1
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Luo X, Zhang Y, Meng Y, Ji M, Wang Y. Prognostic significance of KLF4 in solid tumours: an updated meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:181. [PMID: 35177016 PMCID: PMC8851789 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc finger-containing transcription factor predominantly expressed in terminally differentiated epithelial tissues. Many studies have shown that KLF4 has various mechanisms in different tumours; however, the prognostic role of KLF4 remains unclear. Methods and results We searched the relevant literature that evaluated the prognostic value of KLF4 in different cancers, and the original survival data were obtained from the text, tables or Kaplan–Meier curves for both comparative groups. Thirty studies were included in this meta-analysis, and a total of 10 malignant tumours were involved. The expression of KLF4 was not associated with the prognosis for overall survival (hazard ratio(HR)0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65–1.13, P = 0.28), disease-free survival/recurrence-free survival/metastasis-free survival (HR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.52–1.44, P = 0.58) or disease-specific survival (HR 1.13, 95% CI: 0.44–2.87, P = 0.8). Conclusion This study showed that the expression of KLF4 was not related to the prognosis of the tumours that were included in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease. Beijing Digestive Disease Center. Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease., Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease. Beijing Digestive Disease Center. Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease., Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ming Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease. Beijing Digestive Disease Center. Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease., Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease. Beijing Digestive Disease Center. Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease., Beijing, 100050, China
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2
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Yang X, Chen C, Li L, Xiao T, Zou YD, Zheng D. Current research advances in microRNA-mediated regulation of Krüppel-like factor 4 in cancer: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:948. [PMID: 34350263 PMCID: PMC8263881 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the miRNAs and related mechanisms that regulates KLF4 in different cancers. Furthermore, we summarized the potential targets of miRNAs regulating the KLF4 pathway in cancer research. Background MiRNAs are single-stranded, endogenous non-coding small RNAs, some of which are related to human cancers. miRNAs carry out post-transcriptional gene regulation through translation inhibition and degradation of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) via complementarily pairing with their 3' untranslated regions. KLF4 is an important transcription factor with complex involvement in cancer. Increasing evidence shows that miRNAs are dysregulated in cancer and can regulate cancer-related signaling pathways, thereby affecting tumor progression. Methods Systematic scientific literature searches were undertaken on PubMed using the following terms: "miRNAs and KLF4", "KLF4 and cancer", "miRNAs and cancer", and "miRNAs, KLF4 and cancer". Relevant papers were retrieved and further results were found by reviewing related papers and the references of the retrieved papers. We then conducted a narrative overview of the literature to summarize the results of the papers. Conclusions The role of KLF4 in cancer varies in a context-dependent manner. KLF4-regulating miRNAs in different tumors include miR-124, miR-9-5p, miR-10b, miR-18a, miR-25-3p, miR-10b, miR-92a, miR-103, miR-155, miR-135b-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-148-3p, miR-152-3p, miR-10b, miR-25, miR-3120-5p, miR-7, miR-1233-3p, miR-10b, miR-145, miR-139-5p, miR-16, miR-152, miR-375, and miR-145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Li
- Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong-Dong Zou
- Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Duo Zheng
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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3
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Lewis AH, Bridges CS, Punia VS, Cooper AFJ, Puppi M, Lacorazza HD. Krüppel-like factor 4 promotes survival and expansion in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2021; 12:255-267. [PMID: 33659038 PMCID: PMC7899553 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy of the bone marrow that affects mostly elderly adults. Alternative therapies are needed for AML patients because the overall prognosis with current standard of care, high dose chemotherapy and allogeneic transplantation, remains poor due to the emergence of refractory and relapsed disease. Here, we found expression of the transcription factor KLF4 in AML cell lines is not silenced through KLF4 gene methylation nor via proteasomal degradation. The deletion of KLF4 by CRISPR-CAS9 technology reduced cell growth and increased apoptosis in both NB4 and MonoMac-6 cell lines. Chemical induced differentiation of gene edited NB4 and MonoMac6 cells with ATRA and PMA respectively increased apoptosis and altered expression of differentiating markers CD11b and CD14. Transplantation of NB4 and MonoMac-6 cells lacking KLF4 into NSG mice resulted in improved overall survival compared to the transplantation of parental cell lines. Finally, loss-of-KLF4 did not alter sensitivity of leukemic cells to the chemotherapeutic drugs daunorubicin and cytarabine. These results suggest that KLF4 expression supports AML cell growth and survival, and the identification and disruption of KLF4-regulated pathways could represent an adjuvant therapeutic approach to increase response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Henry Lewis
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cory Seth Bridges
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Viraaj Singh Punia
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abraham Fausto Jornada Cooper
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- SMART Program at Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Monica Puppi
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - H. Daniel Lacorazza
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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4
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Montecillo-Aguado M, Morales-Martínez M, Huerta-Yepez S, Vega MI. KLF4 inhibition by Kenpaullone induces cytotoxicity and chemo sensitization in B-NHL cell lines via YY1 independent. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:1422-1431. [PMID: 33410342 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1869960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a member of the KLF transcription factor family containing zinc-fingers, and is involved in the regulation of apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation of B cells and B-cell malignancies. KLF4 can act like an oncogene, we shown that KLF4 overexpression correlated with poor prognostic and chemoresistance in B-NHL. In addition, we shown that KLF4 is regulated by YY1. In this study, we demonstrate that chemical inhibition of KLF4 by Kenpaullone, results in suppression of proliferation, cell survival, downregulation of Bcl-2 and increases apoptosis in B-NHL cell lines through YY1 independent pathway. Combination of Kenpaullone and Doxorubicin, increased apoptosis. The co-expressions of KLF4/YY1 or KLF4/Bcl-2 in NHL was analyzed using Oncomine Database, exhibiting a positive correlation of expression. The present findings suggest that the chemical inhibition of KLF4 by Kenpaullone treatment could be a potential therapeutic alternatively in KLF4+ lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Montecillo-Aguado
- Molecular Signal Pathway in Cancer Laboratory, UIMEO, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, IMSS, México City, México.,Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Mario Morales-Martínez
- Molecular Signal Pathway in Cancer Laboratory, UIMEO, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, IMSS, México City, México.,Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez S.S.A, México City, México
| | - Mario I Vega
- Molecular Signal Pathway in Cancer Laboratory, UIMEO, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, IMSS, México City, México.,Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Division, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, UCLA Medical Center, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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5
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Morales-Martinez M, Vega MI. Participation of different miRNAs in the regulation of YY1: Their role in pathogenesis, chemoresistance, and therapeutic implication in hematologic malignancies. YY1 IN THE CONTROL OF THE PATHOGENESIS AND DRUG RESISTANCE OF CANCER 2021:171-198. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821909-6.00010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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6
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Morales-Martinez M, Vega GG, Neri N, Nambo MJ, Alvarado I, Cuadra I, Duran-Padilla MA, Huerta-Yepez S, Vega MI. MicroRNA-7 Regulates Migration and Chemoresistance in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Cells Through Regulation of KLF4 and YY1. Front Oncol 2020; 10:588893. [PMID: 33194748 PMCID: PMC7654286 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.588893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery and description of the role of microRNAs has become very important, specifically due to their participation in the regulation of proteins and transcription factors involved in the development of cancer. microRNA-7 (miR-7) has been described as a negative regulator of several proteins involved in cancer, such as YY1 and KLF4. We have recently reported that YY1 and KLF4 play a role in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and that the expression of KLF4 is regulated by YY1. Therefore, in this study we analyzed the role of miR-7 in NHL through the negative regulation of YY1 and KLF4. qRT-PCR showed that there is an inverse expression of miR-7 in relation to the expression of YY1 and KLF4 in B-NHL cell lines. The possible regulation of YY1 and KLF4 by miR-7 was analyzed using the constitutive expression or inhibition of miR-7, as well as using reporter plasmids containing the 3 'UTR region of YY1 or KLF4. The role of miR-7 in NHL, through the negative regulation of YY1 and KLF4 was determined by chemoresistance and migration assays. We corroborated our results in cell lines, in a TMA from NHL patients including DLBCL and follicular lymphoma subtypes, in where we analyzed miR-7 by ISH and YY1 and KLF4 using IHC. All tumors expressing miR-7 showed a negative correlation with YY1 and KLF4 expression. In addition, expression of miR-7 was analyzed using the GEO Database; miR-7 downregulated expression was associated with pour overall-survival. Our results show for the first time that miR-7 is implicate in the cell migration and chemoresistance in NHL, through the negative regulation of YY1 and KLF4. That also support the evidence that YY1 and KLF4 can be a potential therapeutic target in NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Morales-Martinez
- Molecular Signal Pathway in Cancer Laboratory, Unidad de Investigación Medica en Enfermedades Oncologicas (UIMEO), Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, Instituto Méxicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel G. Vega
- Molecular Signal Pathway in Cancer Laboratory, Unidad de Investigación Medica en Enfermedades Oncologicas (UIMEO), Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, Instituto Méxicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Natividad Neri
- Department of Hematology, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M. J Nambo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Alvarado
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivonne Cuadra
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M. A. Duran-Padilla
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital General de México “Eduardo Liceaga”, Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez S.S.A, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario I. Vega
- Molecular Signal Pathway in Cancer Laboratory, Unidad de Investigación Medica en Enfermedades Oncologicas (UIMEO), Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, Instituto Méxicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Division, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, UCLA Medical Center, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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7
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Liu WH, Mrozek-Gorska P, Wirth AK, Herold T, Schwarzkopf L, Pich D, Völse K, Melo-Narváez MC, Carlet M, Hammerschmidt W, Jeremias I. Inducible transgene expression in PDX models in vivo identifies KLF4 as a therapeutic target for B-ALL. Biomark Res 2020; 8:46. [PMID: 32944247 PMCID: PMC7493381 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clinically relevant methods are not available that prioritize and validate potential therapeutic targets for individual tumors, from the vast amount of tumor descriptive expression data. Methods We established inducible transgene expression in clinically relevant patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in vivo to fill this gap. Results With this technique at hand, we analyzed the role of the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) PDX models at different disease stages. In competitive preclinical in vivo trials, we found that re-expression of wild type KLF4 reduced the leukemia load in PDX models of B-ALL, with the strongest effects being observed after conventional chemotherapy in minimal residual disease (MRD). A nonfunctional KLF4 mutant had no effect on this model. The re-expression of KLF4 sensitized tumor cells in the PDX model towards systemic chemotherapy in vivo. It is of major translational relevance that azacitidine upregulated KLF4 levels in the PDX model and a KLF4 knockout reduced azacitidine-induced cell death, suggesting that azacitidine can regulate KLF4 re-expression. These results support the application of azacitidine in patients with B-ALL as a therapeutic option to regulate KLF4. Conclusion Genetic engineering of PDX models allows the examination of the function of dysregulated genes like KLF4 in a highly clinically relevant translational context, and it also enables the selection of therapeutic targets in individual tumors and links their functions to clinically available drugs, which will facilitate personalized treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsin Liu
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Marchioninistraße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Paulina Mrozek-Gorska
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina Wirth
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Marchioninistraße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Herold
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Marchioninistraße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Larissa Schwarzkopf
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Marchioninistraße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dagmar Pich
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Völse
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Marchioninistraße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - M Camila Melo-Narváez
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Munich, Germany
| | - Michela Carlet
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Marchioninistraße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hammerschmidt
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Irmela Jeremias
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Marchioninistraße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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8
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Morales-Martinez M, Valencia-Hipolito A, Vega GG, Neri N, Nambo MJ, Alvarado I, Cuadra I, Duran-Padilla MA, Martinez-Maza O, Huerta-Yepez S, Vega MI. Regulation of Krüppel-Like Factor 4 (KLF4) expression through the transcription factor Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) in non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2173-2188. [PMID: 31040909 PMCID: PMC6481341 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-Like Factor 4 (KLF4) is a member of the KLF transcription factor family, and evidence suggests that KLF4 is either an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. The regulatory mechanism underlying KLF4 expression in cancer, and specifically in lymphoma, is still not understood. Bioinformatics analysis revealed two YY1 putative binding sites in the KLF4 promoter region (-950 bp and -105 bp). Here, the potential regulation of KLF4 by YY1 in NHL was analyzed. Mutation of the putative YY1 binding sites in a previously reported system containing the KLF4 promoter region and CHIP analysis confirmed that these binding sites are important for KLF4 regulation. B-NHL cell lines showed that both KLF4 and YY1 are co-expressed, and transfection with siRNA-YY1 resulted in significant inhibition of KLF4. The clinical implications of YY1 in the transcriptional regulation of KLF4 were investigated by IHC in a TMA with 43 samples of subtypes DLBCL and FL, and all tumor tissues expressing YY1 demonstrated a correlation with KLF4 expression, which was consistent with bioinformatics analyses in several databases. Our findings demonstrated that KLF4 can be transcriptionally regulated by YY1 in B-NHL, and a correlation between YY1 expression and KLF4 was found in clinical samples. Hence, both YY1 and KLF4 may be possible therapeutic biomarkers of NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Morales-Martinez
- Molecular Signal Pathway in Cancer Laboratory, UIMEO, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, IMSS, México City, México.,Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Alberto Valencia-Hipolito
- Molecular Signal Pathway in Cancer Laboratory, UIMEO, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, IMSS, México City, México
| | - Gabriel G Vega
- Molecular Signal Pathway in Cancer Laboratory, UIMEO, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, IMSS, México City, México.,Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Natividad Neri
- Department of Hematology, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, México City, México
| | - Maria J Nambo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, México City, México
| | - Isabel Alvarado
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México City, México
| | - Ivonne Cuadra
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México City, México
| | - Marco A Duran-Padilla
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital General de México "Eduardo Liceaga", Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM, México City, México
| | - Otoniel Martinez-Maza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez" S.S.A, México City, México
| | - Mario I Vega
- Molecular Signal Pathway in Cancer Laboratory, UIMEO, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, IMSS, México City, México.,Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Division, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, UCLA Medical Center, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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9
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Özdemir İ, Pınarlı FG, Pınarlı FA, Aksakal FNB, Okur A, Uyar Göçün P, Karadeniz C. Epigenetic silencing of the tumor suppressor genes SPI1, PRDX2, KLF4, DLEC1, and DAPK1 in childhood and adolescent lymphomas. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2018; 35:131-144. [PMID: 30020823 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2018.1467986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the expression and methylation status of seven distinctive genes with tumor suppressing properties in childhood and adolescent lymphomas. A total of 96 patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL, n = 41), Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL, n = 15), and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH, n = 40, as controls) are included in the research. The expression status of CDKN2A, SPI1, PRDX2, DLEC1, FOXO1, KLF4 and DAPK1 genes were measured with QPCR method after the RNA isolation from paraffin blocks of tumor tissue and cDNA conversion. DNA isolation was performed from samples with low gene expression followed by methylation PCR study specific to promoter regions of these genes. We found that SPI1, PRDX2, DLEC1, KLF4, and DAPK1 genes are significantly less expressed in patient than the control group (p = 0.0001). However, expression of CDKNA2 and FOXO1 genes in the patient and control groups were not statistically different. The methylation ratios of all genes excluding the CDKN2A and FOXO1 were significantly higher in the HL and NHL groups than the controls (p = 0.0001). We showed that SPI1, PRDX2, DLEC1, KLF4 and DAPK1 genes are epigenetically silenced via hypermethylation in the tumor tissues of children with HL and NHL. As CDKN2A gene was not expressed in both patient and control groups, we conclude that it is not specific to malignancy. As FOXO1 gene was similarly expressed in both groups, its relationship with malignancy could not be established. The epigenetically silenced genes may be candidates for biomarkers or therapeutic targets in childhood and adolescent lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- İhsan Özdemir
- a Department of Pediatrics , Gazi University Medical Faculty , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Faruk Güçlü Pınarlı
- b Department of Pediatric Oncology , Gazi University Medical Faculty , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ferda Alpaslan Pınarlı
- c Center of Cell Research and Genetic Diagnosis, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Research Hospital , Health Sciences University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - F Nur Baran Aksakal
- d Department of Public Health , Gazi University Medical Faculty , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Arzu Okur
- b Department of Pediatric Oncology , Gazi University Medical Faculty , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Pınar Uyar Göçün
- e Department of Pathology , Gazi University Medical Faculty , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ceyda Karadeniz
- b Department of Pediatric Oncology , Gazi University Medical Faculty , Ankara , Turkey
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10
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Novel tumor-suppressor function of KLF4 in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Exp Hematol 2017; 53:16-25. [PMID: 28479419 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematological malignancy in pediatric patients. Despite advances in the treatment of this disease, many children with T-cell ALL (T-ALL) die from disease relapse due to low responses to standard chemotherapy and the lack of a targeted therapy that selectively eradicates the chemoresistant leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) responsible for disease recurrence. We reported recently that the reprogramming factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) has a tumor-suppressive function in children with T-ALL. KLF4 silencing by promoter deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation in patients with T-ALL leads to aberrant activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase MAP2K7 and the downstream c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway that controls the expansion of leukemia cells via c-Jun and activating transcription factor 2. This pathway can be inhibited with small molecules and therefore has the potential to eliminate LICs and eradicate disease in combination with standard therapy for patients with refractory and relapsed disease. The present review summarizes the role of the KLF4-MAP2K7 pathway in T-ALL pathogenesis and the function of JNK and MAP2K7 in carcinogenesis and therapy.
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Li XY, Geng LY, Zhou XX, Wei N, Fang XS, Li Y, Wang X. Krüppel-like factor 4 contributes to the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 58:2460-2469. [PMID: 28278702 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1292354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with poor prognosis. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) has been reported as a bi-regulator in malignancies, but little is known about its role in MCL. Here, we showed that KLF4 was downregulated in three MCL cell lines and lymph nodes from MCL patients, which resulted in a negative prognosis. We also found that the regulation of KLF4 could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of Jeko-1 cells. The lentivirally over-expressed KLF4 protein was found bind to β-catenin and could inhibit downstream molecules such as cyclinD1 and c-Myc. Furthermore, 5-azacytidine could decrease the expression of methyltransferase-1 (DNMT-1) and restore the KLF4 expression in MCL cell lines, indicating that methylation might play an important role in the downregulation of KLF4. KLF4 may be a potential therapeutic target as a tumor suppressor in MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Li
- a Department of Hematology , Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , P.R. China
| | - Ling-Yun Geng
- a Department of Hematology , Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Zhou
- a Department of Hematology , Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , P.R. China
| | - Na Wei
- a Department of Hematology , Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Fang
- a Department of Hematology , Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- a Department of Hematology , Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- a Department of Hematology , Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , P.R. China
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Shen Y, Park CS, Suppipat K, Mistretta TA, Puppi M, Horton TM, Rabin K, Gray NS, Meijerink JPP, Lacorazza HD. Inactivation of KLF4 promotes T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and activates the MAP2K7 pathway. Leukemia 2016; 31:1314-1324. [PMID: 27872496 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy with a high incidence of relapse in pediatric ALL. Although most T-ALL patients exhibit activating mutations in NOTCH1, the cooperating genetic events required to accelerate the onset of leukemia and worsen disease progression are largely unknown. Here, we show that the gene encoding the transcription factor KLF4 is inactivated by DNA methylation in children with T-ALL. In mice, loss of KLF4 accelerated the development of NOTCH1-induced T-ALL by enhancing the G1-to-S transition in leukemic cells and promoting the expansion of leukemia-initiating cells. Mechanistically, KLF4 represses the gene encoding the kinase MAP2K7. Our results showed that in murine and pediatric T-ALL, loss of KLF4 leads to aberrant activation of MAP2K7 and of the downstream effectors JNK and ATF2. As a proof-of-concept for the development of a targeted therapy, administration of JNK inhibitors reduced the expansion of leukemia cells in cell-based and patient-derived xenograft models. Collectively, these data uncover a novel function for KLF4 in regulating the MAP2K7 pathway in T-ALL cells, which can be targeted to eradicate leukemia-initiating cells in T-ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shen
- Department of Pathology &Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C S Park
- Department of Pathology &Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K Suppipat
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T-A Mistretta
- Department of Pathology &Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Puppi
- Department of Pathology &Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T M Horton
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K Rabin
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J P P Meijerink
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam and the Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H D Lacorazza
- Department of Pathology &Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Riz I, Hawley TS, Hawley RG. KLF4-SQSTM1/p62-associated prosurvival autophagy contributes to carfilzomib resistance in multiple myeloma models. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14814-31. [PMID: 26109433 PMCID: PMC4558117 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable clonal plasma cell malignancy. Because of a high rate of immunoglobulin synthesis, the endoplasmic reticulum of MM cells is subjected to elevated basal levels of stress. Consequently, proteasome inhibitors, which exacerbate this stress by inhibiting ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated protein degradation, are an important new class of chemotherapeutic agents being used to combat this disease. However, MM cells still develop resistance to proteasome inhibitors such as carfilzomib. Toward this end, we have established carfilzomib-resistant derivatives of MM cell lines. We found that resistance to carfilzomib was associated with elevated levels of prosurvival autophagy, and Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) was identified as a contributing factor. Expression levels as well as nuclear localization of KLF4 protein were elevated in MM cells with acquired carfilzomib resistance. Chromatin immunoprecipitations indicated that endogenous KLF4 bound to the promoter regions of the SQSTM1 gene encoding the ubiquitin-binding adaptor protein sequestosome/p62 that links the proteasomal and autophagic protein degradation pathways. Ectopic expression of KLF4 induced upregulation of SQSTM1. On the other hand, inhibitors of autophagy sensitized MM cells to carfilzomib, even in carfilzomib-resistant derivatives having increased expression of the multidrug resistance protein P-glycoprotein. Thus, we report here a novel function for KLF4, one of the Yamanaka reprogramming factors, as being a contributor to autophagy gene expression which moderates preclinical proteasome inhibitor efficacy in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Riz
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Teresa S Hawley
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert G Hawley
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Yang Y, Katz JP. KLF4 is downregulated but not mutated during human esophageal squamous cell carcinogenesis and has tumor stage-specific functions. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:422-9. [PMID: 26934576 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1156260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is decreased in human esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC), and Klf4 deletion in mice produces squamous cell dysplasia. Nonetheless the mechanisms of KLF4 downregulation in ESCC and the functions of KLF4 during ESCC development and progression are not well understood. Here, we sought to define the regulation of KLF4 and delineate the stage-specific effects of KLF4 in ESCC. We found that KLF4 expression was decreased in human ESCC and in 8 of 9 human ESCC cell lines. However, by genomic sequencing, we observed no KLF4 mutations or copy number changes in any of 52 human ESCC, suggesting other mechanisms for KLF4 silencing. In fact, KLF4 expression in human ESCC cell lines was increased by the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine, suggesting an epigenetic mechanism for KLF4 silencing. Surprisingly, while KLF4 decreased in high-grade dysplasia and early stage tumors, KLF4 increased with advanced cancer stage, and KLF4 expression in ESCC was inversely correlated with survival. Interestingly, KLF4 promoted invasion of human ESCC cells, providing a functional link to the stage-specific expression of KLF4. Taken together, these findings suggest that KLF4 loss is necessary for esophageal tumorigenesis but that restored KLF4 expression in ESCC promotes tumor spread. Thus, the use of KLF4 as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in cancer requires careful consideration of context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizeng Yang
- a Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Jonathan P Katz
- a Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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Lu XJ, Shi Y, Chen JL, Ma S. Krüppel-like factors in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:533-41. [PMID: 25652467 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis are still elusive. In recent years, studies on functions of Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) in HCC have shed new light on this field. To date, five members (KLF4, KLF6, KLF8, KLF9, and KLF17) in the KLF family have been reported to function in the pathogenesis of HCC in multiple ways, which hold the potential of deepening and widening our understanding in the initiation and progression of HCC. In this review, we focus on the functions, roles, and regulatory networks of these five KLFs in HCC, summarize key pathways, and propose areas for further investigation, with the hope that this review will provide a reliable and concise reference for readers interested in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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DNA methylation profiling identifies two splenic marginal zone lymphoma subgroups with different clinical and genetic features. Blood 2015; 125:1922-31. [PMID: 25612624 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-596247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma is a rare lymphoma. Loss of 7q31 and somatic mutations affecting the NOTCH2 and KLF2 genes are the commonest genomic aberrations. Epigenetic changes can be pharmacologically reverted; therefore, identification of groups of patients with specific epigenomic alterations might have therapeutic relevance. Here we integrated genome-wide DNA-promoter methylation profiling with gene expression profiling, and clinical and biological variables. An unsupervised clustering analysis of a test series of 98 samples identified 2 clusters with different degrees of promoter methylation. The cluster comprising samples with higher-promoter methylation (High-M) had a poorer overall survival compared with the lower (Low-M) cluster. The prognostic relevance of the High-M phenotype was confirmed in an independent validation set of 36 patients. In the whole series, the High-M phenotype was associated with IGHV1-02 usage, mutations of NOTCH2 gene, 7q31-32 loss, and histologic transformation. In the High-M set, a number of tumor-suppressor genes were methylated and repressed. PRC2 subunit genes and several prosurvival lymphoma genes were unmethylated and overexpressed. A model based on the methylation of 3 genes (CACNB2, HTRA1, KLF4) identified a poorer-outcome patient subset. Exposure of splenic marginal zone lymphoma cell lines to a demethylating agent caused partial reversion of the High-M phenotype and inhibition of proliferation.
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McNeer JL. The identity crisis of Krüppel-like factor 4. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:1703-4. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.874011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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