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Huang W, Ma Y, Tottori N, Yamanishi Y. Enhancing suspended cell transfection by inducing localized distribution of the membrane actin cortex before exposure to electromechanical stimulation. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:1417-1430. [PMID: 37656264 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During physical transfection, an electrical field or mechanical force is used to induce cell transfection. We tested if the disruption of a dense actin layer underneath the membrane of a suspended cell enhances cell transfection. RESULTS A bubble generator was used to electromechanically stimulate suspended cells. To clarify the influence of the actin layer (the actin cortex) on cell transfection efficiency, we used an actin polymerization inhibitor (cytochalasin D) to disrupt the actin cortex before electromechanical stimulation. Without cytochalasin D treatment, signals from the overall actin cortex decreased after electromechanical stimulation. With cytochalasin D treatment, there was localized F-actin aggregation under static conditions. After electromechanical stimulation, there was a partial loss (localized disruption), but no overall disruption, of the actin cortex. With the pretreatment with cytochalasin D, the transfection efficiency of plasmids (4.7, 8.3, or 11 kbp) into NIH/3T3 or UMR-106 cells increased significantly after exposure to electromechanical stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Localized distribution of the actin cortex before exposure to electromechanical stimulation is crucial for inducing a partial loss of the cortex, which improves transfection efficiency and large plasmid delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Information and control systems course, Kindai University technical college, 7-1, Kasugaoka, Nabari City, Mie Prefecture, 518-0459, Japan
| | - Yibo Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naotomo Tottori
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamanishi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Qiu Y, Chow MYT, Liang W, Chung WWY, Mak JCW, Lam JKW. From Pulmonary Surfactant, Synthetic KL4 Peptide as Effective siRNA Delivery Vector for Pulmonary Delivery. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4606-4617. [PMID: 29121767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) has huge potential for the treatment of a wide range of respiratory diseases. The ability of naked siRNA to transfect cells in the lungs without a delivery vector has prompted the investigation of whether an endogenous component is at least partially responsible for the cellular uptake of siRNA, and whether a safe and efficient delivery system could be developed from this component to further improve the transfection efficiency. Surfactant protein B (SP-B), a positively charged protein molecule found in lung surfactant, is one of the possible candidates. While the role of SP-B in siRNA transfection remains to be determined, the SP-B mimic, synthetic KL4 peptide, was investigated in this study as a potential siRNA carrier. KL4 is a 21-residue cationic peptide that was able to bind to siRNA to form nanosized complexes. It mediated siRNA transfection effectively in vitro on human lung epithelial cells, A549 cells, and BEAS-2B cells, which was comparable to Lipofectamine 2000. When commercial pulmonary surfactant (Infasurf) was added in the transfection medium, the gene silencing effect of siRNA in cells transfected with Lipofectamine 2000 was completely abolished, whereas those transfected with KL4 remained unaffected. At 4 °C, KL4 failed to deliver siRNA into the cells, indicating that an energy-dependent process was involved in the uptake of the complexes. Chlorpromazine (inhibitor of chathrin-mediated endocytosis), but not nystatin (inhibitor of caveolae-mediated endocytosis), inhibited the uptake of KL4/siRNA complexes, suggesting that they entered cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. There was no sign of cytotoxicity or immune response caused by KL4 and KL4/siRNA complexes. Overall, this study demonstrated that synthetic KL4 peptide is a promising candidate for siRNA carrier for pulmonary delivery and could be a potential platform for delivering other types of nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshan Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Michael Y T Chow
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wanling Liang
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie W Y Chung
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Judith C W Mak
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jenny K W Lam
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Insight into the relationship between the cell culture model, cell trafficking and siRNA silencing efficiency. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:260-5. [PMID: 27349867 PMCID: PMC4948577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite research efforts, cell uptake processes determining siRNA silencing efficiency remain unclear. Here, we examine the relationship between in vitro cell culture models, cellular trafficking and siRNA silencing efficiency to provide a mechanistic insight on siRNA delivery system design. Model siRNA-polyplexes, based on chitosan as a ‘classical’ condensing agent, were applied to a panel of lung epithelial cell lines, H1299, A549 and Calu-3 and cell internalization levels, trafficking pathways and gene silencing assessed on exposure to pharmacological inhibitors. The data reveal striking differences in the internalization behaviour and gene silencing efficiency in the tested cell lines, despite their common lung epithelial origins. The model system’s silencing was lower where clathrin internalization pathway predominated in Calu-3, relative to silencing in H1299 cells where a non-clathrin internalization appears dominant. Increased silencing on endosomal disruption was apparent in Calu-3 cells, but absent when cellular internalization was not predominantly clathrin-mediated in A549 cells. This highlights that identifying cell trafficking pathways before incorporation of functional components to siRNA delivery systems (e.g. endosomolytic compounds) is crucial. The study hence stresses the importance of selection of appropriate cell culture model, relevant to in vivo target, to assess the gene silencing efficiency and decide which functionalities the ‘stratified siRNA silencing vector’ requires. Relationship between cell type, uptake path and silencing examined to inform siRNA vector design. Notable differences observed in cell uptake pathways and silencing despite cells’ common origin. Addition of endosomolytic functionality shows no effect when non-clathrin pathways dominate. Cell model important to assess silencing and decide which functionalities siRNA vector requires.
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4
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Swierczewski R, Hedley J, Redfern CPF. High-resolution micromechanical measurement in real time of forces exerted by living cells. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 10:322-30. [PMID: 26645140 PMCID: PMC4951163 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1120398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare uniaxial traction forces exerted by different cell types using a novel sensor design and to test the dependence of measured forces on cytoskeletal integrity. The sensor design detects forces generated between 2 contact points by cells spanning a gap. The magnitude of these forces varied according to cell type and were dependent on cytoskeletal integrity. The response time for drug-induced cytoskeletal disruption also varied between cell types: dermal fibroblasts exerted the greatest forces and had the slowest drug response times; EBV-transformed epithelial cells also had slow cytoskeletal depolymerisation times but exerted the lowest forces overall. Conversely, lung epithelial tumor cells exerted low forces but had the fastest depolymerisation drug response. These results provide proof of principle for a new design of force-measurement sensor based on optical interferometry, an approach that can be used to study cytoskeletal dynamics in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Swierczewski
- a School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , United Kingdom.,b Northern Institute for Cancer Research , Newcastle upon Tyne , United Kingdom
| | - John Hedley
- a School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , United Kingdom
| | - Chris P F Redfern
- b Northern Institute for Cancer Research , Newcastle upon Tyne , United Kingdom
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Cavallaro G, Licciardi M, Amato G, Sardo C, Giammona G, Farra R, Dapas B, Grassi M, Grassi G. Synthesis and characterization of polyaspartamide copolymers obtained by ATRP for nucleic acid delivery. Int J Pharm 2014; 466:246-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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6
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Wang YT, Qin YJ, Zhang YL, Li YJ, Rao B, Zhang YQ, Yang MR, Jiang AQ, Qi JL, Zhu HL. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of novel chalcone oxime derivatives as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03803g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds of novel chalcone oxime derivatives containing different substituent groups were designed, synthesized and evaluated for the inhibitory activity against tubulin polymerization and cancer cell inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Juan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Bing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Qin Jiang
- School of Medicine
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Liang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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CXI-benzo-84 reversibly binds to tubulin at colchicine site and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:378-91. [PMID: 23747346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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8
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Rai A, Surolia A, Panda D. An antitubulin agent BCFMT inhibits proliferation of cancer cells and induces cell death by inhibiting microtubule dynamics. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44311. [PMID: 22952952 PMCID: PMC3432122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Using cell based screening assay, we identified a novel anti-tubulin agent (Z)-5-((5-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)furan-2-yl)methylene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one (BCFMT) that inhibited proliferation of human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) (IC50, 7.2±1.8 µM), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) (IC50, 10.0±0.5 µM), highly metastatic breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) (IC50, 6.0±1 µM), cisplatin-resistant human ovarian carcinoma (A2780-cis) (IC50, 5.8±0.3 µM) and multi-drug resistant mouse mammary tumor (EMT6/AR1) (IC50, 6.5±1µM) cells. Using several complimentary strategies, BCFMT was found to inhibit cancer cell proliferation at G2/M phase of the cell cycle apparently by targeting microtubules. In addition, BCFMT strongly suppressed the dynamics of individual microtubules in live MCF-7 cells. At its half maximal proliferation inhibitory concentration (10 µM), BCFMT reduced the rates of growing and shortening phases of microtubules in MCF-7 cells by 37 and 40%, respectively. Further, it increased the time microtubules spent in the pause (neither growing nor shortening detectably) state by 135% and reduced the dynamicity (dimer exchange per unit time) of microtubules by 70%. In vitro, BCFMT bound to tubulin with a dissociation constant of 8.3±1.8 µM, inhibited tubulin assembly and suppressed GTPase activity of microtubules. BCFMT competitively inhibited the binding of BODIPY FL-vinblastine to tubulin with an inhibitory concentration (Ki) of 5.2±1.5 µM suggesting that it binds to tubulin at the vinblastine site. In cultured cells, BCFMT-treatment depolymerized interphase microtubules, perturbed the spindle organization and accumulated checkpoint proteins (BubR1 and Mad2) at the kinetochores. BCFMT-treated MCF-7 cells showed enhanced nuclear accumulation of p53 and its downstream p21, which consequently activated apoptosis in these cells. The results suggested that BCFMT inhibits proliferation of several types of cancer cells including drug resistance cells by suppressing microtubule dynamics and indicated that the compound may have chemotherapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Rai
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail: (DP); (AS)
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail: (DP); (AS)
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9
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Synatschke CV, Schallon A, Jérôme V, Freitag R, Müller AHE. Influence of Polymer Architecture and Molecular Weight of Poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) Polycations on Transfection Efficiency and Cell Viability in Gene Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:4247-55. [DOI: 10.1021/bm201111d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher V. Synatschke
- Makromolekulare Chemie II und Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide
und Grenzflächen, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anja Schallon
- Chair for Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Valérie Jérôme
- Chair for Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ruth Freitag
- Chair for Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Makromolekulare Chemie II und Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide
und Grenzflächen, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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