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Kazanietz MG, Cooke M. Protein kinase C signaling "in" and "to" the nucleus: Master kinases in transcriptional regulation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105692. [PMID: 38301892 PMCID: PMC10907189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
PKC is a multifunctional family of Ser-Thr kinases widely implicated in the regulation of fundamental cellular functions, including proliferation, polarity, motility, and differentiation. Notwithstanding their primary cytoplasmic localization and stringent activation by cell surface receptors, PKC isozymes impel prominent nuclear signaling ultimately impacting gene expression. While transcriptional regulation may be wielded by nuclear PKCs, it most often relies on cytoplasmic phosphorylation events that result in nuclear shuttling of PKC downstream effectors, including transcription factors. As expected from the unique coupling of PKC isozymes to signaling effector pathways, glaring disparities in gene activation/repression are observed upon targeting individual PKC family members. Notably, specific PKCs control the expression and activation of transcription factors implicated in cell cycle/mitogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and immune function. Additionally, PKCs isozymes tightly regulate transcription factors involved in stepwise differentiation of pluripotent stem cells toward specific epithelial, mesenchymal, and hematopoietic cell lineages. Aberrant PKC expression and/or activation in pathological conditions, such as in cancer, leads to profound alterations in gene expression, leading to an extensive rewiring of transcriptional networks associated with mitogenesis, invasiveness, stemness, and tumor microenvironment dysregulation. In this review, we outline the current understanding of PKC signaling "in" and "to" the nucleus, with significant focus on established paradigms of PKC-mediated transcriptional control. Dissecting these complexities would allow the identification of relevant molecular targets implicated in a wide spectrum of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Kawano T, Inokuchi J, Eto M, Murata M, Kang JH. Protein Kinase C (PKC) Isozymes as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5425. [PMID: 36358843 PMCID: PMC9658272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a large family of calcium- and phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases that consists of at least 11 isozymes. Based on their structural characteristics and mode of activation, the PKC family is classified into three subfamilies: conventional or classic (cPKCs; α, βI, βII, and γ), novel or non-classic (nPKCs; δ, ε, η, and θ), and atypical (aPKCs; ζ, ι, and λ) (PKCλ is the mouse homolog of PKCι) PKC isozymes. PKC isozymes play important roles in proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and anticancer drug resistance in cancer cells. Several studies have shown a positive relationship between PKC isozymes and poor disease-free survival, poor survival following anticancer drug treatment, and increased recurrence. Furthermore, a higher level of PKC activation has been reported in cancer tissues compared to that in normal tissues. These data suggest that PKC isozymes represent potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge and discusses the potential of PKC isozymes as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Kawano
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junichi Inokuchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jeong-Hun Kang
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Shinmachi, Kishibe, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
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Ma D, Wang P, Fang Q, Yu Z, Zhou Z, He Z, Wei D, Yu K, Lu T, Zhang Y, Wang J. Low-dose staurosporine selectively reverses BCR-ABL-independent IM resistance through PKC-α-mediated G2/M phase arrest in chronic myeloid leukaemia. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 46:S208-S216. [PMID: 30618318 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1490310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhengyu Yu
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhengchang He
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
| | - Danna Wei
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
| | - Kunling Yu
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
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