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Qureshi AA, Khan DA, Mushtaq S, Ye SQ, Xiong M, Qureshi N. δ-Tocotrienol feeding modulates gene expression of EIF2, mTOR, protein ubiquitination through multiple-signaling pathways in chronic hepatitis C patients. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:167. [PMID: 30031388 PMCID: PMC6054847 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background δ-Tocotrienol is a naturally occurring proteasome inhibitor, which has the capacity to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in several cancer cells obtained from several organs of humans, and other cancer cell lines. Moreover, results of plasma total mRNAs after δ-tocotrienol feeding to hepatitis C patients revealed significant inhibition in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, VCAM1, proteasome subunits) and induction in the expression of ICAM1 and IFN-γ after post-treatment. This down-regulation of proteasome subunits leads to autophagy, apoptosis of immune cells and several genes. The present study describes RNA-sequence analysis of plasma total mRNAs obtained from δ-tocotrienol treatment of hepatitis C patients on gene expression regulated by proteasome. Methods Pooled specimens of plasma total mRNAs of pre-dose versus post-dose of δ-tocotrienol treatment of hepatitis C patients were submitted to RNA-sequence analyses. The data based on > 1 and 8-fold expression changes of 2136 genes were uploaded into “Ingenuity Pathway Analyses (IPA)” for core analysis, which describes possible canonical pathways, upstream regulators, diseases and functional metabolic networks. Results The IPA of “molecules” indicated fold change in gene expression of 953 molecules, which covered several categories of biological biomarkers. Out of these, gene expression of 220 related to present study, 12 were up-regulated, and 208 down-regulated after δ-tocotrienol treatment. The gene expression of transcription regulators (ceramide synthase 3 and Mohawk homeobox) were up-regulated, and gene expression of 208 molecules were down-regulated, involved in several biological functions (HSP90AB1, PSMC3, CYB5R4, NDUFB1, CYP2R1, TNFRF1B, VEGFA, GPR65, PIAS1, SFPQ, GPS2, EIF3F, GTPBP8, EIF4A1, HSPA14, TLR8, TUSSC2). IPA of “causal network” indicated gene regulators (676), in which 76 down-regulated (26 s proteasomes, interleukin cytokines, and PPAR-ligand-PPA-Retinoic acid-RXRα, PPARγ-ligand-PPARγ-Retinoic acid-RARα, IL-21, IL-23) with significant P-values. The IPA of “diseases and functions” regulators (85) were involved with cAMP, STAT2, 26S proteasome, CSF1, IFNγ, LDL, TGFA, and microRNA-155-5p, miR-223, miR-21-5p. The IPA of “upstream analysis” (934) showed 57 up-regulated (mainly 38 microRNAs) and 64 gene regulators were down-regulated (IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, IL-21, IL-24, IL-27, IL-32), interferon β-1a, interferon γ, TNF-α, STAT2, NOX1, prostaglandin J2, NF-κB, 1κB, TCF3, and also miRNA-15, miRNA-124, miRNA-218-5P with significant activation of Z-Score (P < 0.05). Conclusions This is first report describing RNA-sequence analysis of δ-tocotrienol treated plasma total mRNAs obtained from chronic hepatitis C patients, that acts via multiple-signaling pathways without any side-effects. These studies may lead to development of novel classes of drugs for treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-018-0804-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf A Qureshi
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
| | - Dilshad A Khan
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 64000, Pakistan
| | - Shahida Mushtaq
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 64000, Pakistan
| | - Shui Qing Ye
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.,Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Childern's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Min Xiong
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.,Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Childern's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Nilofer Qureshi
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.,Pharmacology/Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
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Kim HS, Jung YY, Do SI. Hepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase expression increases upon exposure to hypergravity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [PMID: 25296355 PMCID: PMC4230283 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation by a number of conditions, including infection, cytokines, mechanical
injury, and hypoxia, can upregulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in
hepatocytes. We observed that exposure to hypergravity significantly upregulated the
transcription of the hepatic iNOS gene. The aim of this study was to
confirm our preliminary data, and to further investigate the distribution of the iNOS
protein in the livers of mice exposed to hypergravity. ICR mice were exposed to +3 Gz
for 1 h. We investigated the time course of change in the iNOS expression. Hepatic
iNOS mRNA expression progressively increased in centrifuged mice from 0 to 12 h, and
then decreased rapidly by 18 h. iNOS mRNA levels in the livers of centrifuged mice
was significantly higher at 3, 6, and 12 h than in uncentrifuged control mice. The
pattern of iNOS protein expression paralleled that of the mRNA expression. At 0 and 1
h, weak cytoplasmic iNOS immunoreactivity was found in some hepatocytes surrounding
terminal hepatic venules. It was noted that at 6 h there was an increase in the
number of perivenular hepatocytes with moderate to strong cytoplasmic
immunoreactivity. The number of iNOS-positive hepatocytes was maximally increased at
12 h. The majority of positively stained cells showed a strong intensity of iNOS
expression. The expression levels of iNOS mRNA and protein were significantly
increased in the livers of mice exposed to hypergravity. These results suggest that
exposure to hypergravity significantly upregulates iNOS at both transcriptional and
translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y Y Jung
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S I Do
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Ferreiro CR, Chagas ACP, Carvalho MHC, Dantas AP, Scavone C, Souza LCB, Buffolo E, da Luz PL. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase is increased in patients with heart failure due to ischemic disease. Braz J Med Biol Res 2004; 37:1313-20. [PMID: 15334196 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2004000900005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and heart failure in cardiac tissue from patients with and without cardiac decompensation. Right atrial tissue was excised from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35% (N = 10), and from patients with CAD and LVEF >60% (N = 10) during cardiac surgery. NOS activity was measured by the conversion of L-[H(3)]-arginine to L-[H(3)]-citrulline. Gene expression was quantified by the competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Both endothelial NOS (eNOS) activity and expression were significantly reduced in failing hearts compared to non-failing hearts: 0.36 +/- 0.18 vs 1.51 +/- 0.31 pmol mg-1 min-1 (P < 0.0001) and 0.37 +/- 0.08 vs 0.78 +/- 0.09 relative cDNA absorbance at 320 nm (P < 0.0001), respectively. In contrast, inducible NOS (iNOS) activity and expression were significantly higher in failing hearts than in non-failing hearts: 4.00 +/- 0.90 vs 1.54 +/- 0.65 pmol mg-1 min-1 (P < 0.0001) and 2.19 +/- 0.27 vs 1.43 +/- 0.13 cDNA absorbance at 320 nm (P < 0.0001), respectively. We conclude that heart failure down-regulates both eNOS activity and expression in cardiac tissue from patients with LVEF <35%. In contrast, iNOS activity and expression are increased in failing hearts and may represent an alternative mechanism for nitric oxide production in heart failure due to ischemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Ferreiro
- Hospital do Coração, Associação do Sanatório Sírio, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Ferreiro CR, Chagas AC, Carvalho MH, Dantas AP, Jatene MB, Bento De Souza LC, Lemos Da Luz P. Influence of hypoxia on nitric oxide synthase activity and gene expression in children with congenital heart disease: a novel pathophysiological adaptive mechanism. Circulation 2001; 103:2272-6. [PMID: 11342476 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.103.18.2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hypoxia has been shown to modulate nitric oxide (NO) responses in different cell models, but the relationship between hypoxia and NO synthase (NOS) regulation in humans was not studied. We studied the relationship between endothelial and inducible NOS (eNOS and iNOS) activities and expression and chronic hypoxia in children with cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart defects. METHODS AND RESULTS Right atrial tissue was excised from 18 patients during cardiac surgery. eNOS and iNOS activities were measured by conversion of L-[H(3)]arginine to L-[H(3)]citrulline. Gene expression of eNOS and iNOS was quantified by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The eNOS activity and expression were significantly reduced in cyanotic hearts compared with acyanotic hearts: 0.38+/-0.14 versus 1.06+/-0.11 pmol. mg(-1). min(-1) (P<0.0001) and 0.54+/-0.08 versus 0.80+/-0.10 relative optical density (ROD) of cDNA (P<0.0001), respectively. In contrast, iNOS activity and expression were significantly higher in cyanotic than in acyanotic children: 7.04+/-1.20 versus 4.17+/-1.10 pmol. mg(-1). min(-1) (P<0.0001) and 2.55+/-0.11 versus 1.91+/-0.18 ROD of cDNA (P<0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia downregulates eNOS activity and gene expression in cardiac tissue from patients with cyanotic congenital heart defects. By contrast, iNOS activity and expression are increased in cyanotic children and may represent an alternative mechanism to counteract the effects of hypoxia in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, a novel adaptive mechanism during hypoxia is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Ferreiro
- Atherosclerosis Unit, Heart Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Premaratne S, Xue C, McCarty JM, Zaki M, McCuen RW, Johns RA, Schepp W, Neu B, Lippman R, Melone PD, Schubert ML. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase: expression in rat parietal cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2001; 280:G308-13. [PMID: 11208555 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.2001.280.2.g308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are enzymes that catalyze the generation of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine and require nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as a cofactor. At least three isoforms of NOS have been identified: neuronal NOS (nNOS or NOS I), inducible NOS (iNOS or NOS II), and endothelial NOS (eNOS or NOS II). Recent studies implicate NO in the regulation of gastric acid secretion. The aim of the present study was to localize the cellular distribution and characterize the isoform of NOS present in oxyntic mucosa. Oxyntic mucosal segments from rat stomach were stained by the NADPH-diaphorase reaction and with isoform-specific NOS antibodies. The expression of NOS in isolated, highly enriched (>98%) rat parietal cells was examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and RT-PCR. In oxyntic mucosa, histochemical staining revealed NADPH-diaphorase and nNOS immunoreactivity in cells in the midportion of the glands, which were identified as parietal cells in hematoxylin and eosin-stained step sections. In isolated parietal cells, decisive evidence for nNOS expression was obtained by specific immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and RT-PCR. Cloning and sequence analysis of the PCR product confirmed it to be nNOS (100% identity). Expression of nNOS in parietal cells suggests that endogenous NO, acting as an intracellular signaling molecule, may participate in the regulation of gastric acid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Premaratne
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia-Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23249, USA
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