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Wang L, Hu J, Sun Y, Huang H, Chen J, Li J, Ma J, Li J, Liang Y, Wang J, Li Y, Yu K, Hu J, Jin J, Wang C, Wu D, Xiao Y, Huang X. Does High-Dose Cytarabine Cause More Fungal Infection in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Undergoing Consolidation Therapy: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study in China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2560. [PMID: 26825897 PMCID: PMC5291567 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infection (IFI) remains as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Here, we report the subgroup analysis of China Assessment of Antifungal Therapy in Haematological Disease (CAESAR) study to evaluate the risk of IFI in patients with AML in 1st remission receiving high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC) as consolidation. A total of 638 patients with AML in 1st complete remission were selected from the database. Among them, 130 patients received HiDAC alone with total dose of 2-3 g/m(2) × 6 while 508 patients received multiple-agent combination chemotherapy (multiagent chemo group). The patients' characteristics were generally not different but more patients in HiDAC group had peripherally inserted central catheter (61.5% vs 44.5%, P = 0.002). The median duration of neutropenia was 8.0 days in both HiDAC (2-20) and multiagent chemo group (2-28). Number of patients with prolonged neutropenia (>14 days) tended to be more in multiagent chemo group but not significant different (16.3% vs 8.8%, respectively). There was no significant difference between 2 groups in persistent neutropenic fever (40.8% vs 33.1%), antifungal treatment (11.5% vs 11.4%), and incidence of proven/probable IFI (4 probable in HiDAC vs 1 proven/4 probable in multiagent chemo, P = 0.35) or possible IFI. As to the clinical outcome in terms of duration of hospitalization and death in remission, there was a trend of shorter duration of hospitalization in HiDAC (19 days, 3-70) compare to multiagent chemo group (21 days, 1-367, P = 0.057) while no death documented in HiDAC group and only 2 patients died in the multiagent chemo group (0.4%). As to risk factors associated with IFI in all 638 patients, there was a trend of more IFI in patients with severe neutropenia (3.0%, P = 0.089) and previous history of IFI (3.85%, P = 0.086) while the antifungal prophylaxis was not associated significantly reduced IFI. Overall, our data support the perception that HiDAC alone as consolidation in first remission AML patients was well tolerated and not associated with increased hematological toxicity and IFI than conventional combination chemotherapy. Antifungal prophylaxis may not necessary except for patients with previous history of IFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- From the Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai (LW, JH); Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University, People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing (YS, XH); The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (HH, JJ); Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai (JC); Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing (JL); Harbin Hematologic Tumor Institution, Harbin (JM); The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou (JL); Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an (YL); Changhai Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai (JW); The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang (YL); The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou (KY); Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou (JH); The First People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai (CW); The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou (DW); and The General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (YX)
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Fleischhacker M, Schulz S, Jöhrens K, von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Held T, Fietze E, Schewe C, Petersen I, Ruhnke M. Diagnosis of chronic disseminated candidosis from liver biopsies by a novel PCR in patients with haematological malignancies. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:1010-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03713.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hernández Marqués C, Lassaletta-Atienza A, González-Vicent M, Sevilla J, Molina B, Andión M, Cormenzana M, Pérez Martínez A, Díaz M, Madero L. Candidiasis hepatoesplénica en pacientes hemato-oncológicos pediátricos. An Pediatr (Barc) 2011; 75:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2011.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Hayes-Lattin B, Maziarz RT. Update in the Epidemiology, Prophylaxis, and Treatment of Fungal Infections in Patients with Hematologic Disorders. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 45:669-80. [PMID: 15160938 DOI: 10.1080/10428190310001625719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections contribute to the morbidity and mortality of immunosuppressed patients treated for hematologic malignancy and those undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation. After years of limited advances, the management of fungal infections in these patients is now rapidly evolving. In this update, we will outline changes in the epidemiology of invasive fungal infections, discuss current issues in diagnosis and susceptibility testing, and review the current classes of antifungal drugs, focusing on newly licensed therapies. Data on antifungal prophylaxis, empiric therapy, and treatment of documented invasive fungal infections including single agents and combinations with newly licensed agents will be reviewed with emphasis on their impact on patients with hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Hayes-Lattin
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, OHSU Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA.
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Sung L, Lange BJ, Gerbing RB, Alonzo TA, Feusner J. Microbiologically documented infections and infection-related mortality in children with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2007; 110:3532-9. [PMID: 17660380 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-05-091942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary objective was to describe the prevalence and characteristics of microbiologically defined infections and infection-related mortality (IRM) in 492 children with acute myeloid leukemia enrolled on CCG 2961. Secondary objectives were to determine the relationship between demographic, disease-related, and therapeutic variables, and infections and IRM. Institutions documented infections prospectively. Age, ethnicity, body mass index, leukemia karyotype, treatment, and institutional size were examined for association with infection outcomes. More than 60% of children experienced such infections in each of 3 phases of chemotherapy. There were 58 infectious deaths; cumulative incidence of IRM was 11% plus or minus 2%. Thirty-one percent of infectious deaths were associated with Aspergillus, 25.9% with Candida, and 15.5% with alpha hemolytic streptococci. Age older than 16 years (hazard ratio [HR], 3.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.87-5.89; P < .001), nonwhite ethnicity (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.10-3.09; P = .02), and underweight status (HR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.51-6.22; P = .002) were associated with IRM, while size of the treating institution was not. Thus, age, ethnicity, and BMI were important contributors to IRM. Fungi and Gram-positive cocci were the most common organisms associated with IRM and, in particular, Aspergillus species was the largest contributor to infectious deaths.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aspergillosis/mortality
- Candidiasis/mortality
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic
- Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
- Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic
- Female
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Infections/etiology
- Infections/microbiology
- Infections/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/microbiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Male
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Recurrence
- Risk Factors
- Streptococcal Infections/mortality
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Sung
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Chen CY, Chen YC, Tang JL, Yao M, Huang SY, Tsai W, Chen YC, Shen MC, Wang CH, Tien HF. Hepatosplenic fungal infection in patients with acute leukemia in Taiwan: incidence, treatment, and prognosis. Ann Hematol 2003; 82:93-97. [PMID: 12601487 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-002-0588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2002] [Accepted: 11/04/2002] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nosocomial fungal infection increases gradually and has become the leading pathogen at National Taiwan University Hospital since 1993. From January 1995 through May 2002, hepatosplenic fungal infection (HSF) was diagnosed in 37 (7.4%) of the 500 adult patients with acute leukemia who received chemotherapy at this hospital. There was no significant difference in the incidence of HSF between the patients with acute myeloid leukemia and those with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or between the patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy and those with conventional or low-dose chemotherapy. Candida tropicalis was the leading pathogen, followed by Candida albicans. The computed tomography scan showed multiple hypodense lesions in the liver (89%), spleen (70%), and kidney (27%). Eighteen patients were initially treated with fluconazole and 19 with amphotericin B. Nineteen patients received the planned chemotherapy after the diagnosis of HSF. Among them, eight patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and seven patients survived more than 100 days post-transplantation; none of these patients had relapse of prior HSF. Twenty-three patients (62%) died during a median follow up of 10 months, but only seven died due to HSF. In conclusion, a substantial percentage of patients with acute leukemia acquired HSF after chemotherapy and carried high mortality. However, HSF itself is not a contraindication for subsequent chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J-L Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-Y Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M-C Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-H Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-F Tien
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Segal BH, Bow EJ, Menichetti F. Fungal infections in nontransplant patients with hematologic malignancies. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2002; 16:935-64, vii. [PMID: 12512188 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5520(02)00043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematologic malignancies. Candida and Aspergillus species are the most important opportunistic fungal pathogens in this patient population. Dimorphic fungi can cause serious infection in immunocompetent persons, but infection is more likely to be disseminated in patients with compromised cell-mediated immunity. Cryptococcus neoformans and Pneumosystis carinii typically cause infections in persons with severe T-cell suppression. The frequency of rare pathogenic fungi commonly resistant to amphotericin B has significantly increased over the past 20 years among patients with hematologic malignancies. Examples of such emerging pathogens include Trichosporon, Fusarium, and Scedosporium species, and dark-walled molds. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of the major fungal pathogens in nontransplant patients with hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahm H Segal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, SUNY at Buffalo, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Sallah S, Wan JY, Nguyen NP, Vos P, Sigounas G. Analysis of factors related to the occurrence of chronic disseminated candidiasis in patients with acute leukemia in a non-bone marrow transplant setting: a follow-up study. Cancer 2001; 92:1349-53. [PMID: 11745210 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20010915)92:6<1349::aid-cncr1457>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic disseminated candidiasis (CDC) is a serious complication of treatment in patients with acute leukemia. Although some general risk factors are known to predispose to systemic fungal infections, few studies have addressed the relevance of certain clinical and laboratory features in patients with CDC. PATIENTS AND METHODS To define a subset of patients at high risk for CDC, the authors evaluated the demographics and clinical and laboratory characteristics of 423 patients with acute leukemia. Patients who had bone marrow transplant before the diagnosis of CDC were excluded from the analysis. The diagnosis of CDC was based on blood cultures, liver biopsy, and imaging studies. The authors conducted 2 separate regression analyses on 3 subsets of patients: patients without documented candidiasis (n = 374), patients with CDC (n = 23), and patients with candidemia (n = 26). RESULTS According to multivariate analysis, younger age (P = 0.009; odds ratio [OR], 1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72-2.99), duration of neutropenia of 15 days or longer (P = 0.0003; OR, 11.7; 95% CI, 3.04-45.1), and use of prophylactic quinolone antibiotics (P = 0.039; OR, 3.85; 95% CI, 1.11-13.4) emerged as independent factors related to the development of CDC in patients with acute leukemia. The presence of severe mucositis, colonization with Candida, and administration of high-dose ara-C were statistically significant parameters in univariate analysis only (P = 0.0001, P = 0.003, and P = 0.058, respectively). CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the results of this investigation, it is possible to define a subset of patients with acute leukemia at very high risk for CDC. Because of the morbidity and mortality of this infection, a targeted prophylactic approach may be more effective and less costly than the random administration of antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sallah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 38103, USA.
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Kontoyiannis DP, Luna MA, Samuels BI, Bodey GP. Hepatosplenic candidiasis. A manifestation of chronic disseminated candidiasis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2000; 14:721-39. [PMID: 10987117 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Much progress has been made over the last decade in diagnosing and treating CDC, a chronic and debilitating infection that interferes with the delivery of intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with leukemia. The use of fluconazole prophylaxis in these patients has decreased the incidence of CDC dramatically. The greatest future challenges are gaining a better understanding of its pathophysiology, and the continued development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to treat this unusual manifestation of systemic candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Kontoyiannis
- Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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