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Han W, Liu F, Muhammad M, Liu G, Li H, Xu Y, Sun S. Application of biomacromolecule-based passive penetration enhancement technique in superficial tumor therapy: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132745. [PMID: 38823734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) has shown great promise in superficial tumor therapy due to its noninvasive and avoidance of the first-pass effect. Especially, passive penetration enhancement technique (PPET) provides the technical basis for TDD by temporarily altering the skin surface structure without requiring external energy. Biomacromolecules and their derived nanocarriers offer a wide range of options for PPET development, with outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability. Furthermore, the abundant functional groups on biomacromolecule surfaces can be modified to yield functional materials capable of targeting specific sites and responding to stimuli. This enables precise drug delivery to the tumor site and controlled drug release, with the potential to replace traditional drug delivery methods and make PPET-related personalized medicine a reality. This review focuses on the mechanism of biomacromolecules and nanocarriers with skin, and the impact of nanocarriers' surface properties of nanocarriers on PPET efficiency. The applications of biomacromolecule-based PPET in superficial tumor therapy are also summarized. In addition, the advantages and limitations are discussed, and their future trends are projected based on the existing work of biomacromolecule-based PPET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Mehdi Muhammad
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guoxin Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yongqian Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shiguo Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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2
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Partoazar A, Kianvash N, Goudarzi R. New concepts in wound targeting through liposome-based nanocarriers (LBNs). J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Lamparelli EP, Ciardulli MC, Scala P, Scognamiglio M, Charlier B, Di Pietro P, Izzo V, Vecchione C, Maffulli N, Della Porta G. Lipid nano-vesicles for thyroid hormone encapsulation: A comparison between different fabrication technologies, drug loading, and an in vitro delivery to human tendon stem/progenitor cells in 2D and 3D culture. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122007. [PMID: 35820518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles loaded with Triiodothyronine (T3) were fabricated using different manufacturing methods: thin layer hydration plus sonication (TF-UF), supercritical liposome formation (SC), and microfluidic technology (MF). Vesicles obtained by MF had the lowest mean diameter (88.61 ± 44.48 nm) with a Zeta Potential of -20.1 ± 5.90 mV and loading of 10 mg/g (encapsulation efficiency: 57%). In contrast, SC vesicles showed extremely low encapsulation efficiency (<10%) probably due to T3 solubility in ethanol/carbon dioxide mixture; despite TF-UF vesicles exhibiting good size (167.7 ± 90 nm; Zp -8.50 ± 0.60 mV) and loading (10 mg/g), poor mass recovery was obtained (50% loss). MF vesicles had low cytotoxicity, and they were well enough internalized by both HeLa and human tendon stem/progenitor cells (hTSPCs). Their biological activity was also monitored in both 2D and 3D cultures of hTSPCs supplemented with therapeutical concentrations of PC/T3 nano-liposomes. 2D culture showed almost similar constitutive gene expression compared to control culture supplemented with free-T3. On the contrary, when hTPSCs 3D culture was assembled, it showed a more evident homogeneous distribution of FITC labeled vesicles within the high-density structure and a significant upregulation of cell constitutive genes, such as type I Collagen (4.8-fold; p < 0.0001) at day 7, compared to the control, suggesting that T3/PC formulation has increased T3 cytosolic concentration, thus improving cells metabolic activity. The study supported MF technology for nano-carriers fabrication and opens perspectives on the activity of PC/T3 nano-vesicles as innovative formulations for TPSCs stimulation in ECM secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Lamparelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, (SA), Italy
| | - M C Ciardulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, (SA), Italy
| | - P Scala
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, (SA), Italy
| | - M Scognamiglio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo I, 84084 Fisciano, (SA), Italy
| | - B Charlier
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, (SA), Italy
| | - P Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, (SA), Italy
| | - V Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, (SA), Italy
| | - C Vecchione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, (SA), Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Vascular Physiopathology, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - N Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, (SA), Italy
| | - G Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, (SA), Italy; Department of Industrial Engineering, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo I, 84084 Fisciano, (SA), Italy; Interdepartment Centre BIONAM, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo I, 84084 Fisciano, (SA), Italy.
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Sun MC, Xu XL, Du Y, Lou XF, Wang W, You YC, Liu D, Jin FY, Qi J, Zhu MX, Zhu LW, Wang J, Du YZ. Biomimetic Melanosomes Promote Orientation-Selective Delivery and Melanocyte Pigmentation in the H 2O 2-Induced Vitiligo Mouse Model. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17361-17374. [PMID: 34662120 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extremely limited drug retention and depigmentation represent the greatest barriers against vitiligo treatment advancement. Here, inspired by biological melanosomes, the primary melanin transporter, we developed biomimetic melanosomes to combat reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated melanocyte damage and depigmentation. Briefly, methylprednisolone (MPS) and melanin-mimicking polydopamine (PDA) were encapsulated inside lysine-proline-valine (KPV)-modified deformable liposomes (KPV-Lipos). Owing to their phospholipid bilayer flexibility and the specific affinity for melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), KPV-Lipos exhibited 1.43-fold greater skin deposition than traditional liposomes. The binding of KPV and its receptor also contributed to activating the cAMP-tyrosinase (TYR) signaling pathway, improving the endogenous melanin content. In addition, PDA mimicked melanosomes as it effectively increased the exogenous melanin content and scavenged ROS. Meanwhile, MPS inhibited inflammatory cytokine secretion, limiting the depigmented area. Ultimately, the biomimetic melanosomes affected the skin color of mice with H2O2-induced vitiligo. These melanosomes show potential as a universal platform for the self-supply of melanin by self-driven melanin synthesis with exogenous supplementation. Furthermore, this study offers ideas for the production of artificial packed melanosome substitutes for melanocyte-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chen Sun
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue-Fang Lou
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hangzhou Third Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yu-Chan You
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fei-Yang Jin
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min-Xia Zhu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lu-Wen Zhu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Farjami A, Salatin S, Jafari S, Mahmoudian M, Jelvehgari M. The Factors Determining the Skin Penetration and Cellular Uptake of Nanocarriers: New Hope for Clinical Development. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:4315-4329. [PMID: 34779364 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210810091745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The skin provides a protective barrier against toxic environments and also offers a valuable route for topical drug delivery. The stratum corneum (SC) is the outermost layer of the skin and serves as the major barrier to chemical transfer through the skin. The human skin barrier is particularly difficult to overcome because of the complex composition and structure of the SC. Nanoparticulate carriers have gained widespread attention in topical drug delivery due to their tunable and versatile properties. The present review summarizes the main factors involved in skin penetration of nanocarriers containing the drug. Employment of nanotechnology in topical delivery has grown progressively during recent years; however, it is important to monitor the skin penetration of nanocarriers prior to their use to avoid possible toxic effects. Nanocarriers can act as a means to increase skin permeation of drugs by supporting direct interaction with the SC and increasing the period of permanence on the skin. Skin penetration is influenced by the physicochemical characteristics of nanocarriers such as composition, size, shape, surface chemistry, as well as skin features. Considering that the target of topical systems based on nanocarriers is the penetration of therapeutic agents in the skin layers, so a detailed understanding of the factors influencing skin permeability of nanocarriers is essential for safe and efficient therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Farjami
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Salatin
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Jafari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahmoudian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mitra Jelvehgari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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6
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Marwah M, Badhan RKS, Lowry D. Development of a novel polymer-based carrier for deformable liposomes for the controlled dermal delivery of naringenin. J Liposome Res 2021; 32:181-194. [PMID: 34423727 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2021.1956529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of skin cancer has increased worldwide, presenting a significant burden on healthcare services. Chemotherapy intervention is often not appropriate for all patients due to localized adverse effects on skin physiology. The aim of this study was, therefore, to consider the development of a novel phytochemical-based deformable liposomal formulation suspended in an aqueous gel for the controlled-release of naringenin. Naringenin is an antioxidant, free radical scavenger, anti-inflammatory agent, and immune system modulator thus may be potentially useful as a pharmacological anti-cancer agent. Formulated liposomes incorporating an increasing loading of Tween 20 (from 0% w/w to 10% w/w) demonstrated a significant decrease in deformability index (DI) (80.71 ± 2.02-59.17 ± 4.42 %), indicating an increase in elasticity. The release of naringenin over 24 h was directly affected by Tween-20 concentration, decreasing from 100.72%±4.98% to 79.53%±3.68% for 0% and 2% w/w Tween 20, respectively. Further, the incorporation of deformable liposomes into hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) gels resulting in a further retardation of naringenin release, 23.21%±1.17% and 19.83%±1.50%, respectively, over 24 h. Incubation of 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate-loaded liposomes with human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and keratinocyte cells demonstrated intracellular accumulation within 2 h, confirming deformable liposomes may be beneficial in improving drug penetration across dermal cells and would be valuable in emerging controlled-release formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Marwah
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Raj K S Badhan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Deborah Lowry
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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7
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Kassem AA, Abd El-Alim SH. Vesicular Nanocarriers: A Potential Platform for Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery. NANOPHARMACEUTICALS: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS VOL. 2 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44921-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Tailoring solulan C24 based niosomes for transdermal delivery of donepezil: In vitro characterization, evaluation of pH sensitivity, and microneedle-assisted Ex vivo permeation studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Piumitali B, Neeraj U, Jyotivardhan J. Transfersomes — A Nanoscience in Transdermal Drug Delivery and Its Clinical Advancements. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x19500339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The convenient nanotransdermal delivery system is always likely to have some ideal and unique characteristics, predominantly for safety, desired actions, clinical efficacy, enriched with a therapeutic index with minimal adverse occurrence. One of the most challenging tasks for the formulators is to transfer the medicament, especially macromolecules, through the skin. Some of the ways to achieve this is the use of a painful needle or some other methods which also have economical constraints. A new technology has been developed, that is ultradeformable liposomes, also called as transfersomes. These are an elastic type of lipid vesicle aggregates capable of delivering wide range of active moieties including various biomolecules. It can be manufactured by evaporation, vortexing, reverse-phase evaporation, ethanol injection or freeze-thaw methods, where phospholipids and edge activators are the major ingredients that contribute the main role in their unique mechanism of permeation through less permeable stratum corneum. This review mainly focuses on the clinical trial studies and patents accessible on transfersomal products worldwide, highlights the recent work on transfersomes with various therapeutic agents. An effort to explain the deeper penetration of transfersomes across the epidermis layer by its pharmacokinetics and dynamic properties has been taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bera Piumitali
- School of Pharmacy and Research, People’s University, Bhanpur, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462037, India
| | - Upmanyu Neeraj
- School of Pharmacy and Research, People’s University, Bhanpur, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462037, India
| | - Jaiswal Jyotivardhan
- Alkem Research Center, MIDC Industrial Estate, Taloja, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410208, India
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Marwah M, Perrie Y, Badhan RKS, Lowry D. Intracellular uptake of EGCG-loaded deformable controlled release liposomes for skin cancer. J Liposome Res 2019; 30:136-149. [PMID: 31010367 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2019.1604746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Caucasian population groups have a higher propensity to develop skin cancer, and associated clinical interventions often present substantial financial burden on healthcare services. Conventional treatments are often not suitable for all patient groups as a result of poor efficacy and toxicity profiles. The primary objective of this study was to develop a deformable liposomal formulation, the properties of which being dictated by the surfactant Tween 20, for the dermal cellular delivery of epigallocatechin gallatein (EGCG), a compound possessing antineoplastic properties. The results demonstrated a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in liposome deformability index (74 ± 8 to 37 ± 7) as Tween 20 loading increased from 0 to 10% w/w, indicating an increase in elasticity. EGCG release over 24-h demonstrated Tween 20 incorporation directly increased release from 13.7% ± 1.1% to 94.4% ± 4.9% (for 0 and 10% w/w Tween 20 respectively). Finally, we demonstrated DilC-loaded deformable liposomes were localized intracellularly within human dermal fibroblast and keratinocyte cells within 2 h. Thus, it was evident that deformable liposomes may aid drug penetration into dermal cells and would be useful in developing a controlled-release formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marwah
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Y Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - R K S Badhan
- Life and Health Sciences, Aston University Aston Health Research Group, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Lowry
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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Liposomes for delivery of antioxidants in cosmeceuticals: Challenges and development strategies. J Control Release 2019; 300:114-140. [PMID: 30853528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants (AOs) play a crucial role in the protection and maintenance of health and are also integral ingredients in beauty products. Unfortunately, most of them are sensitive due to their instability and insolubility. The use of liposomes to protect AOs and expand their applicability to cosmeceuticals, thereby, is one of the most effective solutions. Notwithstanding their offered advantages for the delivery of AOs, liposomes, in their production and application, present many challenges. Here, we provide a critical review of the major problems complicating the development of liposomes for AO delivery. Along with issues related to preparation techniques and encapsulation efficiency, the loss of protective function and inefficiency of skin permeability are the main disadvantages of liposomes. Corresponding development strategies for resolving these problems, with their respective advantages and drawbacks, are introduced, discussed in some depth, and summarized in these pages as well. Advanced liposomes have a vital role to play in the development and delivery of AOs in practical cosmeceutical product applications.
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Amin M, Pourshohod A, Kheirollah A, Afrakhteh M, Gholami-Borujeni F, Zeinali M, Jamalan M. Specific delivery of idarubicin to HER2-positive breast cancerous cell line by trastuzumab-conjugated liposomes. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kosakowska KA, Casey BK, Albert JNL, Wang Y, Ashbaugh HS, Grayson SM. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Star/Linear-Dendritic Polymers: Effect of Core versus Peripheral Branching on Reverse Micelle Aggregation. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3177-3189. [PMID: 29986144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of branched polymers, consisting of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) core and lipophilic peripheral dendrons, were synthesized and their self-assembly into reverse micelles studied toward the ultimate goal of carrier-mediated transdermal drug delivery. More specifically, this investigation systematically explores the structure-property contributions arising from location and extent of branching by varying the number of branch points at the core and the generation of dendrons at the polar/nonpolar interface. For branching at the core, PEGs were selected with one, two or four arms, with one terminal functionality per arm. For peripheral branching, end groups were modified with polyester dendrons (of dendritic generations 0, 1, and 2) for each of the three cores. Finally, lauric acid (LA) was used to esterify the periphery, yielding a library of branched, amphiphilic polymers. Characterization of these materials via MALDI-TOF MS, GPC and NMR confirmed their exceptionally well-defined structure. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirmed these polymers' abilities to make discrete aggregates. As expected, increased multiplicity of branching resulted in more compact aggregates; however, the location of branching (core vs periphery) did not seem as important in defining aggregate size as the extent of branching. Finally, computational modeling of the branched amphiphile series was explored to elucidate the macromolecular interactions governing self-assembly in these systems.
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Tuncay Tanriverdi S. Preparation and Characterization of Caffeine Loaded Liposome and Ethosome Formulations for Transungual Application. Turk J Pharm Sci 2018; 15:178-183. [PMID: 32454658 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.22931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Nail plates have a structure that prevents transungual delivery of active agents. This situation makes it difficult to treat nail diseases. Materials and Methods In this study, CF-loaded liposome and ethosome formulations were prepared for ungual application. Formulations were characterized by size, microscopic observation, pH, and entrapment efficiency measurements. The effects of formulations and experimental conditions on nails were tested with characterization of nails before and after ex vivo permeation experiments. Results Microscopic observation confirmed the presence of spherical-structured vesicles. The particle sizes of vesicles were found as 545.3±0.121 nm, 610.2±0.943 nm, 349.5±0.145 nm and 337.9±0.088 nm for liposomes (FI-FII) and ethosomes (FIII- FIV), respectively. The polydispersity index of particles was found under 0.5, and the pH of formulations was around 7. The encapsulation efficiency was found low due to the hydrophilic character of CF. Nail characterization studies showed that the experimental conditions had an effect on the nail plate. Conclusion The cumulative amount of drug after ex vivo permeation studies was found higher for ethosomes than for liposomes. The results confirm that liposomal systems could be promising systems for ungual drug delivery.
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Sala M, Diab R, Elaissari A, Fessi H. Lipid nanocarriers as skin drug delivery systems: Properties, mechanisms of skin interactions and medical applications. Int J Pharm 2018; 535:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Rai S, Pandey V, Rai G. Transfersomes as versatile and flexible nano-vesicular carriers in skin cancer therapy: the state of the art. NANO REVIEWS & EXPERIMENTS 2017; 8:1325708. [PMID: 30410704 PMCID: PMC6167026 DOI: 10.1080/20022727.2017.1325708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The skin acts as a barrier and prevents transcutaneous delivery of therapeutic agents. Transfersomes are novel vesicular systems that are several times more elastic than other vesicular systems. These are composed of edge activator, phospholipids, ethanol, and sodium cholate and are applied in a non-occlusive manner. Areas covered: This article covers information such as merits/demerits of transfersomes, regulatory aspects of materials used in preparation, different methods of preparation, mechanism of action, review of clinical investigations performed, marketed preparations available, research reports, and patent reports related to transfersomes. Expert opinion: Research over the past few years has provided a better understanding of transfersomal permeation of therapeutic agents across stratum corneum barrier. Transfersomes provides an essential feature of their application to variety of compositions in order to optimize the permeability of a range of therapeutic molecules. This is evidenced by the fact that there are several Transfersome products being processed in advanced clinical trials. It is noteworthy that a number of Transfersome products for dermal and transdermal delivery will gain a global market success in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Rai
- Pharmaceutics, Guru Ramdas Khasla Institute of Science & Technology, Pharmacy, Jabalpur, India
| | - Vikas Pandey
- Pharmaceutics, Guru Ramdas Khasla Institute of Science & Technology, Pharmacy, Jabalpur, India
| | - Gopal Rai
- Pharmaceutics, Guru Ramdas Khasla Institute of Science & Technology, Pharmacy, Jabalpur, India
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Yamazaki N, Sugimoto T, Fukushima M, Teranishi R, Kotaka A, Shinde C, Kumei T, Sumida Y, Munekata Y, Maruyama KI, Yuba E, Harada A, Kono K. Dual-stimuli responsive liposomes using pH- and temperature-sensitive polymers for controlled transdermal delivery. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01754a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of skin environment-sensitive liposomes for transdermal penetration is beneficial for improving cosmetic efficacy.
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18
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New effective azelaic acid liposomal gel formulation of enhanced pharmaceutical bioavailability. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:771-775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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19
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Moner V, Fernández E, Rodríguez G, Cócera M, Barbosa-Barros L, de la Maza A, López O. Lamellar body mimetic system: An up-to-down repairing strategy of the stratum corneum lipid structure. Int J Pharm 2016; 510:135-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Cheng CY, Wang TY, Tung SH. Biological Hydrogels Formed by Swollen Multilamellar Liposomes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:13312-13320. [PMID: 26574777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of lecithin-bile salt mixtures in solutions has long been an important research topic, not only because they are both biosurfactants closely relevant to physiological functions but also for the potential biomedical applications. In this paper, we report an unusual biological hydrogel formed by mixing bile salts and lecithin at low bile salt/lecithin molar ratios (B0) in water. The gel can be prepared at a total lipid concentration as low as ∼15 wt %, and the solidlike property of the solutions was confirmed by dynamic rheological measurements. We used cryo-TEM and SAXS/SANS techniques to probe the self-assembled structure and clearly evidence that the gel is made up of jammed swollen multilamellar vesicles (liposomes), instead of typical fibrous networks found in conventional gels. A mechanism-based on the strong repulsion between bilayers due to the incorporation of negatively charged bile salts is proposed to explain the swelling of the liposomes. In addition to gel, a series of phases, including viscoelastic, gel-like, and low-viscosity fluids, can be created by increasing B0. Such a variety of phase behaviors are caused by the transformation of bilayers into cylindrical and spheroidal micelles upon the change of the effective molecular geometry with B0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yang Cheng
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Wang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering and ‡Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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21
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Tuncay Tanrıverdi S, Hilmioğlu Polat S, Yeşim Metin D, Kandiloğlu G, Özer Ö. Terbinafine hydrochloride loaded liposome film formulation for treatment of onychomycosis:in vitroandin vivoevaluation. J Liposome Res 2015; 26:163-73. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2015.1067892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Mehanna MM, Motawaa AM, Samaha MW. Nanovesicular carrier-mediated transdermal delivery of tadalafil: i- formulation and physicsochemical characterization. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:714-21. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.900075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Elnaggar YSR, El-Refaie WM, El-Massik MA, Abdallah OY. Lecithin-based nanostructured gels for skin delivery: an update on state of art and recent applications. J Control Release 2014; 180:10-24. [PMID: 24531009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conventional carriers for skin delivery encounter obstacles of drug leakage, scanty permeation and low entrapment efficiency. Phospholipid nanogels have recently been recognized as prominent delivery systems to circumvent such obstacles and impart easier application. The current review provides an overview on different types of lecithin nanostructured gels, with particular emphasis on liposomal versus microemulsion gelled systems. Liposomal gels investigated encompassed classic liposomal hydrogel, modified liposomal gels (e.g. Transferosomal, Ethosomal, Pro-liposomal and Phytosomal gels), Microgel in liposomes (M-i-L) and Vesicular phospholipid gel (VPG). Microemulsion gelled systems encompassed Lecithin microemulsion-based organogels (LMBGs), Pluronic lecithin organogels (PLOs) and Lecithin-stabilized microemulsion-based hydrogels. All systems were reviewed regarding matrix composition, state of art, characterization and updated applications. Different classes of lecithin nanogels exhibited crucial impact on transdermal delivery regarding drug permeation, drug loading and stability aspects. Future perspectives of this theme issue are discussed based on current laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra S R Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Wessam M El-Refaie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Magda A El-Massik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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24
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Gaur PK, Mishra S, Purohit S, Kumar Y, Bhandari A. Development of a new nanovesicle formulation as transdermal carrier: Formulation, physicochemical characterization, permeation studies and anti-inflammatory activity. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 42:323-30. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2013.827119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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25
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Gaur PK, Purohit S, Mishra S. Development of aceclofenac nanovesicular system using biomaterial for transdermal delivery: physical characterization,ex vivo,in vivo, and anti-inflammatory studies. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2013; 24:2126-41. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2013.828579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Gaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, I.T.S. Paramedical (Pharmacy) College, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, UP, 201206, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jodhpur National University, Narnadi, Jhanwar Road, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342001, India
| | - Suresh Purohit
- Department of Pharmacology, IMS-BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shikha Mishra
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
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26
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Wang MH, Kim JC. Vesicles composed of fatty acid and N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-octadecanamide: effect of fatty acid chain length on physicochemical properties of vesicles. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:318-24. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.760578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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27
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Tanrıverdi ST, Özer Ö. Novel topical formulations of Terbinafine-HCl for treatment of onychomycosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 48:628-36. [PMID: 23295582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Terbinafine hydrochloride (TBF-HCl) is an active substance that is using for treatment of onychomycosis. Onychomycosis is a fungal infection which is the most common disease of nail plate. The nail plate is a barrier which prevents effective topical treatment of ungual disorders. In this study, TBF-HCl loaded liposome and ethosome formulations and also gel form of these formulations were prepared. The formulations were characterized and in vitro and ex vivo release studies were performed. Nail characterization studies were also performed to examine the effect of formulations and experimental conditions on nail surface. As a result, all formulations can serve as efficient formulations for ungual application of TBF-HCl. By the way, the results of the accumulation studies suggested that liposome poloxamer gel formulation could be promising system for ungual drug delivery due to the better accumulation and easier application of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakine Tuncay Tanrıverdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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28
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Gaur PK, Purohit S, Kumar Y, Mishra S, Bhandari A. Preparation, characterization and permeation studies of a nanovesicular system containing diclofenac for transdermal delivery. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:48-54. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.751406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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29
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Paolino D, Cosco D, Cilurzo F, Trapasso E, Morittu VM, Celia C, Fresta M. Improved in vitro and in vivo collagen biosynthesis by asiaticoside-loaded ultradeformable vesicles. J Control Release 2012; 162:143-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Paolino D, Celia C, Trapasso E, Cilurzo F, Fresta M. Paclitaxel-loaded ethosomes®: Potential treatment of squamous cell carcinoma, a malignant transformation of actinic keratoses. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81:102-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Ethosomes® and transfersomes® containing linoleic acid: physicochemical and technological features of topical drug delivery carriers for the potential treatment of melasma disorders. Biomed Microdevices 2011; 14:119-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-011-9590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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Liposomal systems as drug delivery vehicles for dermal and transdermal applications. Arch Dermatol Res 2011; 303:607-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-011-1166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Jukanti R, Gaddam P, Jalagam M, Bandari S. Transcorneal Permeation of Ciprofloxacin Liposomes: Effect of Surface Charge and Nonionic Surfactants. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2010.488492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Geusens B, Strobbe T, Bracke S, Dynoodt P, Sanders N, Gele MV, Lambert J. Lipid-mediated gene delivery to the skin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 43:199-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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González-Rodríguez ML, Rabasco AM. Charged liposomes as carriers to enhance the permeation through the skin. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:857-71. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.574610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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36
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New “drug-in cyclodextrin-in deformable liposomes” formulations to improve the therapeutic efficacy of local anaesthetics. Int J Pharm 2010; 395:222-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Moeller EH, Holst B, Nielsen LH, Pedersen PS, Østergaard J. Stability, liposome interaction, and in vivo pharmacology of ghrelin in liposomal suspensions. Int J Pharm 2010; 390:13-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Abstract
Abstract
Using liposomes to deliver drugs to and through human skin is controversial, as their function varies with type and composition. Thus they may act as drug carriers controlling release of the medicinal agent. Alternatively, they may provide a localized depot in the skin so minimizing systemic effects or can be used for targeting delivery to skin appendages (hair follicles and sweat glands). Liposomes may also enhance transdermal drug delivery, increasing systemic drug concentrations. With such a multiplicity of functions, it is not surprising that mechanisms of liposomal delivery of therapeutic agents to and through the skin are unclear. Accordingly, this article provides an overview of the modes and mechanisms of action of different vesicles as drug delivery vectors in human skin. Our conclusion is that vesicles, depending on the composition and method of preparation, can vary with respect to size, lamellarity, charge, membrane fluidity or elasticity and drug entrapment. This variability allows for multiple functions ranging from local to transdermal effects. Application to dissimilar skins (animal or human) via diverse protocols may reveal different mechanisms of action with possible vesicle skin penetration reaching different depths, from surface assimilation to (rarely) the viable tissue and subsequent systemic absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal M M El Maghraby
- The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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39
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Bragagni M, Maestrelli F, Mennini N, Ghelardini C, Mura P. Liposomal formulations of prilocaine: effect of complexation with hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin on drug anesthetic efficacy. J Liposome Res 2010; 20:315-22. [PMID: 20109055 DOI: 10.3109/08982100903544169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A combined strategy, based on cyclodextrin complexation and loading in liposomes, has been investigated to develop a new delivery system with improved therapeutic activity of the local anesthetic, prilocaine (PRL). In order to evaluate the actual effectiveness and advantages of this approach compared to the traditional drug-in-liposome one, four different liposomal formulations were prepared: (1) liposomes loaded with PRL base as complex with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP CD) in the aqueous phase; (2) liposomes loaded with PRL hydrochloride in the aqueous phase; (3) liposomes loaded with PRL base in the lipophilic phase; and (4) "double-loaded" liposomes, containing free PRL base in the membrane bilayer and its HP CD complex in the aqueous compartment. All batches were characterized for particle size, charge, deformability, and entrapment efficiency from using, respectively, light scattering, extrusion, and dialysis techniques, while the anesthetic effect was evaluated in vivo on Guinea pigs, according to the test of dorsal muscle contraction. All drug liposomal dispersions showed enhanced analgesic duration with respect to the corresponding aqueous solutions, but significant differences were observed between the different formulations. In particular, cyclodextrin complexation not only allowed an efficient encapsulation of PRL base in the aqueous vesicle core, but also increased the anesthetic effect duration and reduced the initial lag time, in comparison with the corresponding formulations containing, respectively, free PRL in the lipophilic phase or PRL hydrochloride in the aqueous vesicle core. The technique of double loading was the most effective, giving rise to the shortest onset time and longest duration of anesthetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bragagni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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40
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Bahia APC, Azevedo EG, Ferreira LA, Frézard F. New insights into the mode of action of ultradeformable vesicles using calcein as hydrophilic fluorescent marker. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 39:90-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Carafa M, Marianecci C, Rinaldi F, Santucci E, Tampucci S, Monti D. Span®and Tween®neutral and pH-sensitive vesicles: Characterization andin vitroskin permeation. J Liposome Res 2009; 19:332-40. [DOI: 10.3109/08982100903014994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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42
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Karande P, Mitragotri S. Enhancement of transdermal drug delivery via synergistic action of chemicals. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:2362-73. [PMID: 19733150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive alternative to conventional techniques for administration of systemic therapeutics. One challenge in designing transdermal drug delivery systems is to overcome the natural transport barrier of the skin. Chemicals offer tremendous potential in overcoming the skin barrier to enhance transport of drug molecules. Individual chemicals are however limited in their efficacy in disrupting the skin barrier at low concentrations and usually cause skin irritation at high concentrations. Multicomponent mixtures of chemicals, however, have been shown to provide high skin permeabilization potency as compared to individual chemicals without necessarily causing irritation. Here we review systems employing synergistic mixtures of chemicals that offer superior skin permeation enhancement. These synergistic systems include solvent mixtures, microemulsions, eutectic mixtures, complex self-assembled vesicles and inclusion complexes. Methods for design and discovery of such synergistic systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Karande
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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43
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44
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Bjerring P, Christiansen K, Troilius A, Bekhor P, de Leeuw J. Skin fluorescence controlled photodynamic photorejuvenation (wrinkle reduction). Lasers Surg Med 2009; 41:327-36. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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Shakeel F, Baboota S, Ahuja A, Ali J, Shafiq S. Celecoxib Nanoemulsion for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690802644012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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46
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El Maghraby GM, Williams AC. Vesicular systems for delivering conventional small organic molecules and larger macromolecules to and through human skin. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:149-63. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240802691059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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47
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Chapter 3 Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Characterization of Ultradeformable Vesicles using Calcein as Hydrophilic Fluorescent Marker. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1554-4516(09)09003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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48
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Mura P, Capasso G, Maestrelli F, Furlanetto S. Optimization of Formulation Variables of Benzocaine Liposomes using Experimental Design. J Liposome Res 2008; 18:113-25. [DOI: 10.1080/08982100802118540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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49
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El Maghraby G, Barry B, Williams A. Liposomes and skin: From drug delivery to model membranes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2008; 34:203-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Elsayed MMA, Abdallah OY, Naggar VF, Khalafallah NM. Lipid vesicles for skin delivery of drugs: reviewing three decades of research. Int J Pharm 2006; 332:1-16. [PMID: 17222523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 12/03/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Since liposomes were first shown to be of potential value for topical therapy by Mezei and Gulasekharam in 1980, studies continued towards further investigation and development of lipid vesicles as carriers for skin delivery of drugs. Despite this long history of intensive research, lipid vesicles are still considered as a controversial class of dermal and transdermal carriers. Accordingly, this article provides an overview of the development of lipid vesicles for skin delivery of drugs, with special emphasis on recent advances in this field, including the development of deformable liposomes and ethosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa M A Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, El-Khartoum Square, El-Azarita, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
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