subunit of class I PI3K acts as a positive regulator of autophagy, and PIK3C3 was thought to be an amino acid sensor for MTOR, which curbs autophagy. At present, a number of PtdIns3K and PI3K inhibitors, including specific PIK3C3 inhibitors, have been developed for suppression of autophagy and for clinical applications in autophagy-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Yu
- a Department of Biochemistry; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore ; Singapore
| | - Yun Chau Long
- a Department of Biochemistry; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore ; Singapore
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- b Department of Physiology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore ; Singapore
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Abstract
Novel pharmacotherapeutic agents were recently approved for treatment of low-grade B-cell neoplasms, and many other agents are under investigation. Several agents have demonstrated impressive activity in targeting malignant B-cell processes and specific pathways, all with the potential to expand our ability to effectively treat B-cell malignancies. The inhibitors of several cell regulatory proteins, including Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K), B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2), and histone deacetylases, as well as immunomodulatory agents are a few of the many pharmacotherapeutic agents under study. A comprehensive review and assessment is presented of the current pharmacotherapies under investigation targeting B-cell lymphomas and leukemias.
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32
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Sahin I, Azab F, Mishima Y, Moschetta M, Tsang B, Glavey SV, Manier S, Zhang Y, Sacco A, Roccaro AM, Azab AK, Ghobrial IM. Targeting survival and cell trafficking in multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia using pan-class I PI3K inhibitor, buparlisib. Am J Hematol 2014; 89:1030-6. [PMID: 25060991 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is activated in multiple myeloma (MM) and Waldenstrom Macroglobulenima (WM), and plays a crucial role in tumor progression and drug resistance. In this study, we characterized the role of pan-class I PI3K inhibition on cell trafficking and survival of MM and WM cells. We tested the effect of pan-class I PI3K inhibition by siRNA silencing or pharmacologic inhibition with buparlisib on MM cell survival, apoptosis and cell cycle in vitro and tumor growth and mobilization of MM cells in vivo. We then evaluated buparlisib-dependent mechanisms of induced MM cell mobilization. Moreover, the effect of buparlisib on cell survival, apoptosis, and adhesion of WM cells to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) has been evaluated. We showed that buparlisib induced toxicity in MM cells, supported by induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Buparlisib was also found to reduce tumor progression in vivo. Importantly, buparlisib enhanced MM cell mobilization in vivo which was driven by decreased adhesion of MM cells to BMSCs and increased chemotaxis via up-regulation of CXCR4 expression. Similar to its effects on MM cells, buparlisib also induced cell survival and apoptosis, and decreased adhesion in WM cells. These data highlight the critical contribution of class I PI3K signaling to the regulation of survival and cell dissemination in B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Sahin
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Feda Azab
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, School of Medicine; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Yuji Mishima
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Michele Moschetta
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Brian Tsang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Siobhan V. Glavey
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Salomon Manier
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Antonio Sacco
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Aldo M. Roccaro
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, School of Medicine; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Irene M. Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
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Majchrzak A, Witkowska M, Smolewski P. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: current knowledge and clinical significance. Molecules 2014; 19:14304-15. [PMID: 25215588 PMCID: PMC6271242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190914304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most common non-Hodgkin lymphomas in adults. The disease is very heterogeneous in its presentation, that is DLBCL patients may differ from each other not only in regard to histology of tissue infiltration, clinical course or response to treatment, but also in respect to diversity in gene expression profiling. A growing body of knowledge on the biology of DLBCL, including abnormalities in intracellular signaling, has allowed the development of new treatment strategies, specifically directed against lymphoma cells. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays an important role in controlling proliferation and survival of tumor cells in various types of malignancies, including DLBCL, and therefore it may be a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Currently, novel anticancer drugs are undergoing assessment in different phases of clinical trials in aggressive lymphomas, with promising outcomes. In this review we present a state of art review on various classes of small molecule inhibitors selectively involving PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and their clinical potential in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Majchrzak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Witkowska
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Smolewski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland.
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Singh AR, Peirce SK, Joshi S, Durden DL. PTEN and PI-3 kinase inhibitors control LPS signaling and the lymphoproliferative response in the CD19+ B cell compartment. Exp Cell Res 2014; 327:78-90. [PMID: 24881819 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), e.g. toll receptors (TLRs) that bind ligands within the microbiome have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. LPS is a ligand for two TLR family members, TLR4 and RP105 which mediate LPS signaling in B cell proliferation and migration. Although LPS/TLR/RP105 signaling is well-studied; our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms controlling these PRR signaling pathways remains incomplete. Previous studies have demonstrated a role for PTEN/PI-3K signaling in B cell selection and survival, however a role for PTEN/PI-3K in TLR4/RP105/LPS signaling in the B cell compartment has not been reported. Herein, we crossed a CD19cre and PTEN(fl/fl) mouse to generate a conditional PTEN knockout mouse in the CD19+ B cell compartment. These mice were further crossed with an IL-14α transgenic mouse to study the combined effect of PTEN deletion, PI-3K inhibition and expression of IL-14α (a cytokine originally identified as a B cell growth factor) in CD19+ B cell lymphoproliferation and response to LPS stimulation. Targeted deletion of PTEN and directed expression of IL-14α in the CD19+ B cell compartment (IL-14+PTEN-/-) lead to marked splenomegaly and altered spleen morphology at baseline due to expansion of marginal zone B cells, a phenotype that was exaggerated by treatment with the B cell mitogen and TLR4/RP105 ligand, LPS. Moreover, LPS stimulation of CD19+ cells isolated from these mice display increased proliferation, augmented AKT and NFκB activation as well as increased expression of c-myc and cyclinD1. Interestingly, treatment of LPS treated IL-14+PTEN-/- mice with a pan PI-3K inhibitor, SF1126, reduced splenomegaly, cell proliferation, c-myc and cyclin D1 expression in the CD19+ B cell compartment and normalized the splenic histopathologic architecture. These findings provide the direct evidence that PTEN and PI-3K inhibitors control TLR4/RP105/LPS signaling in the CD19+ B cell compartment and that pan PI-3 kinase inhibitors reverse the lymphoproliferative phenotype in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok R Singh
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Susan K Peirce
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shweta Joshi
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Donald L Durden
- UCSD Department of Pediatrics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, UCSD Rady Children׳s Hospital, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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35
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Matas-Céspedes A, Rodriguez V, Kalko SG, Vidal-Crespo A, Rosich L, Casserras T, Balsas P, Villamor N, Giné E, Campo E, Roué G, López-Guillermo A, Colomer D, Pérez-Galán P. Disruption of follicular dendritic cells-follicular lymphoma cross-talk by the pan-PI3K inhibitor BKM120 (Buparlisib). Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3458-71. [PMID: 24799524 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To uncover the signaling pathways underlying follicular lymphoma-follicular dendritic cells (FL-FDC) cross-talk and its validation as new targets for therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FL primary cells and cell lines were cocultured in the presence or absence of FDC. After 24 and 48 hours, RNA was isolated from FL cells and subjected to gene expression profiling (GEP) and data meta-analysis using DAVID and GSEA softwares. Blockade of PI3K pathway by the pan-PI3K inhibitor BKM120 (buparlisib; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation) and the effect of PI3K inhibition on FL-FDC cross-talk were analyzed by means of ELISA, RT-PCR, human umbilical vein endothelial cell tube formation, adhesion and migration assays, Western blot, and in vivo studies in mouse FL xenografts. RESULTS GEP of FL-FDC cocultures yields a marked modulation of FL transcriptome by FDC. Pathway assignment by DAVID and GSEA software uncovered an overrepresentation of genes related to angiogenesis, cell adhesion, migration, and serum-response factors. We demonstrate that the addition of the pan-PI3K inhibitor BKM120 to the cocultures was able to downregulate the expression and secretion of proangiogenic factors derived from FL-FDC cocultures, reducing in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis. Moreover, BKM120 efficiently counteracts FDC-mediated cell adhesion and impedes signaling and migration induced by the chemokine CXCL12. BKM120 inhibits both constitutive PI3K/AKT pathway and FDC- or CXCL12-induced PI3K/AKT pathway, hampers FDC survival signaling, and reduces cell proliferation of FL cells in vitro and in mouse xenografts. CONCLUSIONS These data support the use of BKM120 in FL therapy to counteract microenvironment-related survival signaling in FL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Matas-Céspedes
- Authors' Affiliations: Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Department of Hemato-Oncology
| | - Vanina Rodriguez
- Authors' Affiliations: Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Department of Hemato-Oncology
| | | | - Anna Vidal-Crespo
- Authors' Affiliations: Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Department of Hemato-Oncology
| | - Laia Rosich
- Authors' Affiliations: Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Department of Hemato-Oncology
| | | | - Patricia Balsas
- Authors' Affiliations: Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Department of Hemato-Oncology
| | | | - Eva Giné
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elías Campo
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology; and
| | - Gaël Roué
- Authors' Affiliations: Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Department of Hemato-Oncology
| | | | - Dolors Colomer
- Authors' Affiliations: Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Department of Hemato-Oncology; Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology; and
| | - Patricia Pérez-Galán
- Authors' Affiliations: Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Department of Hemato-Oncology;
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Castillo JJ, Iyengar M, Kuritzky B, Bishop KD. Isotype-specific inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway in hematologic malignancies. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:333-42. [PMID: 24591840 PMCID: PMC3937185 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s34641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the advent of biological targeted therapies has revolutionized the management of several types of cancer, especially in the realm of hematologic malignancies. One of these pathways, and the center of this review, is the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. The PI3K pathway seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis and survival advantage in hematologic malignancies, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. The objectives of the present review, hence, are to describe the current knowledge on the PI3K pathway and its isoforms, and to summarize preclinical and clinical studies using PI3K inhibitors, focusing on the advances made in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J Castillo
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meera Iyengar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Benjamin Kuritzky
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kenneth D Bishop
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Fang X, Zhou X, Wang X. Clinical development of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Biomark Res 2013; 1:30. [PMID: 24252186 PMCID: PMC4177547 DOI: 10.1186/2050-7771-1-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is extensively explored in cancers. It functions as an important regulator of cell growth, survival and metabolism. Activation of this pathway also predicts poor prognosis in numerous human malignancies. Drugs targeting this signaling pathway have been developed and have shown preliminary clinical activity. Accumulating evidence has highlighted the important role of PI3K in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), especially in the disease initiation and progression. Therapeutic functions of PI3K inhibitors in NHL have been demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro. This review will summarize recent advances in the activation of PI3K signaling in different types of NHL and the applications of PI3K inhibitors in NHL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P,R, China.
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Activity of the pan-class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor NVP-BKM120 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2013; 28:1196-206. [PMID: 24310736 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Constitutively active phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling is a common feature of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), where it upregulates cell proliferation, survival and drug resistance. These observations lend compelling weight to the application of PI3K inhibitors in the therapy of T-ALL. Here, we have analyzed the therapeutic potential of the pan-PI3K inhibitor NVP-BKM120 (BKM120), an orally bioavailable 2,6-dimorpholino pyrimidine derivative, which has entered clinical trials for solid tumors, on both T-ALL cell lines and patient samples. BKM120 treatment resulted in G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, being cytotoxic to a panel of T-ALL cell lines and patient T lymphoblasts, and promoting a dose- and time-dependent dephosphorylation of Akt and S6RP. BKM120 maintained its pro-apoptotic activity against Jurkat cells even when cocultured with MS-5 stromal cells, which mimic the bone marrow microenvironment. Remarkably, BKM120 synergized with chemotherapeutic agents currently used for treating T-ALL patients. Moreover, in vivo administration of BKM120 to a subcutaneous xenotransplant model of human T-ALL significantly delayed tumor growth, thus prolonging survival time. Taken together, our findings indicate that BKM120, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, may be an efficient treatment for T-ALLs that have aberrant upregulation of the PI3K signaling pathway.
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