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Vishwakarma A, Yadav H, Lakra P, Sulakhiya K, Paliwal R, Maiti S. Madhuca indica oil-entrapped buoyant galactomannan hydrogel microspheres for controlling epileptic seizures. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132739. [PMID: 38825290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
A stable Madhuca indica oil-in-water nanoemulsion (99-210 nm, zeta potential: > - 30 mV) was produced employing Tween 20 (surfactant) and Transcutol P (co-surfactant) (3:1). The nanoemulsion (oil: Smix = 3:7, 5:5, and 7:3) were subsequently incorporated into oxcarbazepine-loaded carboxymethylxanthan gum (DS = 1.23) dispersion. The hydrogel microspheres were formed using the ionic gelation process. Higher oil concentration had a considerable impact on particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, and buoyancy. The maximum 92 % drug entrapment efficiency was achieved with the microspheres having oil: Smix ratio 5:5. FESEM study revealed that the microspheres were spherical in shape and had an orange peel-like surface roughness. FTIR analysis revealed a hydrogen bonding interaction between drug and polymer. Thermal and x-ray examinations revealed the transformation of crystalline oxcarbazepine into an amorphous form. The microspheres had a buoyancy period of 7.5 h with corresponding release of around 83 % drug in 8 h in simulated stomach fluid, governed by supercase-II transport mechanism. In vivo neurobehavioral studies on PTZ-induced rats demonstrated that the microspheres outperformed drug suspension in terms of rotarod retention, number of crossings, and rearing activity in open field. Thus, Madhuca indica oil-in-water nanoemulsion-entrapped carboxymethyl xanthan gum microspheres appeared to be useful for monitoring oxcarbazepine release and managing epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Vishwakarma
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh 484887, India
| | - Harsh Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh 484887, India
| | - Preeti Lakra
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh 484887, India
| | - Kunjbihari Sulakhiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh 484887, India
| | - Rishi Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh 484887, India
| | - Sabyasachi Maiti
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh 484887, India.
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Botan MVG, da Silva JB, Bruschi ML. Development of nanostructured environmentally responsive system containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose for nose-to-brain administration of meloxicam. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130015. [PMID: 38331066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The intranasal administration of drugs using environmentally responsive formulations, employing a combination of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and poloxamer 407 (P407), can result in release systems that may assist in the treatment of neurological diseases. Meloxicam, considered a potential adjuvant in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, could be used in these platforms. The aim of this work was to develop a mucoadhesive, thermoresponsive, and nanostructured system containing HPMC for nose-to-brain administration of meloxicam. The initially selected systems were investigated for their rheological, mechanical, and micellar size characteristics. The systems were dilatant at 25 °C and pseudoplastic with a yield value at 37 °C, showing viscoelastic properties at both temperatures. The platform containing HPMC (0.1%, w/w) and P407 (17.5%, w/w) was selected and demonstrated good mucoadhesive properties, along with an appropriate in vitro release profile. HPMC could form a binary system with P407, displaying superior mucoadhesive and thermoresponsive properties for nose-to-brain meloxicam administration, indicating that the selected formulation is worthy of clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vitoria Gouveia Botan
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Bassi da Silva
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil.
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Vijay Pradhap Singh M, Ravi Shankar K. Next-generation hybrid technologies for the treatment of pharmaceutical industry effluents. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120197. [PMID: 38301475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Water and industries are intangible units of the globe that are always set to meet the population's demand. The global population depends on one-third of freshwater increasing the demand. The increase in population along with urbanization has polluted the fresh water resources. The pharmaceutical industry is marked as an emerging contaminant of water pollution. The most common type of pharmaceutical drugs that are detected in the environment includes antibiotics, analgesics, NSAIDs, and pain-relieving drugs. These drugs alter the food chain of the organisms causing chaos mainly in the marine ecosystem. Pharmaceutical drugs are found only in shallow amounts (ng/mg) they have a huge impact on the living system. The consumption of water contaminated with pharmaceutical ingredients can disrupt reproduction, hormonal imbalance, cancer, and respiratory problems. Various methods are used to remove these chemicals from the environment. In this review, we mainly focused on the emerging hybrid technologies and their significance in the effective treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater. This review paper primarily elaborates on the merits and demerits of existing conventional technologies helpful in developing integrated technologies for the modern era of pharmaceutical effluent treatment. This review paper further in detail discusses the various strategies of eco-friendly bioremediation techniques namely biostimulation, bioaugmentation, bacterial degradation, mycoremediation, phytoremediation, and others for the ultimate removal of pharmaceutical contaminants in wastewater. The review makes clear that targeted and hybrid solutions are what the world will require in the future to get rid of these pharmacological prints.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vijay Pradhap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women (Autonomous), Namakkal, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637 205, India.
| | - K Ravi Shankar
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, Anna University-BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India.
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Chmielewska N, Szyndler J. Intranasal administration of antiseizure medications in chronic and emergency treatment: Hopes and challenges. Seizure 2024; 115:62-67. [PMID: 38184900 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of many antiseizure medications (ASMs), 30 % of patients experience pharmacoresistant seizures. High-throughput screening methods undoubtedly remain one of the most important approaches for discovering new molecules to treat seizures. However, the costly and time-consuming nature of drug development prompts us to explore alternative strategies to counteract drug-resistant seizures. One such approach is to consider intranasal administration of known molecules for seizure treatment. In the case of treating epileptic seizures, administering ASMs intranasally may enhance treatment effectiveness and minimize adverse effects. A good example of changes in drug administration is the intranasal administration of fentanyl, which has become a clinical standard in the emergency setting to treat moderate to severe pain in adults and children. This review discusses the utilization of intranasally administered ASMs for both acute and chronic seizures. It addresses various targeted pharmacokinetic approaches, challenges and prospects associated with these regimens. Brief neuroanatomical and molecular rationale for nose-to-brain drug transport is also presented. Furthermore, recent preclinical studies validating the efficacy and brain distribution following intranasal administration of the most commonly used drugs in chronic treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chmielewska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9 Street, Warsaw 02-957, Poland.
| | - Janusz Szyndler
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Street, Warsaw 02- 097, Poland
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Fazal T, Murtaza BN, Shah M, Iqbal S, Rehman MU, Jaber F, Dera AA, Awwad NS, Ibrahium HA. Recent developments in natural biopolymer based drug delivery systems. RSC Adv 2023; 13:23087-23121. [PMID: 37529365 PMCID: PMC10388836 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03369d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of drug molecules to diseased sites is a great challenge in pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences. Fabrication of drug delivery systems (DDS) to target and/or diagnose sick cells is an effective means to achieve good therapeutic results along with a minimal toxicological impact on healthy cells. Biopolymers are becoming an important class of materials owing to their biodegradability, good compatibility, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, and long blood circulation time and high drug loading ratio for both macros as well as micro-sized drug molecules. This review summarizes the recent trends in biopolymer-based DDS, forecasting their broad future clinical applications. Cellulose chitosan, starch, silk fibroins, collagen, albumin, gelatin, alginate, agar, proteins and peptides have shown potential applications in DDS. A range of synthetic techniques have been reported to design the DDS and are discussed in the current study which is being successfully employed in ocular, dental, transdermal and intranasal delivery systems. Different formulations of DDS are also overviewed in this review article along with synthesis techniques employed for designing the DDS. The possibility of these biopolymer applications points to a new route for creating unique DDS with enhanced therapeutic qualities for scaling up creative formulations up to the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeela Fazal
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology Pakistan
| | - Bibi Nazia Murtaza
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology Pakistan
| | - Mazloom Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Grand Asian University Sialkot Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Science and Technology (NUST) H-12 Islamabad 46000 Pakistan
| | - Mujaddad-Ur Rehman
- Department of Microbiology, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology Pakistan
| | - Fadi Jaber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ajman University Ajman UAE
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University Ajman UAE
| | - Ayed A Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser S Awwad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A Ibrahium
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
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Du L, Chen L, Liu F, Wang W, Huang H. Nose-to-brain drug delivery for the treatment of CNS disease: New development and strategies. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 171:255-297. [PMID: 37783558 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Delivering drugs to the brain has always been a challenging task due to the restrictive properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Intranasal delivery is therefore emerging as an efficient method of administration, making it easy to self-administration and thus provides a non-invasive and painless alternative to oral and parenteral administration for delivering therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, drug formulations have been developed to further enhance this nose-to-brain transport, primarily using nanoparticles (NPs). Therefore, the purposes of this review are to highlight and describe the anatomical basis of nasal-brain pathway and provide an overview of drug formulations and current drugs for intranasal administration in CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Du
- Biotherapeutic Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jilin City Central Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Wenya Wang
- Biotherapeutic Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China,.
| | - Hongyun Huang
- Institute of Neurorestoratology, Third Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy, Beijing, P.R. China.
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Nasal administration of a temozolomide-loaded thermoresponsive nanoemulsion reduces tumor growth in a preclinical glioblastoma model. J Control Release 2023; 355:343-357. [PMID: 36731799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the worst and most common primary brain tumor. Temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating agent, is widely used for treating primary and recurrent high-grade gliomas. However, at least 50% of TMZ treated patients do not respond to TMZ and the development of chemoresistance is a major problem. Here, we designed a lipid nanoemulsion containing a thermoresponsive polymer (poloxamer 407) aiming to improve TMZ release into the brain via nasal delivery. Increasing amounts of poloxamer 407 were added to preformed nanoemulsions (250 nm-range) obtained by spontaneous emulsification. The influence of the polymer concentration (from 2.5% to 12.5%) and temperature on viscosity was clearly evidenced. Such effect was also noticed on the mucoadhesiveness of formulations, as well as TMZ release rate and retention/permeation through nasal porcine mucosa using Franz-type diffusion cells. From these results, a formulation containing 10% of poloxamer (NTMZ-P10) was selected for further experiments by nasal route. A significantly higher TMZ amount was observed in the brain of rats from NTMZ-P10 in comparison with controls. Finally, our results show that formulation reduced significantly tumor growth by three-fold: 103.88 ± 43.67 mm3 (for NTMZ-P10) and 303.28 ± 95.27 mm3 (control). Overall, these results suggest the potential of the thermoresponsive formulation, administered by the non-invasive nasal route, as a future effective glioblastoma treatment.
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Prentice RN, Rizwan SB. Translational Considerations in the Development of Intranasal Treatments for Epilepsy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010233. [PMID: 36678862 PMCID: PMC9865314 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common and serious neurological disorder, to which a high proportion of patients continue to be considered "drug-resistant", despite the availability of a host of anti-seizure drugs. Investigation into new treatment strategies is therefore of great importance. One such strategy is the use of the nose to deliver drugs directly to the brain with the help of pharmaceutical formulation to overcome the physical challenges presented by this route. The following review explores intranasal delivery of anti-seizure drugs, covering the link between the nose and seizures, pathways from the nose to the brain, current formulations in clinical use, animal seizure models and their proposed application in studying intranasal treatments, and a critical discussion of relevant pre-clinical studies in the literature.
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Sun T, Li C, Li X, Song H, Su B, You H, Zhang T, Jiang C. Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8984-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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10
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Lima LSD, Loyola V, Bicca JVML, Faro L, Vale CLC, Lotufo Denucci B, Mortari MR. Innovative treatments for epilepsy: Venom peptides, cannabinoids, and neurostimulation. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1969-1986. [PMID: 35934922 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs have been successfully treating epilepsy and providing individuals sustained seizure freedom. However, about 30% of the patients with epilepsy present drug resistance, which means they are not responsive to the pharmacological treatment. Considering this, it becomes extremely relevant to pursue alternative therapeutic approaches, in order to provide appropriate treatment for those patients and also improve their quality of life. In the light of that, this review aims to discuss some innovative options for the treatment of epilepsy, which are currently under investigation, addressing strategies that go from therapeutic compounds to clinical procedures. For instance, peptides derived from animal venoms, such as wasps, spiders, and scorpions, demonstrate to be promising antiepileptic molecules, acting on a variety of targets. Other options are cannabinoids and compounds that modulate the endocannabinoid system, since it is now known that this network is involved in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Furthermore, neurostimulation is another strategy, being an alternative clinical procedure for drug-resistant patients who are not eligible for palliative surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Silva de Lima
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Loyola
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - João Victor Montenegro Luzardo Bicca
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Lucas Faro
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Camilla Lepesqueur Costa Vale
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lotufo Denucci
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Márcia Renata Mortari
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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van Jaarsveld E, du Plessis J, du Preez JL, Shahzad Y, Gerber M. Formulation and characterisation of artemether-loaded nano-emulsion for topical applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shirsath K, Agrawal YO. Intranasal Nanoemulsions A Potential Strategy for Targeting The Neurodegenerative Disorder: Parkinson's. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-124720. [PMID: 35733314 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220622163403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intranasal delivery has great potential to cross the blood-brain barrier and deliver the drug molecule into the central nervous system faster than traditional methods. The olfactory neuronal and trigeminal pathways both are involved in intranasal delivery. The nano-technology is an innovative strategy for the nose to brain delivery. The mucoadhesive nanoemulsion formulation is a modified technology that increases the duration of drug accumulation and provides prolonged delivery at a targeted site. The nanoemulsion formulation oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant components maintain lower surface tension and particle coalescence. The globule dimension and zeta potential are affected in brain targeting. The globule size of the innovative formulation should be < 200 nm for drug permeation because, in humans, the average axon magnitude ranges from around 100 to 700. Furthermore, modified technology of nanoemulsion like nanogel and nanoemulsion in-situ gel provide a great advantage to cure neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, focusing on the innovative pharmaceutical approaches of nanoemulsion in intranasal drug delivery, the current review provides insight into the applications of nanoemulsion in neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease, which are due to the depletion of dopamine in substania nigra resulting in cardinal motor activity bradykinesia and tremors. The review also touches upon the pathways for intranasal delivery of nanoemulsion, the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, and the future direction of the research on intranasal nanoemulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krushna Shirsath
- Department of Pharmaceutics R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research India
| | - Yogeeta O Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research India
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Ahmad MZ, Ahmad J, Alasmary MY, Akhter S, Aslam M, Pathak K, Jamil P, Abdullah M. Nanoemulgel as an approach to improve the biopharmaceutical performance of lipophilic drugs: Contemporary research and application. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Salave S, Rana D, Pardhe R, Bule P, Benival D. Unravelling Micro and Nano vesicular System in Intranasal Drug Delivery for Epilepsy. Pharm Nanotechnol 2022; 10:PNT-EPUB-122916. [PMID: 35473543 DOI: 10.2174/2211738510666220426115340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is one of the major neurological disorders, affecting about 50 million people globally. Oral, intravenous, and rectal delivery systems are available for the management of epileptic seizures. However, intranasal delivery serves beneficial for delivering anti-epileptic drugs owing to the advantages it offers. OBJECTIVE Various approaches have been developed over the years aiming to attain either a safer or faster brain delivery; a nasal delivery system proposes significant outcomes. The non-invasiveness and high vascularity contribute to the high permeability of the nasal mucosa, allowing rapid drug absorption. This review highlights some of the promising novel approaches delivering antiepileptic drugs efficiently employing the nasal route. METHODS The method includes a collection of data from different search engines like PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder for obtaining appropriate and relevant literature regarding epilepsy, intranasal delivery of antiepileptic agents, and novel therapeutics. RESULTS The present review underlines the majority of work related to intranasal delivery in the treatment of epilepsy, aiming to draw the attention of the researchers towards the easiest and efficient ways of formulation for the delivery of antiepileptics during seizures. CONCLUSION This review intends to provide understanding about the delivery aspects of anti-epileptic drugs, the benefits of intranasal delivery, and the novel approaches employed for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Salave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Dhwani Rana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rupali Pardhe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Prajakta Bule
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Derajram Benival
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
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15
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Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9374-7_10-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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16
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Lee D, Minko T. Nanotherapeutics for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery: An Approach to Bypass the Blood Brain Barrier. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122049. [PMID: 34959331 PMCID: PMC8704573 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of neurodegenerative diseases or other central nervous system (CNS) disorders has always been a significant challenge. The nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the penetration of therapeutic molecules to the brain after oral or parenteral administration, which, in combination with hepatic metabolism and drug elimination and inactivation during its journey in the systemic circulation, decreases the efficacy of the treatment, requires high drug doses and often induces adverse side effects. Nose-to-brain drug delivery allows the direct transport of therapeutic molecules by bypassing the BBB and increases drug concentration in the brain. The present review describes mechanisms of nose-to-brain drug delivery and discusses recent advances in this area with especial emphasis on nanotechnology-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-848-445-6348
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Razzaq FA, Asif M, Asghar S, Iqbal MS, Khan IU, Khan SUD, Irfan M, Syed HK, Khames A, Mahmood H, Ibrahim AY, El Sisi AM. Glimepiride-Loaded Nanoemulgel; Development, In Vitro Characterization, Ex Vivo Permeation and In Vivo Antidiabetic Evaluation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092404. [PMID: 34572054 PMCID: PMC8467883 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glimepiride (GMP), an oral hypoglycemic agent is extensively employed in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Transdermal delivery of GMP has been widely investigated as a promising alternative to an oral approach but the delivery of GMP is hindered owing to its low solubility and permeation. The present study was designed to formulate topical nanoemulgel GMP system and previously reported solubility enhanced glimepiride (GMP/βCD/GEL-44/16) in combination with anti-diabetic oil to enhance the hypoglycemic effect. Nanoemulsions were developed using clove oil, Tween-80, and PEG-400 and were gelled using xanthan gum (3%, w/w) to achieve the final nanoemulgel formulations. All of the formulations were evaluated in terms of particle size, zeta potential, pH, conductivity, viscosity, and in vitro skin permeation studies. In vivo hypoglycemic activity of the optimized nanoemulgel formulations was evaluated using a streptozocin-induced diabetes model. It was found that a synergistic combination of GMP with clove oil improved the overall drug permeation across the skin membrane and the hypoglycemic activity of GMP. The results showed that GMP/βCD/GEL-44/16-loaded nanoemulgel enhanced the in vitro skin permeation and improved the hypoglycemic activity in comparison with pure and marketed GMP. It is suggested that topical nano emulsion-based GMP gel and GMP/βCD/GEL-44/16 could be an effective alternative for oral therapy in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fizza Abdul Razzaq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.R.); (S.A.); (I.U.K.); (M.I.); (H.M.)
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Sajid Asghar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.R.); (S.A.); (I.U.K.); (M.I.); (H.M.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ikram Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.R.); (S.A.); (I.U.K.); (M.I.); (H.M.)
| | - Salah-Ud-Din Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.R.); (S.A.); (I.U.K.); (M.I.); (H.M.)
| | - Haroon Khalid Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.R.); (S.A.); (I.U.K.); (M.I.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Ahmed Khames
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hira Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.R.); (S.A.); (I.U.K.); (M.I.); (H.M.)
| | - Asim Y. Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, P.O. Box 382, Omdurman 14415, Sudan;
| | - Amani M. El Sisi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
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Deruyver L, Rigaut C, Lambert P, Haut B, Goole J. The importance of pre-formulation studies and of 3D-printed nasal casts in the success of a pharmaceutical product intended for nose-to-brain delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113826. [PMID: 34119575 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to cement three hot topics in drug delivery: (a) the pre-formulation of new products intended for nose-to-brain delivery; (b) the development of nasal casts for studying the efficacy of potential new nose-to-brain delivery systems at the early of their development (pre-formulation); (c) the use of 3D printing based on a wide variety of materials (transparent, biocompatible, flexible) providing an unprecedented fabrication tool towards personalized medicine by printing nasal cast on-demand based on CT scans of patients. This review intends to show the links between these three subjects. Indeed, the pathway selected to administrate the drug to the brain not only influence the formulation strategies to implement but also the design of the cast, to get the most convincing measures from it. Moreover, the design of the cast himself influences the choice of the 3D-printing technology, which, in its turn, bring more constraints to the nasal replica design. Consequently, the formulation of the drug, the cast preparation and its realisation should be thought of as a whole and not separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Deruyver
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique et de Biopharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Clément Rigaut
- TIPs (Transfers, Interfaces and Processes), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lambert
- TIPs (Transfers, Interfaces and Processes), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoît Haut
- TIPs (Transfers, Interfaces and Processes), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Goole
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique et de Biopharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Satapathy MK, Yen TL, Jan JS, Tang RD, Wang JY, Taliyan R, Yang CH. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs): An Advanced Drug Delivery System Targeting Brain through BBB. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1183. [PMID: 34452143 PMCID: PMC8402065 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in the protection and maintenance of homeostasis in the brain. In this way, it is an interesting target as an interface for various types of drug delivery, specifically in the context of the treatment of several neuropathological conditions where the therapeutic agents cannot cross the BBB. Drug toxicity and on-target specificity are among some of the limitations associated with current neurotherapeutics. In recent years, advances in nanodrug delivery have enabled the carrier system containing the active therapeutic drug to target the signaling pathways and pathophysiology that are closely linked to central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), brain tumor, epilepsy, ischemic stroke, and neurodegeneration. At present, among the nano formulations, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have emerged as a putative drug carrier system that can deliver the active therapeutics (drug-loaded SLNs) across the BBB at the target site of the brain, offering a novel approach with controlled drug delivery, longer circulation time, target specificity, and higher efficacy, and more importantly, reducing toxicity in a biomimetic way. This paper highlights the synthesis and application of SLNs as a novel nontoxic formulation strategy to carry CNS drugs across the BBB to improve the use of therapeutics agents in treating major neurological disorders in future clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantosh Kumar Satapathy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
| | - Ting-Lin Yen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 22174, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Shiun Jan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
| | - Ruei-Dun Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India;
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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20
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Gold nanoparticles for 99mTc-doxorubicin delivery: formulation, in vitro characterization, comparative studies in vivo stability and biodistribution. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Shringarpure M, Gharat S, Momin M, Omri A. Management of epileptic disorders using nanotechnology-based strategies for nose-to-brain drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:169-185. [PMID: 32921169 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1823965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epilepsy, a major neurological disorder affects about 1% of the Indian population. The discovery of noninvasive strategies for epilepsy presents a challenge for the scientists. Different types of nose-to-brain dosage-forms have been studied for epilepsy management. It aims to give new perspectives for developing new and existing anti-epileptic drugs. Combining nanotechnology with nose-to-brain approach can help in promoting the treatment efficacy by site-specific delivery. Also, it will minimize the side-effects and patient noncompliance observed in conventional administration routes. Peptide delivery can be an interesting approach for the management of epilepsy. Drug-loaded intranasal nanoformulations exhibit diverse prospective potentials in the management of epilepsy. Considering that, nanotherapy using nose-to-brain delivery as a prospective technique for the efficient management of epilepsy is reviewed. AREAS COVERED The authors have compiled all recently available data pertaining to the nose-to-brain delivery of therapeutics using nanotechnological strategies. The fundamental mechanism of nose-to-brain delivery, claims for intranasal delivery and medical devices for epilepsy are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Drug-loaded intranasal nanoformulations exhibit different prospective potentials in the management of epilepsy. Considering the foregoing research done in the field of nanotechnology, globally, authors propose nose-to-brain delivery of nanoformulations as a potential technique for the efficient management of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihika Shringarpure
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sankalp Gharat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Munira Momin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,SVKM's Shri C B Patel Research Center for Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
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22
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Naqvi S, Panghal A, Flora SJS. Nanotechnology: A Promising Approach for Delivery of Neuroprotective Drugs. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:494. [PMID: 32581676 PMCID: PMC7297271 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders especially neurodegenerative disorders are the major challenge for public health and demand the great attention of researchers to protect people against them. In past few decades, different treatment strategies have been adopted, but their therapeutic efficacy are not enough and have only shown partial mitigation of symptoms. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BSCFB) guard the CNS from harmful substances and pose as the major challenges in delivering drugs into CNS for treatment of CNS complications such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), stroke, epilepsy, brain tumors, multiple sclerosis (MS), and encephalitis, etc. Nanotechnology has come out as an exciting and promising new platform of treating neurological disorders and has shown great potential to overcome problems related to the conventional treatment approaches. Molecules can be nanoengineered to carry out multiple specific functions such as to cross the BBB, target specific cell or signaling pathway, respond to endogenous stimuli, and act as a vehicle for gene delivery, support nerve regeneration and cell survival. In present review, the role of nanocarrier systems such as liposomes, micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs), dendrimers, and nanoemulsions for delivery of various neurotherapeutic agents has been discussed, besides this, their mechanism of action, and nanoformulation of different neuroprotective agents like curcumin, edaravone, nerve growth factors in CNS disorders like Alzheimer’s, Parkinsonism, epilepsy, stroke, and brain tumors has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Archna Panghal
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - S J S Flora
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
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Chatterjee B, Gorain B, Mohananaidu K, Sengupta P, Mandal UK, Choudhury H. Targeted drug delivery to the brain via intranasal nanoemulsion: Available proof of concept and existing challenges. Int J Pharm 2019; 565:258-268. [PMID: 31095983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intranasal delivery has shown to circumvent blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and deliver the drugs into the CNS at a higher rate and extent than other conventional routes. The mechanism of drug transport from nose-to-brain is not fully understood yet, but several neuronal pathways are considered to be involved. Intranasal nanoemulsion for brain targeting is investigated extensively. Higher brain distribution of drug after administering intranasal nanoemulsion was established by many researchers. Issues with nasomucosal clearance are solved by formulating modified nanoemulsion; for instance, mucoadhesive nanoemulsion or in situ nanoemulgel. However, no intranasal nanoemulsion for brain targeted drug delivery has been able to cross the way from 'benches to bed-side' of patients. Possibilities of toxicity by repeated administration, irregular nasal absorption during the diseased condition, use of a high amount of surfactants are few of the persisting challenges that need to overcome in coming days. Understanding the ways how current developments has solved some challenges is necessary. At the same time, the future direction of the research on intranasal nanoemulsion should be figured out based on existing challenges. This review is focused on the current developments of intranasal nanoemulsion with special emphasis on the existing challenges that would help to set future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bappaditya Chatterjee
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia.
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Keithanchali Mohananaidu
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India.
| | - Uttam Kumar Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University (MRSPTU), Bathinda, India.
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Rathod S, Tripathi R, Verma G, Aswal VK, Bahadur P, Tiwari S. Bioadhesive polymeric film-based integrative platform for the unidirectional carbamazepine release from a volatile microemulsion. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 170:683-691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Abbas H, Refai H, El Sayed N. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide–Loaded Lipid Nanocarriers Incorporated in Thermosensitive In Situ Gel for Magnetic Brain Targeting of Clonazepam. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2119-2127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Surface-Modified Nanocarriers for Nose-to-Brain Delivery: From Bioadhesion to Targeting. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10010034. [PMID: 29543755 PMCID: PMC5874847 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of nasal drug delivery, nose-to-brain delivery is among the most fascinating applications, directly targeting the central nervous system, bypassing the blood brain barrier. Its benefits include dose lowering and direct brain distribution of potent drugs, ultimately reducing systemic side effects. Recently, nasal administration of insulin showed promising results in clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Nanomedicines could further contribute to making nose-to-brain delivery a reality. While not disregarding the need for devices enabling a formulation deposition in the nose’s upper part, surface modification of nanomedicines appears the key strategy to optimize drug delivery from the nasal cavity to the brain. In this review, nanomedicine delivery based on particle engineering exploiting surface electrostatic charges, mucoadhesive polymers, or chemical moieties targeting the nasal epithelium will be discussed and critically evaluated in relation to nose-to-brain delivery.
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27
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Khunt D, Shah B, Misra M. Role of butter oil in brain targeted delivery of Quetiapine fumarate microemulsion via intranasal route. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Soni S, Ruhela RK, Medhi B. Nanomedicine in Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders: A Present and Future Prospective. Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 6:319-335. [PMID: 27766216 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2016.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: For the past few decades central nervous system disorders were considered as a major strike on human health and social system of developing countries. The natural therapeutic methods for CNS disorders limited for many patients. Moreover, nanotechnology-based drug delivery to the brain may an exciting and promising platform to overcome the problem of BBB crossing. In this review, first we focused on the role of the blood-brain barrier in drug delivery; and second, we summarized synthesis methods of nanomedicine and their role in different CNS disorder. Method: We reviewed the PubMed databases and extracted several kinds of literature on neuro nanomedicines using keywords, CNS disorders, nanomedicine, and nanotechnology. The inclusion criteria included chemical and green synthesis methods for synthesis of nanoparticles encapsulated drugs and, their in-vivo and in-vitro studies. We excluded nanomedicine gene therapy and nanomaterial in brain imaging. Results: In this review, we tried to identify a highly efficient method for nanomedicine synthesis and their efficacy in neuronal disorders. SLN and PNP encapsulated drugs reported highly efficient by easily crossing BBB. Although, these neuro-nanomedicine play significant role in therapeutics but some metallic nanoparticles reported the adverse effect on developing the brain. Conclusion: Although impressive advancement has made via innovative potential drug development, but their efficacy is still moderate due to limited brain permeability. To overcome this constraint,powerful tool in CNS therapeutic intervention provided by nanotechnology-based drug delivery methods. Due to its small and biofunctionalization characteristics, nanomedicine can easily penetrate and facilitate the drug through the barrier. But still, understanding of their toxicity level, optimization and standardization are a long way to go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shringika Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Ruhela
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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Nour SA, Abdelmalak NS, Naguib MJ, Rashed HM, Ibrahim AB. Intranasal brain-targeted clonazepam polymeric micelles for immediate control of status epilepticus: in vitro optimization, ex vivo determination of cytotoxicity, in vivo biodistribution and pharmacodynamics studies. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3681-3695. [PMID: 27648847 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1223216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonazepam (CZ) is an anti-epileptic drug used mainly in status epilepticus (SE). The drug belongs to Class II according to BCS classification with very limited solubility and high permeability and it suffers from extensive first-pass metabolism. The aim of the present study was to develop CZ-loaded polymeric micelles (PM) for direct brain delivery allowing immediate control of SE. PM were prepared via thin film hydration (TFH) technique adopting a central composite face-centered design (CCFD). The seventeen developed formulae were evaluated in terms of entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and in vitro release. For evaluating the in vivo behavior of the optimized formula, both biodistrbution using 99mTc-radiolabeled CZ and pharmacodynamics studies were done in addition to ex vivo cytotoxicty. At a drug:Pluronic® P123:Pluronic® L121 ratio of 1:20:20 (PM7), a high EE, ZP, Q8h, and a low PDI was achieved. The biodistribution studies revealed that the optimized formula had significantly higher drug targeting efficiency (DTE = 242.3%), drug targeting index (DTI = 144.25), and nose-to-brain direct transport percentage (DTP = 99.30%) and a significant prolongation of protection from seizures in comparison to the intranasally administered solution with minor histopathological changes. The declared results reveal the ability of the developed PM to be a strong potential candidate for the emergency treatment of SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia A Nour
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt and
| | - Nevine S Abdelmalak
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt and
| | - Marianne J Naguib
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt and
| | - Hassan M Rashed
- b Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Lab. Center , Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Ibrahim
- b Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Lab. Center , Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , Cairo , Egypt
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Antunes Viegas D, Rodrigues M, Francisco J, Falcão A, Alves G, Santos AO. Development and application of an ex vivo fosphenytoin nasal bioconversion/permeability evaluation method. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 89:61-72. [PMID: 27106504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the intranasal delivery of central nervous system-active drugs due to the existence of a direct nose-to-brain connection. However, poor solubility limits the amount of drug that can be administered within an aqueous solution. In the present work, the objectives were to develop an ex vivo bioconversion/permeability evaluation method and to study the ex vivo bioconversion of the hydrophilic phosphate ester prodrug fosphenytoin (FOS) to the active drug phenytoin (PHT) and their comparative nasal permeation. Bioconversion/permeability studies were performed in excised porcine nasal mucosa mounted in Ussing chambers. The physical integrity of the tissues was evaluated by measurement of the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). The simultaneous quantitative assay of FOS, PHT and its major metabolite, 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (HPPH) was developed and validated according to international guidelines using a liquid chromatography analytical method. The FOS bioconversion rate and PHT and FOS apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) were determined at different time points. FOS bioconversion was also qualitatively investigated in human nasal mucus. The developed liquid chromatography method combines a fast and inexpensive sample preparation with inactivation of the enzymatic metabolism of the prodrug during sample manipulation and storage. It was linear, precise, accurate, and presented a high analyte recovery. FOS was converted ex vivo to PHT but the metabolite HPPH was not detected. The bioconversion rate increased with FOS concentration and with time, which suggests a diffusion-limited process. FOS was also converted to its active drug by human nasal mucus. A novel mathematical data analysis method was developed to reduce the bias introduced by variable mucosal TEER in the permeability results. At comparable FOS and PHT concentrations the ln(Papp(PHT)) of both compounds showed little difference, which indicates that the use of a hydrophilic and charged prodrug did not hinder overall drug permeation. At the highest tested FOS concentration it was possible to quantify FOS in the receiver chambers, meaning that at a sufficiently high concentration the FOS permeation rate overcame its bioconversion rate. The ln(Papp(PHT)) tended to similar equilibrium values as the assay progressed, but with higher FOS concentrations that equilibrium was attained faster. Acidic pH reduced the permeability of both PHT and FOS. The developed bioconversion/permeability evaluation method will constitute an important tool to select the most promising formulations before proceeding to in vivo studies. Importantly, it allowed the demonstration of phosphatase activity and FOS bioconversion in nasal mucosa, as well as the prodrug's nasal permeation potential. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the possibility of formulating phosphate prodrugs of poorly soluble central nervous system-active drugs as a strategy to increase the solubilized drug doses administered through the nasal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Antunes Viegas
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Márcio Rodrigues
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Joana Francisco
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Gilberto Alves
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Adriana O Santos
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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Shah BM, Misra M, Shishoo CJ, Padh H. Nose to brain microemulsion-based drug delivery system of rivastigmine: formulation and ex-vivo characterization. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:918-30. [PMID: 24467601 PMCID: PMC11133781 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.878857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to irreversible loss of neurons, cognition and formation of abnormal protein aggregates. Rivastigmine, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor used for the treatment of AD, undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism, thus limiting its absolute bioavailability to only 36% after 3-mg dose. Due to extreme aqueous solubility, rivastigmine shows poor penetration and lesser concentration in the brain thus requiring frequent oral dosing. This investigation was aimed to formulate microemulsion (ME) and mucoadhesive microemulsions (MMEs) of rivastigmine for nose to brain delivery and to compare percentage drug diffused for both systems using in-vitro and ex-vivo study. Rivastigmine-loaded ME and MMEs were prepared by titration method and characterized for drug content, globule size distribution, zeta potential, pH, viscosity and nasal ciliotoxicity study. Rivastigmine-loaded ME system containing 8% w/w Capmul MCM EP, 44% w/w Labrasol:Transcutol-P (1:1) and 48% w/w distilled water was formulated, whereas 0.3% w/w chitosan (CH) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (as mucoadhesive agents) were used to formulate MMEs, respectively. ME and MMEs formulations were transparent with drug content, globule size and zeta potential in the range of 98.59% to 99.43%, 53.8 nm to 55.4 nm and -2.73 mV to 6.52 mV, respectively. MME containing 0.3% w/w CH followed Higuchi model (r(2) = 0.9773) and showed highest diffusion coefficient. It was free from nasal ciliotoxicity and stable for three months. However, the potential of developed CH-based MME for nose to brain delivery of rivastigmine can only be established after in-vivo and biodistribution study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh M. Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, B. V. Patel PERD Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Manju Misra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NIPER-Ahmedabad, C/O B. V. Patel PERD Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, and
| | | | - Harish Padh
- Vice Chancellor, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
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Acharya SP, Pundarikakshudu K, Panchal A, Lalwani A. Preparation and evaluation of transnasal microemulsion of carbamazepine. Asian J Pharm Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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