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Lavacchi D, Landini I, Perrone G, Roviello G, Mini E, Nobili S. Pharmacogenetics in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP: Still an unmet challenge. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 229:107924. [PMID: 34175369 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DLBCL is the most common lymphoma representing approximately one third of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas and about 40% of patients do not benefit of the standard first-line immune-chemotherapeutic treatment (i.e., R-CHOP - rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) that is administered as upfront therapy to substantially all patients independently from the stage of disease and other prognostic parameters. The administration of other pharmacological treatments is in fact limited to selected patients, unfitting for R-CHOP. Although clinical prognostic scores, i.e. International Prognostic Index (IPI), and molecular classifiers based on the cell of origin are available, at present no biomarkers predictive of R-CHOP response has been identified and validated. Constitutional polymorphisms of genes involved in the mechanism of action of drugs included in R-CHOP have been suggested by many authors to play a role in the efficacy and in some case in the toxicity of this treatment. Thus, it is conceivable that in the future, after proper validation, some polymorphisms can be used as pharmacogenetic biomarkers of therapeutic outcome in this disease setting. This review discusses the status of the art on molecular biomarkers predictive of DLBCL prognosis and deals with the relevant issue of the variability in response to DLBCL drug treatment. Overall, this review focuses on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that, based on a candidate gene approach or on a GWAS analysis, have been suggested to play a role in response to R-CHOP. In particular, SNPs discovered by a candidate gene approach are related to gene involved in drug transport (i.e. ATP-binding cassette transporters), drug metabolism, drug detoxification enzymes, oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA repair, immunity and angiogenesis. Data from a GWAS analysis performed in DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP, identified two SNPs associated with clinical outcomes related to genes involved in pivotal cellular processes and in transcriptional regulation and cell cycle progression, respectively. Ongoing prospective pharmacogenetic clinical trials, including a GWAS study we performed, have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lavacchi
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Ida Landini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; DENOTHE Excellence Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Perrone
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; DENOTHE Excellence Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; DENOTHE Excellence Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; DENOTHE Excellence Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Cancer Pharmacology Working Group of the Italian Society of Pharmacology, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Cancer Pharmacology Working Group of the Italian Society of Pharmacology, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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Dwivedi R, Pandey R, Chandra S, Mehrotra D. Apoptosis and genes involved in oral cancer - a comprehensive review. Oncol Rev 2020; 14:472. [PMID: 32685111 PMCID: PMC7365992 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2020.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancers needs relentless research due to high mortality and morbidity associated with it. Despite of the comparable ease in accessibility to these sites, more than 2/3rd cases are diagnosed in advanced stages. Molecular/genetic studies augment clinical assessment, classification and prediction of malignant potential of oral lesions, thereby reducing its incidence and increasing the scope for early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancers. Herein we aim to review the role of apoptosis and genes associated with it in oral cancer development in order to aid in early diagnosis, prediction of malignant potential and evaluation of possible treatment targets in oral cancer. An internet-based search was done with key words apoptosis, genes, mutations, targets and analysis to extract 72 articles after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. The knowledge of genetics and genomics of oral cancer is of utmost need in order to stop the rising prevalence of oral cancer. Translational approach and interventions at the early stage of oral cancer, targeted destruction of cancerous cells by silencing or promoting involved genes should be the ideal intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Dwivedi
- DHR-MRU & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Pandey
- DHR-MRU & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shaleen Chandra
- DHR-MRU & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Mehrotra
- DHR-MRU & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Shahrabi S, Ghanavat M, Behzad MM, Purrahman D, Saki N. CD markers polymorphisms as prognostic biomarkers in hematological malignancies. Oncol Rev 2020; 14:466. [PMID: 32782727 PMCID: PMC7385526 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2020.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The clusters of differentiation (CD) are surface molecules used for immunophenotyping of cells. The expression of CD markers is widely used to classify hematological malignancies, including leukemia and lymphoma. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are crucial genetic changes that can be associated with abnormal expression and function of CD markers. In this paper, we assess the prognostic effect of CD markers’ SNPs in hematological malignancies. Materials and methods and relevant literature was identified by a PubMed search (2001-2019) of English language papers using the following terms: ‘polymorphism’, ‘CD marker’, ‘leukemia’, ‘lymphoma’, ‘prognosis’, ‘CD marker’, and ‘polymorphism’. Many studies have demonstrated the effects of CD markers’ polymorphisms on risk of hematological malignancies. Also, SNPs of CD markers can be related with clinicopathological features, invasiveness, and response to therapy of these disorders. Considering the importance of SNPs in the expressions of CD markers, these genetic changes could be used as potential prognostic biomarkers in hematological malignancies. It is hoped that the evaluation of SNPs in CD markers will enable early diagnosis, prognosis, and detection of response to treatment. However, better understanding of SNPs in CD markers that are involved in hematological malignancies requires further studies on different populations of the worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Shahrabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan
| | - Majid Ghanavat
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
| | - Masumeh Maleki Behzad
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion, Hamadan.,Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Daryush Purrahman
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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How gene polymorphisms can influence clinical response and toxicity following R-CHOP therapy in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Blood Rev 2017; 31:235-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Liu D, Wu N, Sun H, Dong M, Guo T, Chi P, Li G, Sun D, Jin Y. ABCG2 and NCF4 polymorphisms are associated with clinical outcomes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with R-CHOP. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58292-58303. [PMID: 28938556 PMCID: PMC5601652 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of pharmacogenetics on predicting survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains unclear. We tested 337 DLBCL patients treated with rituximab-cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) for 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms from 6 genes (CD20, FCGR2A, NAD(P)H, ABCC2, ABCG2 and CYP3A5). Patients who carried the NCF4 rs1883112 GG genotype showed significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.023) and event-free survival (EFS) (P < 0.001) comparing with A allele. A significantly shortened PFS (P = 0.013) and EFS (P = 0.002) was also observed in the patients with ABCG2 rs2231137 GG genotype. Furthermore, the elder (> 60 years old) or male patients with ABCG2 rs2231137 GG genotype had poorer PFS and EFS than A allele. Moreover, CD20 rs2070770 CC and RAC2 rs13058338 AT genotypes were independent predictors of chemotherapy-induced toxicity. Cox proportional hazards analyses demonstrated that the GG genotype of ABCG2 rs2231137 and NCF4 rs1883112 were risk factors in DLBCL patients. In conclusion, the identified polymorphisms provide guide for the identification of DLBCL patients who are likely to benefit from chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haiming Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tianzhu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peng Chi
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guofu Li
- Department of Neurosurvery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Donglin Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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