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Alam M, Ali S, Mohammad T, Hasan GM, Yadav DK, Hassan MI. B Cell Lymphoma 2: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910442. [PMID: 34638779 PMCID: PMC8509036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in the apoptosis mechanism stimulate cancer cell growth and survival. B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) is an anti-apoptotic molecule that plays a central role in apoptosis. Bcl-2 is the founding constituent of the Bcl-2 protein family of apoptosis controllers, the primary apoptosis regulators linked with cancer. Bcl-2 has been identified as being over-expressed in several cancers. Bcl-2 is induced by protein kinases and several signaling molecules which stimulate cancer development. Identifying the important function played by Bcl-2 in cancer progression and development, and treatment made it a target related to therapy for multiple cancers. Among the various strategies that have been proposed to block Bcl-2, BH3-mimetics have appeared as a novel group of compounds thanks to their favorable effects on many cancers within several clinical settings. Because of the fundamental function of Bcl-2 in the regulation of apoptosis, the Bcl-2 protein is a potent target for the development of novel anti-tumor treatments. Bcl-2 inhibitors have been used against several cancers and provide a pre-clinical platform for testing novel therapeutic drugs. Clinical trials of multiple investigational agents targeting Bcl-2 are ongoing. This review discusses the role of Bcl-2 in cancer development; it could be exploited as a potential target for developing novel therapeutic strategies to combat various types of cancers. We further highlight the therapeutic activity of Bcl-2 inhibitors and their implications for the therapeutic management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.A.); (S.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Sabeeha Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.A.); (S.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.A.); (S.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoeiro 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21924, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.K.Y.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (M.A.); (S.A.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.K.Y.); (M.I.H.)
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Lymphoma epidemiology in Korea and the real clinical field including the Consortium for Improving Survival of Lymphoma (CISL) trial. Int J Hematol 2018; 107:395-404. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Maciocia P, Badat M, Cheesman S, D'Sa S, Joshi R, Lambert J, Mohamedbhai S, Pule M, Linch D, Ardeshna K. Treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with secondary central nervous system involvement: encouraging efficacy using CNS-penetrating R-IDARAM chemotherapy. Br J Haematol 2016; 172:545-53. [PMID: 26684148 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with secondary involvement of the central nervous system (SCNS-DLBCL) is a rare condition carrying a poor prognosis. No optimal therapeutic regimen has been identified. We retrospectively analysed 23 patients with SCNS-DLBCL treated with R-IDARAM (rituximab 375 mg/m(2) IV day 1; methotrexate 12·5 mg by intrathecal injection day 1; idarubicin 10 mg/m(2) /day IV days 1 and 2; dexamethasone 100 mg/day IV infusion over 12 h days 1-3; cytosine arabinoside 1000 mg/m(2) /day IV over 1 h days 1 and 2; and methotrexate 2000 mg/m(2) IV over 2 h day 3. Ten out of 23 (44%) patients had CNS involvement at initial presentation ('new disease'), 10/23 (44%) had relapsed disease and 3/23 (13%) had primary refractory disease. 14/23 (61%) of patients responded - 6 (26%) complete response, 8 (35%) partial response. Grade 3-4 haematological toxicity was seen in all cycles, with no grade 3-4 or long-term neurological toxicity. Median follow-up for surviving patients was 49 months. At 2 years, estimated progression-free survival (PFS) was 39% and overall survival (OS) was 52%. Encouraging outcomes were reported in patients with new disease, with 5-year estimated PFS of 50% and OS 75%. R-IDARAM is a well-tolerated regimen with encouraging efficacy in patients with SCNS-DLBCL, although patients with relapsed or refractory disease continue to fare poorly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Maciocia
- Cancer Institute, Department of Haematology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mohsin Badat
- Department of Haematology, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Simon Cheesman
- Department of Pharmacy, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Shirley D'Sa
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rahul Joshi
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Lambert
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sajir Mohamedbhai
- Cancer Institute, Department of Haematology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Martin Pule
- Cancer Institute, Department of Haematology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - David Linch
- Cancer Institute, Department of Haematology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kirit Ardeshna
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
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