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Villa NY, Bais S, Chan WM, Meacham AM, Wise E, Rahman MM, Moreb JS, Rosenau EH, Wingard JR, McFadden G, Cogle CR. Ex vivo virotherapy with myxoma virus does not impair hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:465-80. [PMID: 26857235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relapsing disease is a major challenge after hematopoietic cell transplantation for hematological malignancies. Myxoma virus (MYXV) is an oncolytic virus that can target and eliminate contaminating cancer cells from auto-transplant grafts. The aims of this study were to examine the impact of MYXV on normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and define the optimal treatment conditions for ex vivo virotherapy. METHODS Bone marrow (BM) and mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (mPBSCs) from patients with hematologic malignancies were treated with MYXV at various time, temperature and incubation media conditions. Treated BM cells from healthy normal donors were evaluated using flow cytometry for MYXV infection, long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) assay and colony-forming cell (CFC) assay. RESULTS MYXV initiated infection in up to 45% of antigen-presenting monocytes, B cells and natural killer cells; however, these infections were uniformly aborted in >95% of all cells. Fresh graft sources showed higher levels of MYXV infection initiation than cryopreserved specimens, but in all cases less than 10% of CD34(+) cells could be infected after ex vivo MYXV treatment. MYXV did not impair LTC-IC colony numbers compared with mock treatment. CFC colony types and numbers were also not impaired by MYXV treatment. MYXV incubation time, temperature or culture media did not significantly change the percentage of infected cells, LTC-IC colony formation or CFC colony formation. CONCLUSIONS Human hematopoietic cells are non-permissive for MYXV. Human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells were not infected and thus unaffected by MYXV ex vivo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Y Villa
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Swarna Bais
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Winnie M Chan
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Amy M Meacham
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wise
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Masmudur M Rahman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jan S Moreb
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Emma H Rosenau
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - John R Wingard
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Grant McFadden
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher R Cogle
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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Sergiacomi G, Gaspari E, Taglieri A, Meschini A, Gisone V, Cudillo L, Arcese W, Simonetti G. 3-Tesla MR spectroscopy in patients subjected to bone marrow transplantation: clinical correlations. Radiol Med 2012; 118:101-11. [PMID: 22327923 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-012-0796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the usefulness of 3-Tesla magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve NHL patients who were candidates for BMT underwent three MR examinations of the lumbosacral spine: before ablative therapy for BMT, 15±4 days and 54±24 days after BMT. The MR study was supplemented by spectroscopic analysis. The lipid content was calculated and expressed as a percentage of lipid signal intensity relative to total signal intensity [fat fraction (FF)]. RESULTS In the first MR study, the FF was 62.5±7%, in the second it was 70.75±5% and in the third it was 75±1%. We observed a statistically significant difference between FF values calculated at the various MR studies (p=0.02) and between red blood cell count (p=0.017), platelet count (p=0.003) and haematocrit (p<0.001) at the three MR studies. FF had a statistically significant correlation with the number of circulating platelets (p<0.01) CONCLUSIONS MR spectroscopy of the bone marrow of NHL patients undergoing BMT is noninvasive and highly sensitive for characterising and monitoring bone marrow after BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sergiacomi
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Imaging Molecolare, Radiologia Interventistica e Radioterapia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Roma, Italy.
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3
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Rahman MM, Madlambayan GJ, Cogle CR, McFadden G. Oncolytic viral purging of leukemic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with Myxoma virus. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2010; 21:169-75. [PMID: 20211576 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High-dose chemotherapy and radiation followed by autologous blood and marrow transplantation (ABMT) has been used for the treatment of certain cancers that are refractory to standard therapeutic regimes. However, a major challenge with ABMT for patients with hematologic malignancies is disease relapse, mainly due to either contamination with cancerous hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) within the autograft or the persistence of residual therapy-resistant disease niches within the patient. Oncolytic viruses represent a promising therapeutic approach to prevent cancer relapse by eliminating tumor-initiating cells that contaminate the autograft. Here we summarize an ex vivo "purging" strategy with oncolytic Myxoma virus (MYXV) to remove cancer-initiating cells from patient autografts prior to transplantation. MYXV, a novel oncolytic poxvirus with potent anti-cancer properties in a variety of in vivo tumor models, can specifically eliminate cancerous stem and progenitor cells from samples obtained from acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients, while sparing normal CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells capable of rescuing hematopoiesis following high dose conditioning. We propose that a broader subset of patients with intractable hematologic malignancies who have failed standard therapy could become eligible for ABMT when the treatment schema is coupled with ex vivo oncolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masmudur M Rahman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Gorin NC, Labopin M, Laporte JP, Douay L, Lopez M, Lesage S, Fouillard L, Isnard F, Jouet JP, Bellal N, Perot C, Van Den Akker J, Bauters F, Najman A. Importance of marrow dose on posttransplant outcome in acute leukemia: models derived from patients autografted with mafosfamide-purged marrow at a single institution. Exp Hematol 1999; 27:1822-30. [PMID: 10641600 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(99)00121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several prospective randomized trials in acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) documented a lower relapse rate with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) than with conventional chemotherapy. However, they also identified some transplant difficulties, such as failure to collect sufficient numbers of stem cells, slow kinetics of engraftment, and a high transplant-related mortality that diminished or negated positive impact on overall survival. Data for ABMT are inconclusive in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in adults. We retrospectively analyzed patients with acute leukemia autografted with marrow purged with mafosfamide after January 1983 in our institution. The population comprised 229 consecutive patients; 165 with AML [123 in first remission (CR1), 32 in second remission (CR2)]; 61 with ALL (46 in CR1, 4 in CR2); and 3 with undifferentiated acute leukemia. All patients were autografted with marrow purged with mafosfamide. Mafosfamide was given at a constant dose of 50 microg/mL in 103 and adjusted individually to produce a CFU-GM LD 95 (5% residual CFU-GM post purging) in 126. The outcome was analyzed for correlation with patient characteristics, the disease including cytogenetics, and the graft itself. Prognostic factors identified by multivariate analysis were used to derive a prognostic classification. Patients receiving higher doses of marrow submitted to purging (>5.46 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg) experienced a lower treatment-related mortality (RR = 0.11, p = 0.005) and a higher leukemia-free (RR = 0.5, p = 0.005) and overall survival (RR = 0.4, p = 0.001). Patients receiving <0.004% CFU-GM of marrow actually infused post purging had a lower relapse rate (RR = 0.51, p = 0.003). Modeling of prognostic groups identified good-, intermediate-, and poor-risk categories. Patients receiving a stem cell dose evaluated before purging of >5.46 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg and doses actually infused post purging of < or =0.02 x 10(4)/kg had a treatment-related mortality of only 2+/-2%, a leukemia-free survival of 70%, and an overall survival of 77+/-7% at 10 years. In this study of autotransplantation for acute leukemia using mafosfamide-purged marrow, the stem cell dose used for purging and the intensity of purging were the most important factors predicting outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Gorin
- Department of Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Antoine AP-HP, Centre de Recherche Claude-Bernard, Université Paris VI et Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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5
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Grebenová D, Cajthamlová H, Bartosová J, Marinov J, Klamová H, Fuchs O, Hrkal Z. Selective destruction of leukaemic cells by photo-activation of 5-aminolaevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin-IX. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1998; 47:74-81. [PMID: 10052155 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(98)00206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of 5-aminolaevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on the viability and proliferation of leukaemia/lymphoma cells as well as normal human lymphocytes has been investigated by flow cytometry-propidium iodide assay (FC-PI), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and on clonogenic activity of normal human bone marrow progenitor cells by clonogenic methods. ALA-PDT (1 mM 5-ALA, 4 h, 18 J cm-2) reduces the number and/or suppressed proliferation of leukaemic cells of promyelocytic (HL60), B-cell-derived (DAUDI) and T-cell-derived (JURKAT) cell lines by 2 logs and that of the HEL erythroleukaemia cells by 77%. The effect of ALA-PDT on quiescent human lymphocytes is small (85% viable cells after ALA-PDT). The proliferation of lymphocytes subjected to ALA-PDT and induced with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) decreases by 75% as compared to the untreated control. For normal human bone marrow progenitors, 58% of colony-forming units-granulocytes-macrophages (CFU-GM) and 55% burst-forming units-erythrocytes (BFU-E) activities are preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grebenová
- Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
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Canals C, Torrico C, Picón M, Amill B, Cancelas JA, Fraga G, Badell I, Cubells J, Olivé T, Ortega J, Vivancos P, García J. Immunomagnetic bone marrow purging in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. JOURNAL OF HEMATOTHERAPY 1997; 6:261-8. [PMID: 9234181 DOI: 10.1089/scd.1.1997.6.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) offers a therapeutic alternative for children with poor prognosis acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who lack an HLA-matched sibling donor. The most common cause of treatment failure after ABMT in these patients is leukemia relapse. We have developed an ex vivo autologous marrow purging program for children with ALL using an immunomagnetic method. BM purging has been performed in 37 children with ALL (31 B-lineage ALL and 6 T-lineage ALL) following an indirect method, using panels of mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against B or T cell antigens, Dynabeads M-450 (Dynal) coated with sheep antimouse (SAM) antibodies, and the MaxSep Magnetic Cell Separator (Baxter). Purging efficiency has been assessed by flow cytometry. Considering the limit of detection of target cells 0.1%, the median depletion was 2.0 log (range 0.8- > 2.8 log) for the B-lineage ALL and 2.7 (range 2.2- > 2, 9 log) for the T-lineage ALL patients. Twenty-seven patients have been autografted (6 in first complete remission, CR, 13 in second CR, and 8 in third or subsequent CR). Engraftment has been satisfactory in all of them, reaching levels of 500 neutrophils/mm3 and 20,000 platelets/mm3 after a median of 17 (range 12-39) and 30 (range 13-96) days post-ABMT, respectively. In summary, our results show that this immunomagnetic procedure achieves high levels of target cell depletion and can be safely applied to bone marrow purging in childhood ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Canals
- Institut de Recerca Oncològica, Hospital Durán i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
With the increasing knowledge of the mechanisms of immune-mediated cytotoxicity, immunotherapeutic strategies are rapidly being incorporated into chemotherapy treatment schemes for acute and chronic leukemias. This includes the use of mAbs, immunotoxins, tumor-specific T cells, and, most recently, vaccines. Much of the new information is derived from bone marrow transplant data, where immune enhancement from IL-2 and donor T-cell infusions are being studied. Trials using humanized mAbs that permit prolonged and repeated dosing will allow better evaluation of the effectiveness of mAb therapy. More sophisticated molecular tests have been developed, allowing the detection of minimal residual disease to a greater degree. It is likely that biological and immunological therapy of leukemia will have its greatest impact here.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Caron
- Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
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8
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Weber-Nordt RM, Schott E, Finke J, Henschler R, Schulz G, Mertelsmann R. Umbilical cord blood: an alternative to the transplantation of bone marrow stem cells. Cancer Treat Rev 1996; 22:381-91. [PMID: 9118123 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-7372(96)90010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent in vitro analyses of human UCB have demonstrated the potential of UCB as a source for haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell harvest. Clinical data have further indicated that UCB can be given in vivo to fully and partially HLA-matched siblings or non-familial recipients for marrow reconstitution in genetic disorders as well as malignancies. In comparison to adult peripheral blood, UCB displayed decreased immune responses to alloantigens and was enriched in the numbers of CD34+ progenitor cells with high proliferative and long-term marrow reconstituting potential. Cord blood banks now store large transplantable resources of UCB that are analysed with respect to immunological parameters. Cryopreserved UCB cells may fill the gap in finding a stem-cell transplant for patients who lack a matched related or unrelated donor when a bone marrow transplant is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Weber-Nordt
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Germany
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Schick F, Einsele H, Weiss B, Jung WI, Lutz O, Claussen CD. Characterization of bone marrow after transplantation by means of magnetic resonance. Ann Hematol 1995; 70:3-13. [PMID: 7827203 DOI: 10.1007/bf01715375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) has become a new tool for noninvasive characterization of bone marrow in patients with hematological disorders in the past few years. Experiences gained from 1H MR imaging and spectroscopic investigations in 48 healthy volunteers and more than 130 patients with hematological disorders are reported and interpreted. Twenty-four of the patients underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) before the MR examinations. The findings in these studies provided noninvasive characterization and monitoring of vertebral marrow after BMT. Specifically, MR techniques were found to be suitable for studies of different aspects in physiological and pathological alterations of bone marrow: The water content within the marrow can be analyzed by chemical-shift selective-imaging techniques with good spatial resolution. Spectroscopic methods also allow more sensitive quantification of the signal fractions, as well as separate evaluation of the relaxation times of water and lipids. Relaxometry might be useful to characterize the cellular and extracellular portions of water molecules. Furthermore, the distribution of the magnetic field within small-volume elements of vertebral marrow can be measured. The field distribution is influenced by the trabecular density and the composition of the marrow. High amounts of hemosiderin in the marrow result in clearly broadened field distributions, demonstrated by increasing line widths in MR proton spectra. Magnetic resonance techniques can be used to assess not only the cellularity of the bone marrow, but also metabolic alterations in this compartment which result from cytotoxic treatment or immunological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schick
- Institute of Physics, University of Tübingen, Germany
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