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Lee S, Kim SY, Lee S, Jang S, Hwang ST, Kwon Y, Choi J, Kwon O. Ganoderma lucidum extract attenuates corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced cellular senescence in human hair follicle cells. iScience 2024; 27:109675. [PMID: 38706837 PMCID: PMC11068553 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a key mediator in stress-induced hair growth inhibition. Here, we investigated the impact of stress-induced senescence and evaluated the potential of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) extract in mitigating CRH-induced senescence in human hair follicle cells (hHFCs). We show that CRH treatment increased the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-GAL) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in hHFCs and suppressed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and anagen-inducing genes. However, GL extract restored ALP activity and decreased the expression levels of anagen-related genes in CRH-treated hHFCs. It decreased SA-β-GAL activity, reduced ROS production, and prevented the phosphorylation of MAPK signaling pathways in CRH-related stress response. Moreover, GL reversed the CRH-induced inhibition of two-cell assemblage (TCA) elongation and Ki67 expression. GL extract attenuates stress-induced hair follicular senescence by delaying catagen entry and scavenging ROS. Our findings suggest that GL extract could be used for treating stress-induced hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhyoung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Sunhyae Jang
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | | | - Youngji Kwon
- R&I Center, COSMAX BTI, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jaehwan Choi
- R&I Center, COSMAX BTI, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ohsang Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
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Koukoulis GN, Filiponi M, Gougoura S, Befani C, Liakos P, Bargiota Α. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone modulate the redox homeostasis of endothelium. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:660-670. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George N Koukoulis
- Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly41500BiopolisLarissaGreece
| | - Maria Filiponi
- Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly41500BiopolisLarissaGreece
| | - Sofia Gougoura
- Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly41500BiopolisLarissaGreece
| | - Christina Befani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly41500BiopolisLarissaGreece
| | - Panagiotis Liakos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly41500BiopolisLarissaGreece
| | - Αlexandra Bargiota
- Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly41500BiopolisLarissaGreece
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Bell RL, Withers GS, Kuypers FA, Stehr W, Bhargava A. Stress and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) promote necrotizing enterocolitis in a formula-fed neonatal rat model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246412. [PMID: 34111125 PMCID: PMC8191945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is not known. Alterations in gut microbiome, mucosal barrier function, immune cell activation, and blood flow are characterized events in its development, with stress as a contributing factor. The hormone corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a key mediator of stress responses and influences these aforementioned processes. CRF signaling is modulated by NEC's main risk factors of prematurity and formula feeding. Using an established neonatal rat model of NEC, we tested hypotheses that: (i) increased CRF levels-as seen during stress-promote NEC in formula-fed (FF) newborn rats, and (ii) antagonism of CRF action ameliorates NEC. Newborn pups were formula-fed to initiate gut inflammation and randomized to: no stress, no stress with subcutaneous CRF administration, stress (acute hypoxia followed by cold exposure-NEC model), or stress after pretreatment with the CRF peptide antagonist Astressin. Dam-fed unstressed and stressed littermates served as controls. NEC incidence and severity in the terminal ileum were determined using a histologic scoring system. Changes in CRF, CRF receptor (CRFRs), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression levels were determined by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting, respectively. Stress exposure in FF neonates resulted in 40.0% NEC incidence, whereas exogenous CRF administration resulted in 51.7% NEC incidence compared to 8.7% in FF non-stressed neonates (p<0.001). Astressin prevented development of NEC in FF-stressed neonates (7.7% vs. 40.0%; p = 0.003). CRF and CRFR immunoreactivity increased in the ileum of neonates with NEC compared to dam-fed controls or FF unstressed pups. Immunoblotting confirmed increased TLR4 protein levels in FF stressed (NEC model) animals vs. controls, and Astressin treatment restored TLR4 to control levels. Peripheral CRF may serve as specific pharmacologic target for the prevention and treatment of NEC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Rats
- Animals, Newborn
- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/metabolism
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/pathology
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/prevention & control
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/etiology
- Ileum/metabolism
- Ileum/pathology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors
- Stress, Physiological
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Bell
- East Bay Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Benioff Children’s Hospital, Oakland, California, United States of America
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
- The Permanente Medical Group, Department of Surgery, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America
| | - Ginger S. Withers
- Department of Biology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington, United States of America
| | - Frans A. Kuypers
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
- UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Stehr
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
- UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Aditi Bhargava
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Cao C, Zhou J, Wu X, Qian Y, Hong Y, Mu J, Jin L, Zhu C, Li S. Activation of CRHR1 contributes to cerebral endothelial barrier impairment via cPLA2 phosphorylation in experimental ischemic stroke. Cell Signal 2020; 66:109467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Filiponi M, Gougoura SG, Befani C, Bargiota Α, Liakos P, Koukoulis GN. 17-β estradiol attenuates the pro-oxidant activity of corticotropin-releasing hormone in macroendothelial cells. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:1407-1415. [PMID: 31141240 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone, which is the predominant regulator of neuroendocrine responses to stress, attenuates inflammation through stimulation of glucocorticoid release. Enhanced corticotropin-releasing hormone expression has been detected in inflammatory cells of the vascular endothelium, where it acts as a local regulator of endothelial redox homeostasis. Estrogens have beneficial effects on endothelial integrity and function, though the mechanism underlying their antioxidative effect remains as yet largely unknown. We therefore investigated the effect of 17β-estradiol on pro-oxidant action of corticotropin-releasing hormone in vitro in macroendothelial cells, and, more specifically, the role of 17β-estradiol on corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced activities/release of the antioxidant enzymes namely, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione. We observed that 17β-estradiol abolished the stimulatory effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone on intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and counteracted its inhibitory effect on endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and nitric oxide release. In addition, 17β-estradiol significantly induced superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, an effect that was not significantly influenced by corticotropin-releasing hormone. Finally, 17β-estradiol significantly increased glutathione levels and the glutathione/glutathione + glutathione disulfide ratio, an action that was partially blocked by corticotropin-releasing hormone. Our results reveal that 17β-estradiol counterbalances corticotropin-releasing hormone-mediated pro-inflammatory action and thereby maintains the physiological threshold of the endothelial cell redox environment. These observations may be of importance, considering the protective role of estrogen in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filiponi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Research Laboratory, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sofia G Gougoura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Research Laboratory, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christina Befani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Αlexandra Bargiota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Research Laboratory, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Liakos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - George N Koukoulis
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Research Laboratory, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
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Mocayar Marón FJ, Ferder L, Saraví FD, Manucha W. Hypertension linked to allostatic load: from psychosocial stress to inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Stress 2019; 22:169-181. [PMID: 30547701 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1542683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a large number of available treatments and strategies, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases continues to grow worldwide. Emerging evidence supports the notion of counteracting stress as a critical component of a comprehensive therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular disease. Indeed, an unhealthy lifestyle is a burden to biological variables such as plasma glucose, lipid profile, and blood pressure control. Recent findings identify allostatic load as a new paradigm for an integrated understanding of the importance of psychosocial stress and its impact on the development and maintenance of cardiovascular disease. Allostasis complement homeostasis and integrates behavioral and physiological mechanisms by which genes, early experiences, environment, lifestyle, diet, sleep, and physical exercise can modulate and adapt biological responses at the cellular level. For example, variability is a physiological characteristic of blood pressure necessary for survival and the allostatic load in hypertension can contribute to its related cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the current review will focus on the mechanisms that link hypertension to allostatic load, which includes psychosocial stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We will describe and discuss new insights on neuroendocrine-immune effects linked to allostatic load and its impact on the cellular and molecular responses; the links between allostatic load, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction; the epidemiological evidence supporting the pathophysiological origins of hypertension; and the biological embedding of allostatic load and hypertension with an emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feres José Mocayar Marón
- a Área de Química Biológica, Departamento de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - León Ferder
- b Department of Pediatrics , Nephrology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , FL , USA
| | - Fernando Daniel Saraví
- c Instituto de Fisiología, Departamento de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - Walter Manucha
- d Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
- e Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) , Mendoza , Argentina
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Tan XW, Ji CL, Zheng LL, Zhang J, Yuan HJ, Gong S, Zhu J, Tan JH. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone and corticosterone impair development of preimplantation embryos by inducing oviductal cell apoptosis via activating the Fas system: an in vitro study. Hum Reprod 2017; 32:1583-1597. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wen Tan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City 271018, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chang-Li Ji
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City 271018, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Liang-Liang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City 271018, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City 271018, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Hong-Jie Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City 271018, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Shuai Gong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City 271018, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City 271018, Shandong Province, PR China
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Zheng LL, Tan XW, Cui XZ, Yuan HJ, Li H, Jiao GZ, Ji CL, Tan JH. Preimplantation maternal stress impairs embryo development by inducing oviductal apoptosis with activation of the Fas system. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:778-790. [PMID: 27475493 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the mechanisms by which the preimplantation restraint stress (PIRS) impairs embryo development and pregnancy outcome? SUMMARY ANSWER PIRS impairs embryo development by triggering apoptosis in mouse oviducts and embryos,and this involves activation of the Fas system. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Although it is known that the early stages of pregnancy are more vulnerable than later stages to prenatalstress, studies on the effect of preimplantation stress on embryo developmentare limited. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which psychological stress impairs embryo development are largely unknown. These issues are worth exploring using the mouse PIRS models because restraint of mice is an efficient experimental procedure developed for studies of psychogenic stress. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE AND DURATION Mice of Kunming strain, the generalized lymphoproliferative disorder (gld) mice with a germline mutation F273L in FasL in a C57BL/6J genomic background and the wild-type C57BL/6J mice were used. Female and male mice were used 8-10 weeks and 10-12 weeks after birth, respectively. Female mice showing vaginal plugs were paired by weight and randomly assigned to restraint treatments or as controls. For restraint treatment, an individual mouse was put in a micro-cage with food and water available. Control mice remained in their cages with food and water during the time treated females were stressed. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Female mice were exposed to PIRS for 48 h starting from 16:00 on the day of vaginal plug detection. At the end of PIRS, levels of glucorticoids (GC), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)and redox potential were measured in serum, while levels of GC, GC receptor (GR), CRH, CRH receptor (CRHR), Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) protein, mRNAs for brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), oxidative stress (OS) and apoptosis were examined in oviducts. Preimplantation development and levels of GR, Fas, redox potential and apoptosis were observed in embryos recovered at different times after the initiation of PIRS. The gld mice were used to confirm a role for the Fas system in triggering apoptosis of embryos and oviducts. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Compared to those in control mice, while the number of blastocysts/mouse (5.0 ± 0.7 versus 11.1 ± 0.5), cell number/blastocyst (49.1 ± 1.3 versus 61.5 ± 0.9), percentages of term pregnancy (37.5% versus 90.9%) and litter size (3.7 ± 0.1versus 9.6 ± 0.6) decreased, blood CRH (560 ± 23 versus 455 ± 37 pg/ml), cortisol (27.3 ± 3.4 versus 5 ± 0.5 ng/ml) and OS index (OSI: 2.8 versus 1.7) increased significantly (all P < 0.05) following PIRS. In the oviduct, while levels of CRH (1175 ± 85 versus 881 ± 33 pg/100 mg), cortisol (28.9 ± 1.7 versus14 ± 4 ng/g), CRHR (2.3 ± 0.3 versus 1.0 ± 0.0), FasL (1.31 ± 0.06 versus 1.08 ± 0.05 ng/g), Fas (1.42 ± 0.13 versus 1.0 ± 0.0) and apoptotic cells (19.1 ± 0.5% versus 8.4 ± 0.4%) increased, levels of GR proteins (0.67 ± 0.14 versus 1.0 ± 0.0) and Igf-1 (0.6 ± 0.09 versus 1.0 ± 0.0) and Bdnf (0.73 ± 0.03 versus 1.0 ± 0.0) mRNAs decreased significantly (all P < 0.05 versus control) after PIRS. Mouse embryos expressed GR and Fas at all stages of preimplantation development and embryo OS (GSH/GSSG ratio: 0.88 ± 0.03 versus 1.19 ± 0.13) and annexin-positive cells (blastocysts: 31.4 ± 3.8% versus 10.96 ± 3.4%) increased significantly (P < 0.05) following PIRS. Furthermore, the detrimental effects of PIRS on embryo development and oviductal apoptosis were much reduced in gld mice. Thus, PIRS triggered apoptosis in oviductal cells with activation of the Fas/FasL system. The apoptotic oviductal cells promoted embryo apoptosis with reduced production of IGF-1 and BDNF and increased production of FasL. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Although important, the conclusions were drawn from limited results obtained using a single model in one species and thus they need further verification using other models and/or in other species. Furthermore, as differences in stressed samples were modest and sometimes not significant between gld and wild-type mice whereas differences between control and stressed samples were always present within gld mice, it is deduced that signaling pathways other than the Fas/FasL system might be involved as well in the PIRS-triggered apoptosis of oviducts and embryos. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The data are important for studies on the mechanisms by which psychological stress affects female reproduction, as FasL expression has been observed in human oviduct epithelium. LARGE SCALE DATA Not applicable. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (Nos. 2014CB138503 and 2012CB944403), the China National Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 31272444 and 30972096) and the Animal breeding improvement program of Shandong Province. All authors declare that their participation in the study did not involve factual or potential conflicts of interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Province,Tai-an City 271018, PR China
| | - Xiu-Wen Tan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Province,Tai-an City 271018, PR China
| | - Xiang-Zhong Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Province,Tai-an City 271018, PR China
| | - Hong-Jie Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Province,Tai-an City 271018, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Province,Tai-an City 271018, PR China
| | - Guang-Zhong Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Province,Tai-an City 271018, PR China
| | - Chang-Li Ji
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Province,Tai-an City 271018, PR China
| | - Jing-He Tan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Province,Tai-an City 271018, PR China
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Silver nanoparticles induce anti-proliferative effects on airway smooth muscle cells. Role of nitric oxide and muscarinic receptor signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett 2013; 224:246-56. [PMID: 24188929 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used to manufacture materials with new properties and functions. However, little is known about their toxic or beneficial effects on human health, especially in the respiratory system, where its smooth muscle (ASM) regulates the airway contractility by different mediators, such as acetylcholine (ACh) and nitric oxide (NO). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of AgNPs on ASM cells. Exposure to AgNPs induced ACh-independent expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at 100 μg/mL, associated with excessive production of NO. AgNPs induced the muscarinic receptor activation, since its blockage with atropine and blockage of its downstream signaling pathway inhibited the NO production. AgNPs at 10 and 100 μg/mL induced ACh-independent prolonged cytotoxicity and decreased cellular proliferation mediated by the muscarinic receptor-iNOS pathway. However, the concentration of 100 μg/mL of AgNPs induced muscarinic receptor-independent apoptosis, suggesting the activation of multiple pathways. These data indicate that AgNPs induce prolonged cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects on ASM cells, suggesting an activation of the muscarinic receptor-iNOS pathway. Further investigation is required to understand the full mechanisms of action of AgNPs on ASM under specific biological conditions.
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Lahat N, Bitterman H, Weiss-Cerem L, Rahat MA. Hypoxia increases membranal and secreted HLA-DR in endothelial cells, rendering them T-cell activators. Transpl Int 2011; 24:1018-26. [PMID: 21806687 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation involves preoperative ischemic periods that contribute to endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and T-cell activation, leading to graft rejection. As hypoxia is a major constituent of ischemia, we evaluated its effect on the ability of ECs to express HLA-DR, which is required for presentation of antigens to T cells, and by itself serves as an important target for allogeneic T cells. Primary human umbilical vein ECs (HUVEC) and the human endothelial cell line EaHy926 were incubated in normoxia or hypoxia (PO(2) < 0.3%). Hypoxia increased the membranal expression (by 4-6 fold, P < 0.01) and secretion (by sixfold, P < 0.05) of HLA-DR protein, without influencing the accumulation of its mRNA. Alternative splicing, attenuated trafficking, or shedding from the plasma membrane were not observed, but the lysosomal inhibitor bafilomycin A1 reduced HLA-DR secretion. Hypoxia-induced endothelial HLA-DR elevated and diminished the secretion of IL-2 and IL-10, respectively, from co-cultured allogeneic CD4(+) T cells in a HLA-DR-dependent manner, as demonstrated by the use of monoclonal anti-HLA-DR. Our results indicate a yet not fully understood post-translational mechanism(s), which elevate both membranal and soluble HLA-DR expression. This elevation is involved in allogeneic T-cell activation, highlighting the pivotal role of ECs in ischemia/hypoxia-associated injury and graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitza Lahat
- Immunology Research Unit, Carmel Medical Center, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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