1
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Zhang J, Chen C, Yan W, Fu Y. New sights of immunometabolism and agent progress in colitis associated colorectal cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1303913. [PMID: 38273841 PMCID: PMC10808433 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1303913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Colitis associated colorectal cancer is a disease with a high incidence and complex course that develops from chronic inflammation and deteriorates after various immune responses and inflammation-induced attacks. Colitis associated colorectal cancer has the characteristics of both immune diseases and cancer, and the similarity of treatment models contributes to the similar treatment dilemma. Immunometabolism contributes to the basis of life and is the core of many immune diseases. Manipulating metabolic signal transduction can be an effective way to control the immune process, which is expected to become a new target for colitis associated colorectal cancer therapy. Immune cells participate in the whole process of colitis associated colorectal cancer development by transforming their functional condition via changing their metabolic ways, such as glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. The same immune and metabolic processes may play different roles in inflammation, dysplasia, and carcinoma, so anti-inflammation agents, immunomodulators, and agents targeting special metabolism should be used in combination to prevent and inhibit the development of colitis associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyue Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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2
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Ma D, Liu P, Hu C, Zhou Z, Wang P, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ran Y, Li P, Zhao J, Wang J, Zhang C, Tang L. Intracellular angiopoietin-1 promotes TKI-resistance via activation of JAK/STAT5 pathway in chronic myeloid leukemia. Oncogene 2023; 42:124-137. [PMID: 36385374 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance from BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and other chemotherapeutics results in treatment failure and disease progression in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, the mechanism is still uncertain. In this study, we investigated the role of angiopoietin-1 (ANG-1) as a potential prognostic factor for drug resistance in CML. Both intracellular and secretory ANG-1 (iANG-1 and sANG-1) were overexpressed in multidrug-resistant CML samples. The IC50 value was higher in primary CD34+ CD38- cells with more ANG-1. Silencing ANG-1significantly sensitized three TKI-resistant CML cell lines to imatinib (IM) while recombinant human ANG-1 failed to retain cell survival in vitro. This indicated the important role of iANG-1 as opposed to sANG-1 in CML drug resistance. Moreover, a similar effect was observed in xenograft mice models bearing ANG-1-silenced CML cells. Subsequently, pathway analysis and protein validation experiments showed activation of the JAK/STAT pathway and augmentation of STAT5a phosphorylation in ANG-1 restored CML cells. Upstream Src phosphorylation, which plays a crucial role in CML drug resistance, was also upregulated as a key event in iANG-1-related JAK/STAT pathway activation. In conclusion, our study elucidated a new BCR-ABL independent molecular mechanism induced by intracytoplasmic ANG-1 overexpression as a potential strategy for overcoming CML resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Chujiao Hu
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yunsheng Ran
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Pinghao Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Jiangyuan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Lei Tang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
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3
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Du S, Alvarado JJ, Wales TE, Moroco JA, Engen JR, Smithgall TE. ATP-site inhibitors induce unique conformations of the acute myeloid leukemia-associated Src-family kinase, Fgr. Structure 2022; 30:1508-1517.e3. [PMID: 36115344 PMCID: PMC9637690 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Src-family kinase Fgr is expressed primarily in myeloid hematopoietic cells and contributes to myeloid leukemia. Here, we present X-ray crystal structures of Fgr bound to the ATP-site inhibitors A-419259 and TL02-59, which show promise as anti-leukemic agents. A-419259 induces a closed Fgr conformation, with the SH3 and SH2 domains engaging the SH2-kinase linker and C-terminal tail, respectively. In the Fgr:A-419259 complex, the activation loop of one monomer inserts into the active site of the other, providing a snapshot of trans-autophosphorylation. By contrast, TL02-59 binding induced SH2 domain displacement from the C-terminal tail and SH3 domain release from the linker. Solution studies using HDX MS were consistent with the crystal structures, with A-419259 reducing and TL02-59 enhancing solvent exposure of the SH3 domain. These structures demonstrate that allosteric connections between the kinase and regulatory domains of Src-family kinases are regulated by the ligand bound to the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoucheng Du
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 523, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - John J Alvarado
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 523, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Thomas E Wales
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamie A Moroco
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas E Smithgall
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 523, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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4
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Nafar S, Nouri N, Alipour M, Fallahi J, Zare F, Tabei SMB. Exosome as a target for cancer treatment. J Investig Med 2022; 70:1212-1218. [PMID: 35210328 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles covered by a lipid bilayer, ranging in size from 50 nm to 90 nm, secreted by different cell types in the body under normal and pathological conditions. They are surrounded by cell-segregated membrane complexes and play a role in the pathological and physiological environments of target cells by transfer of different molecules such as microRNA (miRNA). Exosomes have been detected in many body fluids, such as in the amniotic fluid, urine, breast milk, blood, saliva, ascites, semen, and bile. They include proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids such as DNA, RNA, and miRNA, which have many functions in target cells under pathological and physiological conditions. They participate in pathological processes such as tumor growth and survival, autoimmunity, neurodegenerative disorders, infectious diseases, inflammation conditions, and others. Biomarkers in exosomes isolated from body fluids have allowed for a more precise and consistent diagnostic method than previous approaches. Exosomes can be used in a variety of intracellular functions, and with advances in molecular techniques they can be used in the treatment and diagnosis of many diseases, including cancer. These vesicles play a significant role in various stages of cancer. Tumor-derived exosomes have an important role in tumor growth, survival, and metastasis. In contrast, the use of stem cells in cancer treatment is a relatively new scientific area. We hope to address targeted use of miRNA-carrying exosomes in cancer therapy in this review paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Nafar
- Department of Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maedeh Alipour
- MSc of Hematology and Blood Bank, Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jafar Fallahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fateme Zare
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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5
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El-Sisi MG, Radwan SM, Saeed AM, El-Mesallamy HO. Serum levels of FAK and some of its effectors in adult AML: correlation with prognostic factors and survival. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1949-1963. [PMID: 33507464 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-04030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), human myofibrillogenesis regulator-1 (MR-1), ephrin receptor type A4 (EphA4), proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase Src (Src), and protein kinase C (PKC) are important markers in proliferation, survival, and migration in some cancers. However, the significance of each is still unclear in different malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate their serum levels in Egyptian adult de novo AML patients (n = 70) against healthy volunteers (n = 20). We managed to study the correlation between each pair and to investigate their association with diagnosis, prognosis, and survival. Serum levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that FAK, MR-1, Src, and PKC serum levels were significantly higher in AML patients compared to control (p < 0.0001), and this was associated with significantly lower EphA4 level (p < 0.0001). Interestingly, we also observed a significant negative correlation of FAK (p = 0.027), MR-1 (p = 0.003), Src (p = 0.038), and PKC (p = 0.03) with patients' overall survival (OS) while there was a positive significant correlation between EphA4 and OS (p = 0.007). In conclusion, this study suggests that FAK, MR-1, EphA4, Src, and PKC may be used as early diagnostic and prognostic markers with high sensitivity and specificity in AML patients and thus may be incorporated into the patients' early diagnostic and prognostic panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona G El-Sisi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara M Radwan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alia M Saeed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hematology and Oncology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala O El-Mesallamy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. .,Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Sinai, Egypt.
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K. Bhanumathy K, Balagopal A, Vizeacoumar FS, Vizeacoumar FJ, Freywald A, Giambra V. Protein Tyrosine Kinases: Their Roles and Their Targeting in Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020184. [PMID: 33430292 PMCID: PMC7825731 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Protein phosphorylation is a key regulatory mechanism that controls a wide variety of cellular responses. This process is catalysed by the members of the protein kinase superfamily that are classified into two main families based on their ability to phosphorylate either tyrosine or serine and threonine residues in their substrates. Massive research efforts have been invested in dissecting the functions of tyrosine kinases, revealing their importance in the initiation and progression of human malignancies. Based on these investigations, numerous tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been included in clinical protocols and proved to be effective in targeted therapies for various haematological malignancies. In this review, we provide insights into the role of tyrosine kinases in leukaemia and discuss their targeting for therapeutic purposes with the currently available inhibitory compounds. Abstract Protein kinases constitute a large group of enzymes catalysing protein phosphorylation and controlling multiple signalling events. The human protein kinase superfamily consists of 518 members and represents a complicated system with intricate internal and external interactions. Protein kinases are classified into two main families based on the ability to phosphorylate either tyrosine or serine and threonine residues. Among the 90 tyrosine kinase genes, 58 are receptor types classified into 20 groups and 32 are of the nonreceptor types distributed into 10 groups. Tyrosine kinases execute their biological functions by controlling a variety of cellular responses, such as cell division, metabolism, migration, cell–cell and cell matrix adhesion, cell survival and apoptosis. Over the last 30 years, a major focus of research has been directed towards cancer-associated tyrosine kinases owing to their critical contributions to the development and aggressiveness of human malignancies through the pathological effects on cell behaviour. Leukaemia represents a heterogeneous group of haematological malignancies, characterised by an uncontrolled proliferation of undifferentiated hematopoietic cells or leukaemia blasts, mostly derived from bone marrow. They are usually classified as chronic or acute, depending on the rates of their progression, as well as myeloid or lymphoblastic, according to the type of blood cells involved. Overall, these malignancies are relatively common amongst both children and adults. In malignant haematopoiesis, multiple tyrosine kinases of both receptor and nonreceptor types, including AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL), Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), Mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (MET), proto-oncogene c-Src (SRC), Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and pro-oncogenic Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 1 (ABL1) mutants, are implicated in the pathogenesis and drug resistance of practically all types of leukaemia. The role of ABL1 kinase mutants and their therapeutic inhibitors have been extensively analysed in scientific literature, and therefore, in this review, we provide insights into the impact and mechanism of action of other tyrosine kinases involved in the development and progression of human leukaemia and discuss the currently available and emerging treatment options based on targeting these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana K. Bhanumathy
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (A.B.); (F.J.V.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.B.); (V.G.); Tel.: +1-(306)-716-7456 (K.K.B.); +39-0882-416574 (V.G.)
| | - Amrutha Balagopal
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (A.B.); (F.J.V.)
| | - Frederick S. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (F.S.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Franco J. Vizeacoumar
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (A.B.); (F.J.V.)
- Cancer Research Department, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (F.S.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Giambra
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
- Correspondence: (K.K.B.); (V.G.); Tel.: +1-(306)-716-7456 (K.K.B.); +39-0882-416574 (V.G.)
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7
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De Kock L, Freson K. The (Patho)Biology of SRC Kinase in Platelets and Megakaryocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56120633. [PMID: 33255186 PMCID: PMC7759910 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56120633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SRC (SRC), as other members of the SRC family kinases (SFK), plays an important role in regulating signal transduction by different cell surface receptors after changes in the cellular environment. Here, we reviewed the role of SRC in platelets and megakaryocytes (MK). In platelets, inactive closed SRC is coupled to the β subunit of integrin αIIbβ3 while upon fibrinogen binding during platelet activation, αIIbβ3-mediated outside-in signaling is initiated by activation of SRC. Active open SRC now further stimulates many downstream effectors via tyrosine phosphorylation of enzymes, adaptors, and especially cytoskeletal components. Functional platelet studies using SRC knockout mice or broad spectrum SFK inhibitors pointed out that SRC mediates their spreading on fibrinogen. On the other hand, an activating pathological SRC missense variant E527K in humans that causes bleeding inhibits collagen-induced platelet activation while stimulating platelet spreading. The role of SRC in megakaryopoiesis is much less studied. SRC knockout mice have a normal platelet count though studies with SFK inhibitors point out that SRC could interfere with MK polyploidization and proplatelet formation but these inhibitors are not specific. Patients with the SRC E527K variant have thrombocytopenia due to hyperactive SRC that inhibits proplatelet formation after increased spreading of MK on fibrinogen and enhanced formation of podosomes. Studies in humans have contributed significantly to our understanding of SRC signaling in platelets and MK.
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8
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Beauchamp E, Yap MC, Iyer A, Perinpanayagam MA, Gamma JM, Vincent KM, Lakshmanan M, Raju A, Tergaonkar V, Tan SY, Lim ST, Dong WF, Postovit LM, Read KD, Gray DW, Wyatt PG, Mackey JR, Berthiaume LG. Targeting N-myristoylation for therapy of B-cell lymphomas. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5348. [PMID: 33093447 PMCID: PMC7582192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myristoylation, the N-terminal modification of proteins with the fatty acid myristate, is critical for membrane targeting and cell signaling. Because cancer cells often have increased N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) expression, NMTs were proposed as anti-cancer targets. To systematically investigate this, we performed robotic cancer cell line screens and discovered a marked sensitivity of hematological cancer cell lines, including B-cell lymphomas, to the potent pan-NMT inhibitor PCLX-001. PCLX-001 treatment impacts the global myristoylation of lymphoma cell proteins and inhibits early B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling events critical for survival. In addition to abrogating myristoylation of Src family kinases, PCLX-001 also promotes their degradation and, unexpectedly, that of numerous non-myristoylated BCR effectors including c-Myc, NFκB and P-ERK, leading to cancer cell death in vitro and in xenograft models. Because some treated lymphoma patients experience relapse and die, targeting B-cell lymphomas with a NMT inhibitor potentially provides an additional much needed treatment option for lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Beauchamp
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada.,Pacylex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Megan C Yap
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada.,Pacylex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aishwarya Iyer
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
| | - Maneka A Perinpanayagam
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada.,Pacylex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jay M Gamma
- Departments of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
| | - Krista M Vincent
- Departments of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
| | - Manikandan Lakshmanan
- Mouse Models of Human Cancer Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
| | - Anandhkumar Raju
- Advanced Molecular Pathology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673.,Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Advanced Molecular Pathology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673.,Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo Yong Tan
- Advanced Molecular Pathology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673.,Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soon Thye Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Outram Road, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Wei-Feng Dong
- Departments of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
| | - Lynne M Postovit
- Departments of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
| | - Kevin D Read
- Drug Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - David W Gray
- Drug Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Paul G Wyatt
- Drug Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - John R Mackey
- Pacylex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Departments of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
| | - Luc G Berthiaume
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada. .,Pacylex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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9
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The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM7 suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma progression by directly targeting Src protein. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:1819-1831. [PMID: 31802035 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Src kinase activity is known to be involved in a variety of human malignancies, whereas the regulatory mechanism of Src has not been completely clarified. Here, we demonstrated that tripartite motif containing 7 (TRIM7) directly interacted with Src, induced Lys48-linked polyubiquitination of Src and reduced the abundance of Src protein in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. We further identified TRIM7 as a tumor suppressor in HCC cells through its negative modulation of the Src-mTORC1-S6K1 axis in vivo and in vitro in several HCC models. Moreover, we verified the dysregulated expression of TRIM7 in clinical liver cancer tissues and its negative correlation with Src protein in clinical HCC specimens. Overall, we demonstrated that TRIM7 suppressed HCC progression through its direct negative regulation of Src and modulation of the Src-mTORC1-S6K1 axis; thus, we provided a novel insight into the development of HCC and defined a promising therapeutic strategy for cancers with overactive Src by modulating TRIM7.
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10
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Parkin A, Man J, Timpson P, Pajic M. Targeting the complexity of Src signalling in the tumour microenvironment of pancreatic cancer: from mechanism to therapy. FEBS J 2019; 286:3510-3539. [PMID: 31330086 PMCID: PMC6771888 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, a disease with extremely poor prognosis, has been notoriously resistant to virtually all forms of treatment. The dynamic crosstalk that occurs between tumour cells and the surrounding stroma, frequently mediated by intricate Src/FAK signalling, is increasingly recognised as a key player in pancreatic tumourigenesis, disease progression and therapeutic resistance. These important cues are fundamental for defining the invasive potential of pancreatic tumours, and several components of the Src and downstream effector signalling have been proposed as potent anticancer therapeutic targets. Consequently, numerous agents that block this complex network are being extensively investigated as potential antiinvasive and antimetastatic therapeutic agents for this disease. In this review, we will discuss the latest evidence of Src signalling in PDAC progression, fibrotic response and resistance to therapy. We will examine future opportunities for the development and implementation of more effective combination regimens, targeting key components of the oncogenic Src signalling axis, and in the context of a precision medicine-guided approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Parkin
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreThe Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
| | - Jennifer Man
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreThe Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreThe Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineSt Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of NSWSydneyAustralia
| | - Marina Pajic
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreThe Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineSt Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of NSWSydneyAustralia
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11
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Targeting Tyrosine Kinases in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Why, Who and How? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143429. [PMID: 31336846 PMCID: PMC6679203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a myeloid malignancy carrying a heterogeneous molecular panel of mutations participating in the blockade of differentiation and the increased proliferation of myeloid hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The historical "3 + 7" treatment (cytarabine and daunorubicin) is currently challenged by new therapeutic strategies, including drugs depending on the molecular landscape of AML. This panel of mutations makes it possible to combine some of these new treatments with conventional chemotherapy. For example, the FLT3 receptor is overexpressed or mutated in 80% or 30% of AML, respectively. Such anomalies have led to the development of targeted therapies using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this review, we document the history of TKI targeting, FLT3 and several other tyrosine kinases involved in dysregulated signaling pathways.
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Gwon Y, Kim SH, Kim HT, Kam TI, Park J, Lim B, Cha H, Chang HJ, Hong YR, Jung YK. Amelioration of amyloid β-FcγRIIb neurotoxicity and tau pathologies by targeting LYN. FASEB J 2018; 33:4300-4313. [PMID: 30540497 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800926r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SRC-family kinases (SFKs) have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their mode of action was scarcely understood. Here, we show that LYN plays an essential role in amyloid β (Aβ)-triggered neurotoxicity and tau hyperphosphorylation by phosphorylating Fcγ receptor IIb2 (FcγRIIb2). We found that enzyme activity of LYN was increased in the brain of AD patients and was promoted in neuronal cells exposed to Aβ 1-42 (Aβ1-42). Knockdown of LYN expression inhibited Aβ1-42-induced neuronal cell death. Of note, LYN interacted with FcγRIIb2 upon exposure to Aβ1-42 and phosphorylated FcγRIIb2 at Tyr273 within immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif in neuronal cells. With the use of the structure-based drug design, we isolated KICG2576, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of LYN. Determination of cocrystal structure illustrated that KICG2576 bound to the cleft in the LYN kinase domain and inhibited LYN with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration value of 0.15 μM. KICG2576 inhibited Aβ- or FcγRIIb2-induced cell death, and this effect was better than pyrazolopyrimidine 1, a widely used inhibitor of SFK. Upon exposure to Aβ, KICG2576 blocked the phosphorylation of FcγRIIb2 and translocation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 2, a binding protein to the phosphorylated FcγRIIb2, to the plasma membrane, resulting in the inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation, the downstream event of Aβ1-42-FcγRIIb2 binding. Furthermore, intracerebroventricular injection of KICG2576 into mice ameliorated Aβ-induced memory impairment. These results suggest that LYN plays a crucial role in Aβ1-42-mediated neurotoxicity and tau pathology, providing a therapeutic potential of LYN in AD.-Gwon, Y., Kim, S.-H., Kim, H. T., Kam, T.-I., Park, J., Lim, B., Cha, H., Chang, H.-J., Hong, Y. R., Jung, Y.-K. Amelioration of amyloid β-FcγRIIb neurotoxicity and tau pathologies by targeting LYN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngdae Gwon
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; and
| | - Seo-Hyun Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; and
| | - Hyun Tae Kim
- Crystalgenomics Incorporated, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Tae-In Kam
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; and
| | - Jisu Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; and
| | - Bitna Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; and
| | - Hyunju Cha
- Crystalgenomics Incorporated, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Chang
- Crystalgenomics Incorporated, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yong Rae Hong
- Crystalgenomics Incorporated, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yong-Keun Jung
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; and
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Shen K, Moroco JA, Patel RK, Shi H, Engen JR, Dorman HR, Smithgall TE. The Src family kinase Fgr is a transforming oncoprotein that functions independently of SH3-SH2 domain regulation. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/553/eaat5916. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat5916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fgr is a member of the Src family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, which are overexpressed and constitutively active in many human cancers. Fgr expression is restricted to myeloid hematopoietic cells and is markedly increased in a subset of bone marrow samples from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we investigated the oncogenic potential of Fgr using Rat-2 fibroblasts that do not express the kinase. Expression of either wild-type or regulatory tail-mutant constructs of Fgr promoted cellular transformation (inferred from colony formation in soft agar), which was accompanied by phosphorylation of the Fgr activation loop, suggesting that the kinase domain of Fgr functions independently of regulation by its noncatalytic SH3-SH2 region. Unlike other family members, recombinant Fgr was not activated by SH3-SH2 domain ligands. However, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry data suggested that the regulatory SH3 and SH2 domains packed against the back of the kinase domain in a Src-like manner. Sequence alignment showed that the activation loop of Fgr was distinct from that of all other Src family members, with proline rather than alanine at the +2 position relative to the activation loop tyrosine. Substitution of the activation loop of Fgr with the sequence from Src partially inhibited kinase activity and suppressed colony formation. Last, Fgr expression enhanced the sensitivity of human myeloid progenitor cells to the cytokine GM-CSF. Because its kinase domain is not sensitive to SH3-SH2–mediated control, simple overexpression of Fgr without mutation may contribute to oncogenic transformation in AML and other blood cancers.
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Vibsanin A sensitizes human acute myeloid leukemia cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitor-induced myeloid differentiation via activation of PKC and upregulation of Lyn. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:110-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Siveen KS, Prabhu KS, Achkar IW, Kuttikrishnan S, Shyam S, Khan AQ, Merhi M, Dermime S, Uddin S. Role of Non Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Hematological Malignances and its Targeting by Natural Products. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:31. [PMID: 29455667 PMCID: PMC5817858 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases belong to a family of enzymes that mediate the movement of the phosphate group to tyrosine residues of target protein, thus transmitting signals from the cell surface to cytoplasmic proteins and the nucleus to regulate physiological processes. Non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTK) are a sub-group of tyrosine kinases, which can relay intracellular signals originating from extracellular receptor. NRTKs can regulate a huge array of cellular functions such as cell survival, division/propagation and adhesion, gene expression, immune response, etc. NRTKs exhibit considerable variability in their structural make up, having a shared kinase domain and commonly possessing many other domains such as SH2, SH3 which are protein-protein interacting domains. Recent studies show that NRTKs are mutated in several hematological malignancies, including lymphomas, leukemias and myelomas, leading to aberrant activation. It can be due to point mutations which are intragenic changes or by fusion of genes leading to chromosome translocation. Mutations that lead to constitutive kinase activity result in the formation of oncogenes, such as Abl, Fes, Src, etc. Therefore, specific kinase inhibitors have been sought after to target mutated kinases. A number of compounds have since been discovered, which have shown to inhibit the activity of NRTKs, which are remarkably well tolerated. This review covers the role of various NRTKs in the development of hematological cancers, including their deregulation, genetic alterations, aberrant activation and associated mutations. In addition, it also looks at the recent advances in the development of novel natural compounds that can target NRTKs and perhaps in combination with other forms of therapy can show great promise for the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodappully S Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Iman W Achkar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Sunitha Shyam
- Medical Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar.
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Advani G, Lim YC, Catimel B, Lio DSS, Ng NLY, Chüeh AC, Tran M, Anasir MI, Verkade H, Zhu HJ, Turk BE, Smithgall TE, Ang CS, Griffin M, Cheng HC. Csk-homologous kinase (Chk) is an efficient inhibitor of Src-family kinases but a poor catalyst of phosphorylation of their C-terminal regulatory tyrosine. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:29. [PMID: 28784162 PMCID: PMC5547543 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) and Csk-homologous kinase (Chk) are the major endogenous inhibitors of Src-family kinases (SFKs). They employ two mechanisms to inhibit SFKs. First, they phosphorylate the C-terminal tail tyrosine which stabilizes SFKs in a closed inactive conformation by engaging the SH2 domain in cis. Second, they employ a non-catalytic inhibitory mechanism involving direct binding of Csk and Chk to the active forms of SFKs that is independent of phosphorylation of their C-terminal tail. Csk and Chk are co-expressed in many cell types. Contributions of the two mechanisms towards the inhibitory activity of Csk and Chk are not fully clear. Furthermore, the determinants in Csk and Chk governing their inhibition of SFKs by the non-catalytic inhibitory mechanism are yet to be defined. Methods We determined the contributions of the two mechanisms towards the inhibitory activity of Csk and Chk both in vitro and in transduced colorectal cancer cells. Specifically, we assayed the catalytic activities of Csk and Chk in phosphorylating a specific peptide substrate and a recombinant SFK member Src. We employed surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy to measure the kinetic parameters of binding of Csk, Chk and their mutants to a constitutively active mutant of the SFK member Hck. Finally, we determined the effects of expression of recombinant Chk on anchorage-independent growth and SFK catalytic activity in Chk-deficient colorectal cancer cells. Results Our results revealed Csk as a robust enzyme catalysing phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail tyrosine of SFKs but a weak non-catalytic inhibitor of SFKs. In contrast, Chk is a poor catalyst of SFK tail phosphorylation but binds SFKs with high affinity, enabling it to efficiently inhibit SFKs with the non-catalytic inhibitory mechanism both in vitro and in transduced colorectal cancer cells. Further analyses mapped some of the determinants governing this non-catalytic inhibitory mechanism of Chk to its kinase domain. Conclusions SFKs are activated by different upstream signals to adopt multiple active conformations in cells. SFKs adopting these conformations can effectively be constrained by the two complementary inhibitory mechanisms of Csk and Chk. Furthermore, the lack of this non-catalytic inhibitory mechanism accounts for SFK overactivation in the Chk-deficient colorectal cancer cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12964-017-0186-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gahana Advani
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Bio21 Biotechnology and Molecular Science Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Cell Signalling Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ya Chee Lim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,PAP Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Bruno Catimel
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Daisy Sio Seng Lio
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Bio21 Biotechnology and Molecular Science Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Cell Signalling Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Nadia L Y Ng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Bio21 Biotechnology and Molecular Science Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Cell Signalling Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Anderly C Chüeh
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mai Tran
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Bio21 Biotechnology and Molecular Science Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mohd Ishtiaq Anasir
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Bio21 Biotechnology and Molecular Science Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Heather Verkade
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Benjamin E Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas E Smithgall
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Biotechnology and Molecular Science Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Michael Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Bio21 Biotechnology and Molecular Science Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Heung-Chin Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Bio21 Biotechnology and Molecular Science Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Cell Signalling Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Kratimenos P, Koutroulis I, Syriopoulou V, Michailidi C, Delivoria-Papadopoulos M, Klijanienko J, Theocharis S. FAK-Src-paxillin system expression and disease outcome in human neuroblastoma. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2017; 34:221-230. [PMID: 29040002 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2017.1360969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) often presents with metastatic disease and poor survival. The need for new prognostic markers remains invaluable. The FAK-Src-Paxillin protein system is associated with aggressive phenotype in adult malignancies but is largely unexplored in pediatric NB. OBJECTIVE To assess FAK-Src-Paxillin protein expression in human NB cell lines and clinical cytology material and to delineate its association with survival. DESIGN/METHODS Western blot and immunohistochemistry were applied for FAK-Src-Paxillin expression in NB cell lines and 23 human cytology specimens, respectively. Protein expression in human clinical samples was correlated with clinicopathological parameters, MYCN amplification and survival. RESULTS FAK, Src and Paxillin proteins are expressed in human NB cells lines, and can be detected in clinical cytology specimens from NB patients, (59%, 32% and 33% respectively). Simultaneous FAK-Src-Paxillin expression was noted in 30% of NB patients. Children with concomitant positivity FAK, Src, and Paxillin tumors, as well as MYCN amplification, had increased mortality compared to those without. CONCLUSIONS FAK-Src-Paxillin system is a marker of unfavorable prognosis for human NB patients but also a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Kratimenos
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Children's National Medical Center , The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Washington, DC , USA.,b First Department of Pathology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine , Athens , Greece
| | - Ioannis Koutroulis
- c Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center , The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Vasiliki Syriopoulou
- f National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Athens, Department of Pediatrics , Athens , Greece
| | - Christina Michailidi
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Children's National Medical Center , The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Washington, DC , USA
| | | | | | - Stamatios Theocharis
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Children's National Medical Center , The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Washington, DC , USA.,d Department of Pathology , Institut Curie , Paris , France
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Laurenzana I, Caivano A, La Rocca F, Trino S, De Luca L, D'Alessio F, Schenone S, Falco G, Botta M, Del Vecchio L, Musto P. A Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine Compound Reduces Cell Viability and Induces Apoptosis in Different Hematological Malignancies. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:416. [PMID: 27872592 PMCID: PMC5098387 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapies are based upon drugs acting on tumors by interfering with specific targets involved in growth and spread of cancer. Many targeted therapies were approved by Food and Drug Administration as standard treatment, others were introduced into preclinical or clinical studies on hematological malignancies (HMs). The development of drug-resistance in some HMs and the lack of effective treatments in other ones emphasized the need for searching new molecular targets and therapeutic agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 4c pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compound, a Src inhibitor, on lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms. Here, we demonstrated its ability to reduce cell viability, induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in lymphoid cell lines such as Jurkat, SKMM1, Derl-2/7, and myeloid cell lines, such as Jurl-MK1. Moreover, we reported a high expression of a Src kinase, Fyn, in these cell lines compared to healthy subjects. This study was a starting point to investigate 4c pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compound as a drug for HMs and Src kinases as its potential molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonella Caivano
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesco La Rocca
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture Potenza, Italy
| | - Stefania Trino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture Potenza, Italy
| | - Luciana De Luca
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture Potenza, Italy
| | | | | | - Geppino Falco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., CEINGENapoli, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture Potenza, Italy
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