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Toledo B, Zhu Chen L, Paniagua-Sancho M, Marchal JA, Perán M, Giovannetti E. Deciphering the performance of macrophages in tumour microenvironment: a call for precision immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:44. [PMID: 38863020 PMCID: PMC11167803 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages infiltrating tumour tissues or residing in the microenvironment of solid tumours are known as tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). These specialized immune cells play crucial roles in tumour growth, angiogenesis, immune regulation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. TAMs encompass various subpopulations, primarily classified into M1 and M2 subtypes based on their differentiation and activities. M1 macrophages, characterized by a pro-inflammatory phenotype, exert anti-tumoural effects, while M2 macrophages, with an anti-inflammatory phenotype, function as protumoural regulators. These highly versatile cells respond to stimuli from tumour cells and other constituents within the tumour microenvironment (TME), such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes. These stimuli induce their polarization towards one phenotype or another, leading to complex interactions with TME components and influencing both pro-tumour and anti-tumour processes.This review comprehensively and deeply covers the literature on macrophages, their origin and function as well as the intricate interplay between macrophages and the TME, influencing the dual nature of TAMs in promoting both pro- and anti-tumour processes. Moreover, the review delves into the primary pathways implicated in macrophage polarization, examining the diverse stimuli that regulate this process. These stimuli play a crucial role in shaping the phenotype and functions of macrophages. In addition, the advantages and limitations of current macrophage based clinical interventions are reviewed, including enhancing TAM phagocytosis, inducing TAM exhaustion, inhibiting TAM recruitment, and polarizing TAMs towards an M1-like phenotype. In conclusion, while the treatment strategies targeting macrophages in precision medicine show promise, overcoming several obstacles is still necessary to achieve an accessible and efficient immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Toledo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Lagunillas, Jaén, E-23071, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linrui Zhu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - María Paniagua-Sancho
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, E-18100, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada-Universidad de Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, E-18100, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada-Universidad de Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
| | - Macarena Perán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Lagunillas, Jaén, E-23071, Spain.
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, E-18100, Spain.
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain.
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano, Pisa, 56017, Italy.
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2
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Shao Y, Wang Y, Su R, Pu W, Chen S, Fu L, Yu H, Qiu Y. Dual identity of tumor-associated macrophage in regulated cell death and oncotherapy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17582. [PMID: 37449180 PMCID: PMC10336529 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) affects the intrinsic properties of tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME), which can stimulate tumor cell proliferation, migration, and genetic instability, and macrophage diversity includes the diversity of tumors with different functional characteristics. Macrophages are now a central drug target in various diseases, especially in the TME, which, as "tumor promoters" and "immunosuppressors", have different responsibilities during tumor development and accompany by significant dynamic alterations in various subpopulations. Remodelling immunosuppression of TME and promotion of pre-existing antitumor immune responses is critical by altering TAM polarization, which is relevant to the efficacy of immunotherapy, and uncovering the exact mechanism of action of TAMs and identifying their specific targets is vital to optimizing current immunotherapies. Hence, this review aims to reveal the triadic interactions of macrophages with programmed death and oncotherapy, and to integrate certain relationships in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ranran Su
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiling Pu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Sibao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leilei Fu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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3
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Sahin A, Ozturk SC. Intraperitoneal administration of PLGA nanoparticles could deliver the cargo to tumor-associated macrophages with less spreading peritoneal macrophages in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Qiao H, Mei J, Yuan K, Zhang K, Zhou F, Tang T, Zhao J. Immune-regulating strategy against rheumatoid arthritis by inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells with modified zinc peroxide nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:323. [PMID: 35836178 PMCID: PMC9281050 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In hypoxic dendritic cells (DCs), a low level of Zn2+ can induce the activation of immunogenic DCs (igDCs), thereby triggering an active T-cell response to propel the immune progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This finding indicates the crucial roles of zinc and oxygen homeostasis in DCs during the pathogenesis of RA. However, very few studies have focused on the modulation of zinc and oxygen homeostasis in DCs during RA treatment. Proposed herein is a DC-targeting immune-regulating strategy to induce igDCs into tolerogenic DCs (tDCs) and inhibit subsequent T-cell activation, referred to as ZnO2/Catalase@liposome-Mannose nanoparticles (ZnCM NPs). ZnCM NPs displayed targeted intracellular delivery of Zn2+ and O2 towards igDCs in a pH-responsive manner. After inactivating OTUB1 deubiquitination, the ZnCM NPs promoted CCL5 degradation via NF-κB signalling, thereby inducing the igDC-tDC transition to further inhibit CD4+ T-cell homeostasis. In collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice, this nanoimmunoplatform showed significant accumulation in the spleen, where immature DCs (imDCs) differentiated into igDCs. Splenic tDCs were induced to alleviate ankle swelling, improve walking posture and safely inhibit ankle/spleen inflammation. Our work pioneers the combination of DC-targeting nanoplatforms with RA treatments and highlights the significance of zinc and oxygen homeostasis for the immunoregulation of RA by inducing tDCs with modified ZnO2 NPs, which provides novel insight into ion homeostasis regulation for the treatment of immune diseases with a larger variety of distinct metal or nonmetal ions. The DC-targeting immune-regulating nanostrategy was firstly employed to treat RA. The complex immune regulating effects was realized through a portable, convenient and green nanomaterial. Highlighting the significance of zinc and oxygen homeostasis for the immunoregulation of RA by inducing tDCs with modified ZnO2 NPs. Expanding the notion of ion homeostasis regulation with a larger variety of distinct metal or nonmetal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtian Mei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Argenziano M, Occhipinti S, Scomparin A, Angelini C, Novelli F, Soster M, Giovarelli M, Cavalli R. Exploring chitosan-shelled nanobubbles to improve HER2 + immunotherapy via dendritic cell targeting. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2007-2018. [PMID: 35672651 PMCID: PMC9172608 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a valuable approach to cancer treatment as it is able to activate the immune system. However, the curative methods currently in clinical practice, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, present some limitations. Dendritic cell vaccination has been investigated as an immunotherapeutic strategy, and nanotechnology-based delivery systems have emerged as powerful tools for improving immunotherapy and vaccine development. A number of nanodelivery systems have therefore been proposed to promote cancer immunotherapy. This work aims to design a novel immunotherapy nanoplatform for the treatment of HER2 + breast cancer, and specially tailored chitosan-shelled nanobubbles (NBs) have been developed for the delivery of a DNA vaccine. The NBs have been functionalized with anti-CD1a antibodies to target dendritic cells (DCs). The NB formulations possess dimensions of approximately 300 nm and positive surface charge, and also show good physical stability up to 6 months under storage at 4 °C. In vitro characterization has confirmed that these NBs are capable of loading DNA with good encapsulation efficiency (82%). The antiCD1a-functionalized NBs are designed to target DCs, and demonstrated the ability to induce DC activation in both human and mouse cell models, and also elicited a specific immune response that was capable of slowing tumor growth in mice in vivo. These findings are the proof of concept that loading a tumor vaccine into DC-targeted chitosan nanobubbles may become an attractive nanotechnology approach for the future immunotherapeutic treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Argenziano
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Sergio Occhipinti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Scomparin
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Costanza Angelini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Soster
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Mirella Giovarelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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6
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Zhang Y, Guoqiang L, Sun M, Lu X. Targeting and exploitation of tumor-associated neutrophils to enhance immunotherapy and drug delivery for cancer treatment. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 17:32-43. [PMID: 32296575 PMCID: PMC7142839 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes in human blood, are essential fighter immune cells against microbial infection. Based on the finding that neutrophils can either restrict or promote cancer progression, tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) are classified into anti-tumor N1 and pro-tumor N2 subsets. One of the major mechanisms underlying the tumor-promoting function of N2-TANs is suppression of adaptive immune cells, in particular, cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Currently, no established methodologies are available that can unequivocally distinguish immunosuppressive TANs and granulocytic/polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G/PMN-MDSC). In view of the critical role of PMN-MDSCs in immune evasion and resistance to cancer immunotherapy, as established from data obtained with diverse cancer models, therapeutic strategies targeting these cells have been actively developed to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. Here, we have reviewed the available literature on strategies targeting PMN-MDSCs and summarized the findings into four categories: (1) depletion of existing PMN-MDSCs, (2) blockade of the development of PMN-MDSCs, (3) blockade of PMN-MDSC recruitment, (4) inhibition of immunosuppressive function. Owing to their high mobility to inflamed organs and ability to trespass the blood-brain barrier, neutrophils are outstanding candidate carriers in nanoparticle-based therapies. Another attractive application of neutrophils in cancer therapy is the use of neutrophil membrane-derived nanovesicles as a surrogate of extracellular vesicles for more efficient and scalable drug delivery. In the second part of the review, we have highlighted recent advances in the field of neutrophil-based cancer drug delivery. Overall, we believe that neutrophil-based therapeutics are a rapidly growing area of cancer therapy with significant potential benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.,Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Liu Guoqiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.,Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Miaomiao Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.,Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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7
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Peng X, Wang J, Zhou F, Liu Q, Zhang Z. Nanoparticle-based approaches to target the lymphatic system for antitumor treatment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5139-5161. [PMID: 33963442 PMCID: PMC11072902 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have been established as safe and efficient modalities for numerous tumor treatments. The lymphatic system, which is an important system, can modulate the immune system via a complex network, which includes lymph nodes, vessels, and lymphocytes. With the deepening understanding of tumor immunology, a plethora of immunotherapies, which include vaccines, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy, have been established for antitumor treatments. However, the deleterious off-target effects and nonspecific targeting of therapeutic agents result in low efficacy of immunotherapy. Fortunately, nanoparticle-based approaches for targeting the lymphatic system afford a unique opportunity to manufacture drugs that can simultaneously tackle both aspects, thereby improving tumor treatments. Over the past decades, great strides have been made in the development of DC vaccines and nanomedicine as antitumor treatments in the field of lymphatic therapeutics and diagnosis. In this review, we summarize the current strategies through which nanoparticle technology has been designed to target the lymphatic system and describe applications of lymphatic imaging for the diagnosis and image-guided surgery of tumor metastasis. Moreover, improvements in the tumor specificity of nanovaccines and medicines, which have been realized through targeting or stimulating the lymphatic system, can provide amplified antitumor immune responses and reduce side effects, thereby promoting the paradigm of antitumor treatment into the clinic to benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhou Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Feifan Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
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8
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Ashford MB, England RM, Akhtar N. Highway to Success—Developing Advanced Polymer Therapeutics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne B. Ashford
- Advanced Drug Delivery Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Macclesfield SK10 2NA UK
| | - Richard M. England
- Advanced Drug Delivery Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Macclesfield SK10 2NA UK
| | - Nadim Akhtar
- New Modalities & Parenteral Development Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Macclesfield SK10 2NA UK
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9
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Xiang X, Wang J, Lu D, Xu X. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages to synergize tumor immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:75. [PMID: 33619259 PMCID: PMC7900181 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The current treatment strategies in advanced malignancies remain limited. Notably, immunotherapies have raised hope for a successful control of these advanced diseases, but their therapeutic responses are suboptimal and vary considerably among individuals. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are often correlated with poor prognosis and therapy resistance, including immunotherapies. Thus, a deeper understanding of the complex roles of TAMs in immunotherapy regulation could provide new insight into the TME. Furthermore, targeting of TAMs is an emerging field of interest due to the hope that these strategies will synergize with current immunotherapies. In this review, we summarize recent studies investigating the involvement of TAMs in immune checkpoint inhibition, tumor vaccines and adoptive cell transfer therapies, and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting TAMs as an adjuvant therapy in tumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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10
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Li J, Kataoka K. Chemo-physical Strategies to Advance the in Vivo Functionality of Targeted Nanomedicine: The Next Generation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:538-559. [PMID: 33370092 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed an evolution of nanomedicine from biologically inert entities to more smart systems, aimed at advancing in vivo functionality. However, we should recognize that most systems still rely on reasonable explanation-including some over-explanation-rather than definitive evidence, which is a watershed radically determining the speed and extent of advancing nanomedicine. Probing nano-bio interactions and desirable functionality at the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels is most frequently overlooked. Progress toward answering these questions will provide instructive insight guiding more effective chemo-physical strategies. Thus, in the next generation, we argue that much effort should be made to provide definitive evidence for proof-of-mechanism, in lieu of creating many new and complicated systems for similar proof-of-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicne, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicne, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan.,Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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11
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Zhao YD, Muhetaerjiang M, An HW, Fang X, Zhao Y, Wang H. Nanomedicine enables spatiotemporally regulating macrophage-based cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120552. [PMID: 33307365 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, leveraging the host's coordinated immune system to fight against tumor has been clinically validated. However, the modest response owing to the multiple ways of tumor immune evasion is one of the challenges in cancer immunotherapy. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), as a major component of the leukocytes infiltrating in all tumors, play crucial roles in driving cancer initiation, progress and metastasis via multiple mechanisms such as mediating chronic inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, taming protective immune responses, and supporting migration and intravasation. TAMs targeted therapeutics have achieved remarkable successes in clinical trials mostly through the use of small-molecule agents and antibodies. However, efforts for further application have met with challenges of limited efficacy and safety. Nanomaterials can provide versatile approaches to realize the superior spatiotemporal control over immunomodulation to amplify immune responses, ultimately enhancing the therapeutic benefits and reducing toxicity. Here, the potential drugs used in TAM-centered cancer treatment in clinic are summarized and the recent advances of TAMs targeted nanomedicines in this filed are highlighted. More importantly, we focus on how nanomedicine can exert their advantages in spatial and temporal control of immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Dan Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, 030009, PR China
| | - Mamuti Muhetaerjiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong, 510700, PR China
| | - Hong-Wei An
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong, 510700, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, PR China; GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong, 510700, PR China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, PR China; GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong, 510700, PR China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
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12
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Cui L, Yang G, Ye J, Yao Y, Lu G, Chen J, Fang L, Lu S, Zhou J. Dioscin elicits anti-tumour immunity by inhibiting macrophage M2 polarization via JNK and STAT3 pathways in lung cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9217-9230. [PMID: 32618105 PMCID: PMC7417694 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour‐associated macrophage (TAM) is an important component in tumour microenvironment. Generally, TAM exhibits the function of M2‐like macrophage, which was closely related to angiogenesis and tumour progression. Dioscin, a natural steroidal saponin, has shown its powerful anti‐tumour activity recently. However, the mechanism of dioscin involved in immune regulation is still obscure. Here, we observed dioscin induced macrophage M2‐to‐M1 phenotype transition in vitro and inhibited IL‐10 secretion. Meanwhile, the phagocytosis of macrophages was enhanced. In subcutaneous lung tumour models, dioscin inhibited the augmentation of M2 macrophage populations. Furthermore, dioscin down‐regulated STAT3 and JNK signalling pathways in macrophages in vitro. In BMDMs, activating JNK and inhibiting STAT3 induce macrophages to M1 polarization while inhibiting JNK and activating STAT3 to M2 polarization. Additionally, condition mediums from dioscin‐pre‐treated macrophages inhibited the migration of 3LL cells and the tube‐formation capacity of HUVECs. What's more, dioscin‐mediated macrophage polarization inhibited the in vivo metastasis of 3LL cells. In conclusion, dioscin may act as a new anti‐tumour agent by inhibiting TAMs via JNK and STAT3 pathways in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyun Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangdie Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiani Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinan Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjun Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangjie Fang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Mundry CS, Eberle KC, Singh PK, Hollingsworth MA, Mehla K. Local and systemic immunosuppression in pancreatic cancer: Targeting the stalwarts in tumor's arsenal. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188387. [PMID: 32579889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Late detection, compromised immune system, and chemotherapy resistance underlie the poor patient prognosis for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, making it the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Cooperation between the tumor cells and the immune system leads to the immune escape and eventual establishment of the tumor. For more than 20 years, sincere efforts have been made to intercept the tumor-immune crosstalk and identify the probable therapeutic targets for breaking self-tolerance toward tumor antigens. However, the success of these studies depends on detailed examination and understanding of tumor-immune cell interactions, not only in the primary tumor but also at distant systemic niches. Innate and adaptive arms of the immune system sculpt tumor immunogenicity, where they not only aid in providing an amenable environment for their survival but also act as a driver for tumor relapse at primary or distant organ sites. This review article highlights the key events associated with tumor-immune communication and associated immunosuppression at both local and systemic microenvironments in PDAC. Furthermore, we discuss the approaches and benefits of targeting both local and systemic immunosuppression for PDAC patients. The present articles integrate data from clinical and genetic mouse model studies to provide a widespread consensus on the role of local and systemic immunosuppression in undermining the anti-tumor immune responses against PDAC.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity/drug effects
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow/drug effects
- Bone Marrow/immunology
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/mortality
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Combined Modality Therapy/methods
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease-Free Survival
- Fluorouracil/pharmacology
- Fluorouracil/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Irinotecan/pharmacology
- Irinotecan/therapeutic use
- Leucovorin/pharmacology
- Leucovorin/therapeutic use
- Lymph Node Excision
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/surgery
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods
- Oxaliplatin/pharmacology
- Oxaliplatin/therapeutic use
- Pancreas/immunology
- Pancreas/pathology
- Pancreas/surgery
- Pancreatectomy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/pathology
- Spleen/surgery
- Splenectomy
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Transplantation, Autologous/methods
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- United States/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara S Mundry
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Kirsten C Eberle
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Kamiya Mehla
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA.
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14
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Neophytou CM, Pierides C, Christodoulou MI, Costeas P, Kyriakou TC, Papageorgis P. The Role of Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells in Modulating Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:899. [PMID: 32656079 PMCID: PMC7325995 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells include various cellular subtypes that are distinguished into mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells, derived from either common myeloid progenitor cells (CMPs) or myeloid stem cells. They play pivotal roles in innate immunity since, following invasion by pathogens, myeloid cells are recruited and initiate phagocytosis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines into local tissues. Moreover, mounting evidence suggests that myeloid cells may also regulate cancer development by infiltrating the tumor to directly interact with cancer cells or by affecting the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, mononuclear phagocytes, including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), can have either a positive or negative impact on the efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy as well as targeted anti-cancer therapies. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), profusely found in the tumor stroma, can promote resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, such as Taxol and Paclitaxel, whereas the suppression of TAMs can lead to an improved radiotherapy outcome. On the contrary, the presence of TAMs may be beneficial for targeted therapies as they can facilitate the accumulation of large quantities of nanoparticles carrying therapeutic compounds. Tumor infiltrating DCs, however, are generally thought to enhance cytotoxic therapies, including those using anthracyclines. This review focuses on the role of tumor-infiltrating and stroma myeloid cells in modulating tumor responses to various treatments. We herein report the impact of myeloid cells in a number of therapeutic approaches across a wide range of malignancies, as well as the efforts toward the elimination of myeloid cells or the exploitation of their presence for the enhancement of therapeutic efficacy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana M Neophytou
- European University Research Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chryso Pierides
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Paul Costeas
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus Cancer Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Panagiotis Papageorgis
- European University Research Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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15
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Shetab Boushehri MA, Dietrich D, Lamprecht A. Nanotechnology as a Platform for the Development of Injectable Parenteral Formulations: A Comprehensive Review of the Know-Hows and State of the Art. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060510. [PMID: 32503171 PMCID: PMC7356945 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Within recent decades, the development of nanotechnology has made a significant contribution to the progress of various fields of study, including the domains of medical and pharmaceutical sciences. A substantially transformed arena within the context of the latter is the development and production of various injectable parenteral formulations. Indeed, recent decades have witnessed a rapid growth of the marketed and pipeline nanotechnology-based injectable products, which is a testimony to the remarkability of the aforementioned contribution. Adjunct to the ability of nanomaterials to deliver the incorporated payloads to many different targets of interest, nanotechnology has substantially assisted to the development of many further facets of the art. Such contributions include the enhancement of the drug solubility, development of long-acting locally and systemically injectable formulations, tuning the onset of the drug’s release through the endowment of sensitivity to various internal or external stimuli, as well as adjuvancy and immune activation, which is a desirable component for injectable vaccines and immunotherapeutic formulations. The current work seeks to provide a comprehensive review of all the abovementioned contributions, along with the most recent advances made within each domain. Furthermore, recent developments within the domains of passive and active targeting will be briefly debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam A. Shetab Boushehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-736428; Fax: +49-228-735268
| | - Dirk Dietrich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
- PEPITE EA4267, Institute of Pharmacy, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
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16
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Li Z, Zheng Z, Li C, Li Z, Wu J, Zhang B. Therapeutic drugs and drug delivery systems targeting stromal cells for cancer therapy: a review. J Drug Target 2020; 28:714-726. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1744157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zengjuan Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chenglei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jingliang Wu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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17
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Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of the immune system in cancer is now a clinical reality and marked successes have been achieved, most notably through the use of checkpoint blockade antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy. However, efforts to develop new immunotherapy agents or combination treatments to increase the proportion of patients who benefit have met with challenges of limited efficacy and/or significant toxicity. Nanomedicines - therapeutics composed of or formulated in carrier materials typically smaller than 100 nm - were originally developed to increase the uptake of chemotherapy agents by tumours and to reduce their off-target toxicity. Here, we discuss how nanomedicine-based treatment strategies are well suited to immunotherapy on the basis of nanomaterials' ability to direct immunomodulators to tumours and lymphoid organs, to alter the way biologics engage with target immune cells and to accumulate in myeloid cells in tumours and systemic compartments. We also discuss early efforts towards clinical translation of nanomedicine-based immunotherapy.
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18
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Anfray C, Mainini F, Andón FT. Nanoparticles for immunotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-102828-5.00011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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19
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Zins K, Abraham D. Cancer Immunotherapy: Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages by Gene Silencing. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2115:289-325. [PMID: 32006408 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0290-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are representing a major leukocyte population in solid tumors. Macrophages are very heterogeneous and plastic cells and can acquire distinct functional phenotypes ranging from antitumorigenic to immunosuppressive tumor-promoting M2-like TAMs, depending on the local tissue microenvironment (TME). TAMs express cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) modifying factors, and the cross talk with the TME regulates pathways involved in the recruitment, polarization, and metabolism of TAMs during tumor progression. Due to their crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis, selective targeting of TAM for the treatment of cancer with therapeutic agents that promote phagocytosis or suppress survival, proliferation, trafficking, or polarization of TAMs may prove to be beneficial in cancer therapy. In this chapter, we will discuss TAM biology and current strategies for the targeting of TAMs using small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based drugs. In the past few years, advances in the field of nanomedicine pave the way for the development of siRNA-based drugs as an additional class of personalized cancer immuno-nanomedicines. Fundamental challenges associated with this group of therapeutics include the development process, delivery system, and clinical translation for siRNA-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Zins
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Abraham
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Nanotechnology is an important strategy for combinational innovative chemo-immunotherapies against colorectal cancer. J Control Release 2019; 307:108-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Challenges of using lipopolysaccharides for cancer immunotherapy and potential delivery-based solutions thereto. Ther Deliv 2019; 10:165-187. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2018-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being one of the earliest Toll-like receptor (TLR)-based cancer immunotherapeutics discovered and investigated, the full extent of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) potentials within this arena remains hitherto unexploited. In this review, we will debate the challenges that have complicated the improvement of LPS-based immunotherapeutic approaches in cancer therapy. Based on their nature, those will be discussed with a focus on side effect-related, tolerance-related and in vivo model-related challenges. We will then explore how drug delivery strategies can be integrated within this domain to address such challenges in order to improve the therapeutic outcome, and will present a summary of the studies that have been dedicated thereto. This paper may inspire further developments based on reconciling the advantages of drug delivery and LPS-based cancer immunotherapy.
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22
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Carbonell E, Martinez-Camarena A, Galiana-Rosello C, Inclan M, Tejero R, Yunta MJR, Navarro P, Gomez-Contreras F, Sanz AM, Campayo L, Cano MC, García-España E, González-García J. Acid–base behaviour and binding to double stranded DNA/RNA of benzo[g]phthalazine-based ligands. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05039b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[g]phthalazine derivatives show different binding modes and base selectivity towards canonical DNA/RNA depending on the substitution of the aromatic moiety.
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23
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Ledo AM, Sasso MS, Bronte V, Marigo I, Boyd BJ, Garcia-Fuentes M, Alonso MJ. Co-delivery of RNAi and chemokine by polyarginine nanocapsules enables the modulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Control Release 2018; 295:60-73. [PMID: 30593832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs), immunosuppressive cells that promote tumor growth, represent an attractive target in cancer immunotherapy. However, the clinical success of this strategy is limited by the lack of efficient drug delivery vehicles targeting this cell compartment. The objective of this work was to develop a delivery carrier, multilayer polymer nanocapsules, with the capacity to co-encapsulate two types of immunomodulatory drugs, a chemokine and an RNAi sequence, aimed at reverting MDSC-mediated immunosuppression. The chemokine CCL2, intended to attract monocyte-macrophage MDSCs, was encapsulated within the L2 inverse micellar aqueous domains of the lipid core of these nanocapsules. On the other hand, two different RNAi sequences that modulate the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) pathway, shC/EBPβ and miR 142-3p, were successfully associated to their polymer shell. These RNAi sequences were covered by subsequent layers of polyarginine and hyaluronic acid, thereby creating multi-layered assemblies that protected them and facilitated their targeted delivery. The in vitro studies performed in primary MDSCs cultures showed the capacity of miR 142-3p-loaded nanocapsules to reduce the highly immunosuppressive monocyte-macrophage subset. Additionally, the encapsulation of CCL2 within the nanocapsules induced a potent monocyte-macrophage chemoattraction that could be used to direct the therapy to these cell subsets. Finally, in vitro and in vivo studies showed the capacity of shC/EBPβ-loaded nanocapsules to downregulate C/EBPβ levels in MDSCs and to reduce monocyte differentiation into tumor-associated macrophages in an MCA-203 fibrosarcoma mice model. In conclusion, the multilayer polymer nanocapsules described here are efficient vehicles for the co-delivery of proteins and RNA, and are potential candidates as nanomedicines for the modulation of MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Ledo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, CIMUS Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria S Sasso
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marigo
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Ben J Boyd
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Marcos Garcia-Fuentes
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, CIMUS Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María J Alonso
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, CIMUS Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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24
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Zöller M. Janus-Faced Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Exosomes for the Good and the Bad in Cancer and Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:137. [PMID: 29456536 PMCID: PMC5801414 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells originally described to hamper immune responses in chronic infections. Meanwhile, they are known to be a major obstacle in cancer immunotherapy. On the other hand, MDSC can interfere with allogeneic transplant rejection and may dampen autoreactive T cell activity. Whether MDSC-Exosomes (Exo) can cope with the dangerous and potentially therapeutic activities of MDSC is not yet fully explored. After introducing MDSC and Exo, it will be discussed, whether a blockade of MDSC-Exo could foster the efficacy of immunotherapy in cancer and mitigate tumor progression supporting activities of MDSC. It also will be outlined, whether application of native or tailored MDSC-Exo might prohibit autoimmune disease progression. These considerations are based on the steadily increasing knowledge on Exo composition, their capacity to distribute throughout the organism combined with selectivity of targeting, and the ease to tailor Exo and includes open questions that answers will facilitate optimizing protocols for a MDSC-Exo blockade in cancer as well as for strengthening their therapeutic efficacy in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Zöller
- Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Andón FT, Digifico E, Maeda A, Erreni M, Mantovani A, Alonso MJ, Allavena P. Targeting tumor associated macrophages: The new challenge for nanomedicine. Semin Immunol 2017; 34:103-113. [PMID: 28941641 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The engineering of new nanomedicines with ability to target and kill or re-educate Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs) stands up as a promising strategy to induce the effective switching of the tumor-promoting immune suppressive microenvironment, characteristic of tumors rich in macrophages, to one that kills tumor cells, is anti-angiogenic and promotes adaptive immune responses. Alternatively, the loading of monocytes/macrophages in blood circulation with nanomedicines, may be used to profit from the high infiltration ability of myeloid cells and to allow the drug release in the bulk of the tumor. In addition, the development of TAM-targeted imaging nanostructures, can be used to study the macrophage content in solid tumors and, hence, for a better diagnosis and prognosis of cancer disease. The major challenges for the effective targeting of TAM with nanomedicines and their application in the clinic have already been identified. These challenges are associated to the undesirable clearance of nanomedicines by, the mononuclear phagocyte system (macrophages) in competing organs (liver, lung or spleen), upon their intravenous injection; and also to the difficult penetration of nanomedicines across solid tumors due to the abnormal vasculature and the excessive extracellular matrix present in stromal tumors. In this review we describe the recent nanotechnology-base strategies that have been developed to target macrophages in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Torres Andón
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via A. Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Elisabeth Digifico
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via A. Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas University, Via A. Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Akihiro Maeda
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via A. Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Erreni
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via A. Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via A. Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas University, Via A. Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - María José Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paola Allavena
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via A. Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Cadete A, Alonso MJ. Targeting cancer with hyaluronic acid-based nanocarriers: recent advances and translational perspectives. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2341-57. [PMID: 27526874 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid is a natural polysaccharide that has been widely explored for the development of anticancer therapies due to its ability to target cancer cells. Moreover, advances made in the last decade have revealed the versatility of this biomaterial in the design of multifunctional carriers, intended for the delivery of a variety of bioactive molecules, including polynucleotides, immunomodulatory drugs and imaging agents. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the major recent achievements in this field, highlighting the application of the newly developed nanostructures in combination therapies, immunomodulation and theranostics. Finally, we will discuss the main challenges and technological advances that will allow these carriers to be considered as candidates for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cadete
- NanoBioFar Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Avenida Barcelona s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María José Alonso
- NanoBioFar Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Avenida Barcelona s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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