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Abedi E, Karimi M, Yaghobi R, Mohammadi H, Haghpanah S, Moghadam M, Bayat E, Rezvani A, Ramzi M. Oncogenic and tumor suppressor genes expression in myeloproliferative neoplasms: The hidden side of a complex pathology. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24289. [PMID: 35176183 PMCID: PMC8993601 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to explore the changes in the expressions of six tumor‐related genes in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The study population included 130 patients with MPNs (52 with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 49 with essential thrombocythemia (ET), 20 with polycythemia vera (PV), and 9 with primary myelofibrosis (PMF)) and 51 healthy individuals. Methods The expression profiling of six genes (ADAMTS18, CMTM5, CDKN2B, DCC, FHIT, and WNT5B) in the peripheral blood granulocyte cells was explored by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results The patients with MPNs showed significant downregulation of CMTM5 (EFC = 0.66) and DCC (EFC = 0.65) genes in contrast to a non‐significant upregulation of ADAMTS18, CDKN2B, FHIT, and WNT5B genes. Downregulation of DCC was consistent in all subtypes of MPN (EFC range: 0.591–0.860). However, CMTM5 had a 1.22‐fold upregulation in PMF in contrast to downregulation in other MPN subtypes (EFC range: 0.599–0.775). The results revealed a significant downregulation in CMTM5 and DCC at below 60‐years of age. Furthermore, female patients showed a clear‐cut downregulation in both CMTM5 and DCC (EFC DCC: 0.436 and CMTM5: 0.570), while male patients presented a less prominent downregulation with a borderline p‐value only in DCC (EFC: 0.69; p = 0.05). Conclusions Chronic myeloid leukemia cases showed a significant upregulation of WNT5B, as a known oncogenesis gene. Two tumor suppressor genes, namely DCC and CMTM5, were downregulated in the patients with MPNs, especially in females and patients below 60 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abedi
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Karimi
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Mohammadi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sezaneh Haghpanah
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Moghadam
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elahe Bayat
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezvani
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mani Ramzi
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Nagoshi H, Taki T, Chinen Y, Tatekawa S, Tsukamoto T, Maegawa S, Yamamoto-Sugitani M, Tsutsumi Y, Kobayashi T, Matsumoto Y, Horiike S, Okuno Y, Fujiwara S, Hata H, Kuroda J, Taniwaki M. Transcriptional dysregulation of the deleted in colorectal carcinoma gene in multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 54:788-95. [PMID: 26390996 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC) gene at 18q21 encodes a netrin-1 receptor, a tumor suppressor that prevents cell growth. While allele loss or decreased expression of DCC has been associated with the progression of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, including leukemias and malignant lymphomas, its involvement has not been evaluated in multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell malignancy characterized by complex and heterogenous molecular abnormalities. We here show that 10 of 11 human myeloma-derived cell lines (HMCLs) expressed non-translated aberrant DCC transcriptional variants, in which exon 2 fuses with intron 1 instead of exon 1 (mt.DCC). Among them, two co-expressed wild type transcripts (wt.DCC), while eight co-expressed the splicing variant (sv.DCC) lacking exon 1. The remaining HMCL expressed only sv.DCC. In addition, analyses revealed that there were two types of mt.DCC that differed in their fusion of intron 1 with exon 2. In patient-derived samples from 30 MM and 8 monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) patients, wt.DCC was expressed in 53% of MM, but not in MGUS, while 23% of MM and 75% of MGUS expressed only sv.DCC. Considering that 25% of MGUS, 57% of MM, and 91% HMCLs expressed mt.DCC, our results suggest that the acquisition of mt.DCC might be a secondary genetic change in plasma cell dyscrasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Nagoshi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Taki
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Chinen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shotaro Tatekawa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Taku Tsukamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Saori Maegawa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mio Yamamoto-Sugitani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tsutsumi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kobayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsumoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shigeo Horiike
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yutaka Okuno
- Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hata
- Division of Informative Clinical Science, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masafumi Taniwaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
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Bernet A, Fitamant J. Netrin-1 and its receptors in tumour growth promotion. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:995-1007. [PMID: 18620521 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.8.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Netrin-1 belongs to a family of secreted proteins that act as migration and adhesion cues in the developing CNS and in a number of non-neural tissues. Netrin-1 is the ligand of deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and the uncoordinated family member 5 (UNC5) orthologues of the dependence receptor family. Over the past ten years, a novel mechanism has emerged, that a receptor unoccupied by its ligand is not necessarily inactive. Rather, such a receptor can mediate two signalling pathways, depending on whether it is bound to its ligand or not. In the absence of ligand, an active signalling pathway results in cell death through apoptosis. OBJECTIVE Coupled netrin-1 receptors have been shown to regulate diverse processes such as maintenance, integrity, migration and renewal of many tissues. We propose that netrin-1 receptors can regulate tumour development. METHODS We review the properties of netrin-1 and present netrin-1 receptors as regulators of tumourigenesis. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Netrin-1 and its receptors are unexplored critical targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Bernet
- Université de Lyon, Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory, Equipe labellisée La Ligue, CNRS UMR5238, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France.
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Mehlen P, Fearon ER. Role of the dependence receptor DCC in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22:3420-8. [PMID: 15310786 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
More than a decade ago, the DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) gene was proposed as a putative tumor suppressor gene. Data supporting this proposal included observations that one DCC allele was deleted in roughly 70% of colorectal cancers, some cancers had somatic mutations of the DCC gene, and DCC expression was often reduced or absent in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines. Despite subsequent studies which have supported DCC's potential role as a tumor suppressor gene, the rarity of point mutations identified in DCC coding sequences, the lack of a tumor predisposition phenotype in mice heterozygous for DCC inactivating mutations, and the presence of other known and candidate tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 18q have raised questions about DCC's candidacy. Following its initial characterization, the DCC protein was identified as a transmembrane receptor for netrins, key factors in axon guidance in the developing nervous system. At first glance, the established role of DCC and netrin-1 during organization of the spinal cord could be viewed as a further challenge to the position that DCC inactivation might play a significant role in tumorigenesis. However, recent observations on DCC's functions in intracellular signaling have renewed interest in the potential contribution of DCC inactivation to cancer. In particular, data indicate that, when engaged by netrin ligands, DCC may activate downstream signaling pathways. Moreover, in settings where netrin is absent or at low levels, DCC can promote apoptosis. Here, we review DCC's candidacy as a tumor suppressor gene, with an emphasis on how recent molecular analyses of DCC have offered support for the notion that DCC may function as a tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis/Differentiation Laboratory Equipe labelisée La Ligue Molecular and Cellular Genetic Center, CNRS UMR 5534, University of Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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Nakamura K, Inokuchi K, Dan K. [Abnormalities of the p53, N-ras, DCC and FLT-3 genes in myelodysplastic syndromes]. J NIPPON MED SCH 2001; 68:143-8. [PMID: 11301359 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.68.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis is a multistep process that is characterized by both activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. In the present study, mutations of N-ras, p53 and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT-3) genes and loss of expression of the deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC) gene were analyzed in 59 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Mutations of N-ras, p53, and FLT-3 genes were detected in 7, 7, 1 of the 59 patients with MDS, respectively. Loss of DCC expression was detected in 16 patients. Type of MDS patients with N-ras mutation were all refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB-T). Abnormalities of p53 and DCC genes were significantly associated with survival time (p< 0.02, p< 0.004, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakamura
- Department of 3rd Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
The French-American-British classification of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has contributed greatly to better communication and conduct of clinical trials. However, the advent of novel cytogenetic, immunological and molecular techniques in recent years warrant some alterations to this purely morphological classification. This review aims at highlighting the advances which reflect more closely the unique biological and clinical features of various subtypes of MDS. We propose a comprehensive classification of MDS, to include the newly defined categories, as well as those not included in previous classifications, such as the therapy-induced and hereditary MDS. We hope that this classification will help in focusing attention on the biological features of MDS, the understanding of which will be crucial to combat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mijović
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Nakamaki T, Bartram C, Seriu T, Kahan J, Fukuchi K, Tsuruoka N, Janssen JW, Miller CW, Koeffler HP. Molecular analysis of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes, p15, p16, p18 and p19 in the myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res 1997; 21:235-40. [PMID: 9111168 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(96)00115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal blood disorders characterized by dyshematopoiesis with a frequent evolution to acute leukemia. Chromosomal deletions rather than translocations are the predominant karyotypic abnormalities in MDS, suggesting a recessive mechanism in the pathogenesis of MDS, such as inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. A group of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p15 (INK4B), p16 (INK4A), p18 (INK4C) and p19 (INK4D), are candidate tumor suppressor genes. To determine whether genetic alterations of these genes play an important role in the development and/or progression of MDS, we examined 46 samples from MDS patients by Southern blotting, single-strand-conformation polymorphism (SSCP) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of DNA. These samples included 13 refractory anemias (RA), four refractory anemias with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), 16 refractory anemias with an excess of blasts (RAEB), eight refractory anemias with an excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB-T) and five chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL) samples. Except for allelic polymorphisms or silent point mutations, no alterations of coding regions of these four CDKI genes were identified. In summary, genetic abnormalities of the p15, p16, p18 and p19 genes are rare events in the development and/or progression of MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakamaki
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90048, U.S.A
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Shibata D, Reale MA, Lavin P, Silverman M, Fearon ER, Steele G, Jessup JM, Loda M, Summerhayes IC. The DCC protein and prognosis in colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 1996; 335:1727-32. [PMID: 8929264 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199612053352303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allelic loss of chromosome 18q predicts a poor outcome in patients with stage II colorectal cancer. Although the specific gene inactivated by this allelic loss has not been elucidated, the DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) gene is a candidate. We investigated whether the expression of the DCC protein in tumor cells is a prognostic marker in colorectal carcinoma. METHODS The expression of DCC was evaluated immunohistochemically in 132 paraffin-embedded samples from patients with curatively resected stage II and III colorectal carcinomas. The Cox proportional-hazards model was used to adjust for covariates including age, sex, tumor site, degree of tumor differentiation, and use of adjuvant therapy. RESULTS The expression of DCC was a strong positive predictive factor for survival in both stage II and stage III colorectal carcinomas. In patients with stage II disease whose tumors expressed DCC, the five-year survival rate was 94.3 percent, whereas in patients with DCC-negative tumors, the survival rate was 61.6 percent (P<0.001). In patients with stage III disease, the respective survival rates were 59.3 percent and 33.2 percent (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS DCC is a prognostic marker in patients with stage II or stage III colorectal cancer. In stage II colorectal carcinomas, the absence of DCC identifies a subgroup of patients with lesions that behave like stage III cancers. These findings may thus have therapeutic implications in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Shibata
- Department of Surgery, New England Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Inokuchi K, Miyake K, Takahashi H, Dan K, Nomura T. DCC protein expression in hematopoietic cell populations and its relation to leukemogenesis. J Clin Invest 1996; 97:852-7. [PMID: 8609244 PMCID: PMC507125 DOI: 10.1172/jci118486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Using flow cytometry and immunoprecipitation (IP), we have investigated the deleted in colon cancer (DCC) protein expression on the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) cells of 16 normal subjects, 17 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients, and 10 acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients. With regard to the BM mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) of normal subjects, the DCC protein expression ranged from 6.6 to 57.0%. Two-color flow cytometry revealed that among the IBM-MNCs the DCC protein was clearly expressed on the CD14+, CD13+, and factor 8+ cells, whereas it was low on the CD19+ and CD7+ cells and did not express on the CD34+, CD8+, and the glycophorin A+ cells. Further, the DCC protein expression was not seen on the PB CD11b+ and CD13+ cells. The IP results revealed that the 180-kD DCC protein was detected on the MNCs of both the BM and PB cells by the antibodies AF5, specific for the DCC extracellular domain, and G97-449, specific for the cytoplasmic domain. In contrast, flow cytometry did not detect the DCC protein on any BM-MNC MDS lineages (0.1-1.5%) or on AML leukemic cells (0.1-0.9%). The IP results indicated that the AF5 antibody did not detect the DCC protein on BM-MNCs of three of five MDS patients and four of five AML patients; however, the G97-449 antibody detected the 180-kD DCC protein in two MDS patients in whom AF5 had detected greatly reduced DCC band. These findings suggest that the DCC protein presence appears to be associated with normal hematopoiesis, and that its absence on the surfaces of the BM-MNCs and AML cells may contribute to the MDS and AML pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Inokuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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