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Nassar N, Kasapis S. Fundamental advances in hydrogels for the development of the next generation of smart delivery systems as biopharmaceuticals. Int J Pharm 2023; 633:122634. [PMID: 36690133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in developing and applying therapeutic peptides for anticancer, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory remedies have opened a new era in therapeutics. This development has resulted in the engineering of new biologics as part of a concerted effort by the pharmaceutical industry. Many alternative routes of administration and delivery vehicles, targeting better patient compliance and optimal therapeutic bioavailability, have emerged. However, the design of drug delivery systems to protect a range of unstable macromolecules, including peptides and proteins, from high temperatures, acidic environments, and enzymatic degradation remains a priority. Herein, we give chronological insights in the development of controlled-release drug delivery systems that occurred in the last 70 years or so. Subsequently, we summarise the key physicochemical characteristics of hydrogels contributing to the development of protective delivery systems concerning drug-targeted delivery in the chronospatial domain for biopharmaceuticals. Furthermore, we shed some light on promising hydrogels that can be utilised for systemic bioactive administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazim Nassar
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Melbourne, Vic 3083, Australia.
| | - Stefan Kasapis
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Melbourne, Vic 3083, Australia
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2
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Oral peptide delivery: challenges and the way ahead. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:931-950. [PMID: 33444788 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and proteins have emerged as potential therapeutic agents and, in the search for the best treatment regimen, the oral route has been extensively evaluated because of its non-invasive and safe nature. The physicochemical properties of peptides and proteins along with the hurdles in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), such as degrading enzymes and permeation barriers, are challenges to their delivery. To address these challenges, several conventional and novel approaches, such as nanocarriers, site-specific and stimuli specific delivery, are being used. In this review, we discuss the challenges to the oral delivery of peptides and the approaches used to tackle these challenges.
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Ristroph KD, Prud'homme RK. Hydrophobic ion pairing: encapsulating small molecules, peptides, and proteins into nanocarriers. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:4207-4237. [PMID: 33442667 PMCID: PMC7771517 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00308h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic ion pairing has emerged as a method to modulate the solubility of charged hydrophilic molecules ranging in class from small molecules to large enzymes. Charged hydrophilic molecules are ionically paired with oppositely-charged molecules that include hydrophobic moieties; the resulting uncharged complex is water-insoluble and will precipitate in aqueous media. Here we review one of the most prominent applications of hydrophobic ion pairing: efficient encapsulation of charged hydrophilic molecules into nano-scale delivery vehicles - nanoparticles or nanocarriers. Hydrophobic complexes are formed and then encapsulated using techniques developed for poorly-water-soluble therapeutics. With this approach, researchers have reported encapsulation efficiencies up to 100% and drug loadings up to 30%. This review covers the fundamentals of hydrophobic ion pairing, including nomenclature, drug eligibility for the technique, commonly-used counterions, and drug release of encapsulated ion paired complexes. We then focus on nanoformulation techniques used in concert with hydrophobic ion pairing and note strengths and weaknesses specific to each. The penultimate section bridges hydrophobic ion pairing with the related fields of polyelectrolyte coacervation and polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexation. We then discuss the state of the art and anticipated future challenges. The review ends with comprehensive tables of reported hydrophobic ion pairing and encapsulation from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt D. Ristroph
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey 08544USA
| | - Robert K. Prud'homme
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey 08544USA
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Harloff-Helleberg S, Nielsen LH, Nielsen HM. Animal models for evaluation of oral delivery of biopharmaceuticals. J Control Release 2017; 268:57-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Montenegro GC, Gutierrez CG, Vaillard SE, Minari RJ, Vega JR, Gugliotta LM. A Safety Strategy for Producing Poly(Acrylic Acid) of Low Molar Mass. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201600049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Cáceres Montenegro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidad de Panamá; Ciudad Universitaria; Via Simón Bolivar 0819 Panamá
- INTEC (CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Litoral); Güemes 3450 Santa Fe 3000 Argentina
| | - Carolina G. Gutierrez
- INTEC (CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Litoral); Güemes 3450 Santa Fe 3000 Argentina
| | - Santiago E. Vaillard
- INTEC (CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Litoral); Güemes 3450 Santa Fe 3000 Argentina
| | - Roque J. Minari
- INTEC (CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Litoral); Güemes 3450 Santa Fe 3000 Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química (Universidad Nacional del Litoral); Santiago del Estero 2829 Santa Fe 3000 Argentina
| | - Jorge R. Vega
- INTEC (CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Litoral); Güemes 3450 Santa Fe 3000 Argentina
- Facultad Regional Santa Fe (Universidad Tecnológica Nacional); Lavaisse 610 Santa Fe 3000 Argentina
| | - Luis M. Gugliotta
- INTEC (CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Litoral); Güemes 3450 Santa Fe 3000 Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química (Universidad Nacional del Litoral); Santiago del Estero 2829 Santa Fe 3000 Argentina
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Zupančič O, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Lipophilic peptide character – What oral barriers fear the most. J Control Release 2017; 255:242-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Hintzen F, Perera G, Hauptstein S, Müller C, Laffleur F, Bernkop-Schnürch A. In vivo evaluation of an oral self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for leuprorelin. Int J Pharm 2014; 472:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sukhanova TV, Artyukhov AA, Gurevich YM, Semenikhina MA, Prudchenko IA, Shtilman MI, Markvicheva EA. Delta-sleep inducing peptide entrapment in the charged macroporous matrices. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:461-5. [PMID: 25063142 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Various biomolecules, for example proteins, peptides etc., entrapped in polymer matrices, impact interactions between matrix and cells, including stimulation of cell adhesion and proliferation. Delta-sleep inducing peptide (DSIP) possesses numerous beneficial properties, including its abilities in burn treatment and neuronal protection. DSIP entrapment in two macroporous polymer matrices based on copolymer of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and methylen-bis-acrylamide (Co-DMAEMA-MBAA) and copolymer of acrylic acid and methylen-bis-acrylamide (Co-AA-MBAA) has been studied. Quite 100% of DSIP has been entrapped into positively charged Co-DMAEMA-MBAA matrix, while the quantity of DSIP adsorbed on negatively charged Co-AA-MBAA was only 2-6%. DSIP release from Co-DMAEMA-MBAA was observed in saline solutions (0.9% NaCl and PBS) while there was no DSIP release in water or 25% ethanol, thus ionic strength was a reason of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Sukhanova
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Miklukho-Maklaya st., 16/10 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander A Artyukhov
- Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Research and Teaching Center "Biomaterials", Miusskaya sq., 9 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yakov M Gurevich
- Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Research and Teaching Center "Biomaterials", Miusskaya sq., 9 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina A Semenikhina
- Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Research and Teaching Center "Biomaterials", Miusskaya sq., 9 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A Prudchenko
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Peptide Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya st., 16/10 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail I Shtilman
- Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Research and Teaching Center "Biomaterials", Miusskaya sq., 9 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Markvicheva
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory Polymers for Biology, Miklukho-Maklaya st., 16/10 Moscow, Russia
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Smart AL, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Oral peptide and protein delivery: intestinal obstacles and commercial prospects. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1323-35. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.917077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhao Y, Li Y, Ge J, Li N, Li LB. Pluronic-poly (acrylic acid)-cysteine/Pluronic L121 mixed micelles improve the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:1483-93. [PMID: 23971495 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.829487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to synthesize a thiolated Pluronic copolymer, Pluronic-poly (acrylic acid)-cysteine copolymer, to construct a mixed micelle system with the Pluronic-poly (acrylic acid)-cysteine copolymer and Pluronic L121 (PL121) and to evaluate the potential of these mixed micelles as an oral drug delivery system for paclitaxel. Compared with Pluronic-poly (acrylic acid)-cysteine micelles, drug-loading capacity of Pluronic-poly (acrylic acid)-cysteine/PL121 mixed micelles was increased from 0.4 to 2.87%. In vitro release test indicated that Pluronic-poly (acrylic acid)-cysteine/PL121 mixed micelles exhibited a pH sensitivity. The permeability of drug-loaded micelles in the intestinal tract was studied with an in situ perfusion method in rats. The presence of verapamil and Pluronic both improved the intestinal permeability of paclitaxel, which further certified the inhibition effect of thiolated Pluronic on P-gp. In pharmacokinetic study, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0→∞) of paclitaxel-loaded mixed micelles was four times greater than that of the paclitaxel solution (p < 0.05). In general, Pluronic-poly (acrylic acid)-cysteine/PL121 micelles were proven to be a potential oral drug delivery system for paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong Province , China and
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11
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Oral drug delivery research in Europe. J Control Release 2012; 161:247-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Shahnaz G, Vetter A, Barthelmes J, Rahmat D, Laffleur F, Iqbal J, Perera G, Schlocker W, Dünnhaput S, Augustijns P, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Thiolated chitosan nanoparticles for the nasal administration of leuprolide: bioavailability and pharmacokinetic characterization. Int J Pharm 2012; 428:164-70. [PMID: 22421322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop thiolated nanoparticles to enhance the bioavailability for the nasal application of leuprolide. Thiolated chitosan-thioglycolic acid (chitosan-TGA) and unmodified chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) were developed via ionic gelation with tripolyphosphate (TPP). Leuprolide was incorporated during the formulation process of NPs. The thiolated (chitosan-TGA) NPs had a mean size of 252 ± 82 nm, a zeta potential of +10.9 ± 4 mV, and payload of leuprolide was 12 ± 2.8. Sustained release of leuprolide from thiolated NPs was demonstrated over 6h, which might be attributed to inter- and/or intramolecular disulfide formation within the NPs network. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) study demonstrated that thiolated NPs can be considered as suitable additives for nasal drug delivery systems. Compared to leuprolide solution, unmodified NPs and thiolated NPs provoked increased leuprolide transport through porcine nasal mucosa by 2.0 and 5.2 folds, respectively. The results of a pharmacokinetic study in male Sprague-Dawley rats showed improved transport of leuprolide from thiolated NPs as compared to leuprolide solution. Thiolated NPs had a 6.9-fold increase in area under the curve, more than 4-fold increase in elimination half-life, and a ∼3.8-fold increase in maximum plasma concentration compared to nasal solution alone. The relative nasal bioavailability (versus s.c. injection) of leuprolide thiolated NPs calculated on the basis of AUC((0-6)) was about 19.6% as compared to leuprolide solution 2.8%. The enhanced bioavailability of leuprolide is likely due to facilitated transport by thiolated NPs rather than improved release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul Shahnaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Josef Möller Haus, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Teutonico D, Montanari S, Ponchel G. Leuprolide acetate: pharmaceutical use and delivery potentials. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:343-54. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.662484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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