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Asgari R, Bazzazan MA, Karimi Jirandehi A, Yousefzadeh S, Alaei M, Keshavarz Shahbaz S. Peyer's Patch: Possible target for modulating the Gut-Brain-Axis through microbiota. Cell Immunol 2024; 401-402:104844. [PMID: 38901288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the brain form bidirectional nervous, immune, and endocrine communications known as the gut-brain axis. Several factors can affect this axis; among them, various studies have focused on the microbiota and imply that alterations in microbiota combinations can influence both the brain and GI. Also, many studies have shown that the immune system has a vital role in varying gut microbiota combinations. In the current paper, we will review the multidirectional effects of gut microbiota, immune system, and nervous system on each other. Specifically, this review mainly focuses on the impact of Peyer's patches as a critical component of the gut immune system on the gut-brain axis through affecting the gut's microbial composition. In this way, some factors were discussed as proposed elements of missing gaps in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Asgari
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Bazzazan
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ashkan Karimi Jirandehi
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Salar Yousefzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Masood Alaei
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sanaz Keshavarz Shahbaz
- USERN Office, Qazvin University of Medical science, Qazvin, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for prevention of Non- Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Lan ZF, Yao W, Xie YC, Chen W, Zhu YY, Chen JQ, Zhou XY, Huang JQ, Wu MS, Chen JX. Oral Troxerutin Alleviates Depression Symptoms in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300603. [PMID: 38072646 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE A growing body of evidence suggests that the harmful gut microbiota in depression patients can play a role in the progression of depression. There is limited research on troxerutin's impact on the central nervous system (CNS), especially in depression. The study finds that troxerutin effectively alleviates depression and anxiety-like behavior in mice by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus and Firmicutes while decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria like Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, and Actinobacteria in the gut. Furthermore, the research reveals that troxerutin regulates various metabolic pathways in mice, including nucleotide metabolism, caffeine metabolism, purine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, histidine metabolism, 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and Arginine and proline metabolism. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the study provides compelling evidence for the antidepressant efficacy of troxerutin. Through the investigation of the role of intestinal microorganisms and metabolites, the study identifies these factors as key players in troxerutin's ability to prevent depression. Troxerutin achieves its neuroprotective effects and effectively prevents depression and anxiety by modulating the abundance of gut microbiota, including Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, and Actinobacteria, as well as regulating metabolites such as creatine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fang Lan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yi-Ci Xie
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wushisi Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yin-Ying Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jia-Qi Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xing-Yi Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jun-Qing Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Man-Si Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- School of Food and Biotechnology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Son YS, Kwon M, Son N, Kim SK, Son MY. Multilayer Coating with Red Ginseng Dietary Fiber Improves Intestinal Adhesion and Proliferation of Probiotics in Human Intestinal Epithelial Models. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1309-1316. [PMID: 37528560 PMCID: PMC10619547 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2305.05013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
To exert their beneficial effects, it is essential for the commensal bacteria of probiotic supplements to be sufficiently protected as they pass through the low pH environment of the stomach, and effectively colonize the intestinal epithelium downstream. Here, we investigated the effect of a multilayer coating containing red ginseng dietary fiber, on the acid tolerance, and the adhesion and proliferation capacities of three Lactobacillus strains (Limosilactobacillus reuteri KGC1901, Lacticaseibacillus casei KGC1201, Limosilactobacillus fermentum KGC1601) isolated from Panax ginseng, using HT-29 cells, mucin-coated plates, and human pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal epithelial cells as in vitro models of human gut physiology. We observed that the multilayer-coated strains displayed improved survival rates after passage through gastric juice, as well as high adhesion and proliferation capacities within the various gut epithelial systems tested, compared to their uncoated counterparts. Our findings demonstrated that the multilayer coat effectively protected commensal microbiota and led to improved adhesion and colonization of intestinal epithelial cells, and consequently to higher probiotic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Seul Son
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Kwon
- Laboratory of Efficacy Research, Korea ginseng Corporation, Daejeon 34128, Republic of Korea
| | - Naeun Son
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Kim
- Laboratory of Efficacy Research, Korea ginseng Corporation, Daejeon 34128, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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García Mendez D, Sanabria J, Wist J, Holmes E. Effect of Operational Parameters on the Cultivation of the Gut Microbiome in Continuous Bioreactors Inoculated with Feces: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6213-6225. [PMID: 37070710 PMCID: PMC10143624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the early 1980s, multiple researchers have contributed to the development of in vitro models of the human gastrointestinal system for the mechanistic interrogation of the gut microbiome ecology. Using a bioreactor for simulating all the features and conditions of the gastrointestinal system is a massive challenge. Some conditions, such as temperature and pH, are readily controlled, but a more challenging feature to simulate is that both may vary in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Promising solutions have been developed for simulating other functionalities, such as dialysis capabilities, peristaltic movements, and biofilm growth. This research field is under constant development, and further efforts are needed to drive these models closer to in vivo conditions, thereby increasing their usefulness for studying the gut microbiome impact on human health. Therefore, understanding the influence of key operational parameters is fundamental for the refinement of the current bioreactors and for guiding the development of more complex models. In this review, we performed a systematic search for operational parameters in 229 papers that used continuous bioreactors seeded with human feces. Despite the reporting of operational parameters for the various bioreactor models being variable, as a result of a lack of standardization, the impact of specific operational parameters on gut microbial ecology is discussed, highlighting the advantages and limitations of the current bioreactor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David
Felipe García Mendez
- Australian
National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health
Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Australia WA6150
| | - Janeth Sanabria
- Australian
National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health
Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Australia WA6150
- Environmental
Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Engineering School of Environmental
& Natural Resources, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Valle—Sede Meléndez, Cali, Colombia 76001
| | - Julien Wist
- Australian
National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health
Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Australia WA6150
- Chemistry
Department, Universidad del Valle, 76001, Cali, Colombia
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Australian
National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health
Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Australia WA6150
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Li B, Xu M, Wang Y, Feng L, Xing H, Zhang K. Gut microbiota: A new target for traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of depression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:116038. [PMID: 36529248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The causes of depression are complex. Many factors are involved in its pathogenesis, including the individual's biological and social environment. Although numerous studies have reported that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in depression, drugs that regulate the gut microbiota to treat depression have not yet been comprehensively reviewed. At the same time, more and more attention has been paid to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in improving depression by regulating gut microbiota. In ancient times, fecal microbiota transplantation was recorded in TCM for the treatment of severe diseases. There are also records in Chinese ancient books about the use of TCM to adjust gut microbiota to treat diseases, which has opened up a unique research field in TCM. Therefore, this article focuses on the pharmacological effects, targets, and mechanisms of TCM in improving depression by mediating the influence of gut microbiota. AIM OF THIS REVIEW To summarize the role the gut microbiota plays in depression, highlight potential regulatory targets, and elucidate the anti-depression mechanisms of TCMs through regulation of the gut microbiota. METHODS A systematic review of 256 clinical trials and pharmaceutical studies published until June 2022 was conducted in eight electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder, Research Gate, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, and China Knowledge Infrastructure), according to the implemented PRISMA criteria, using the search terms "traditional Chinese medicine," "depression," and "gut microbiota." RESULTS Numerous studies reported the effects of different gut bacteria on depression and that antidepressants work through the gut microbiota. TCM preparations based on compound Chinese medicine, the Chinese Materia Medica, and major bioactive components exerted antidepressant-like effects by improving levels of neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, kynurenine, and cytokines via regulation of the gut microbiota. CONCLUSION This review summarized the anti-depression effects of TCM on the gut microbiota, providing evidence that TCMs are safe and effective in the treatment of depression and may provide a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boru Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Meijing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lijin Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hang Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Tianjin UBasio Biotechnology Group, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Ghorbani Y, Schwenger KJP, Sharma D, Jung H, Yadav J, Xu W, Lou W, Poutanen S, Hota SS, Comelli EM, Philpott D, Jackson TD, Okrainec A, Gaisano HY, Allard JP. Effect of faecal microbial transplant via colonoscopy in patients with severe obesity and insulin resistance: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2 trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:479-490. [PMID: 36239189 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effects of faecal microbial transplant (FMT) from lean people to subjects with obesity via colonoscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a double-blind, randomized controlled trial, subjects with a body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2 and insulin resistance were randomized, in a 1:1 ratio in blocks of four, to either allogenic (from healthy lean donor; n = 15) or autologous FMT (their own stool; n = 13) delivered in the caecum and were followed for 3 months. The main outcome was homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and secondary outcomes were glycated haemoglobin levels, lipid profile, weight, gut hormones, endotoxin, appetite measures, intestinal microbiome (IM), metagenome, serum/faecal metabolites, quality of life, anxiety and depression scores. RESULTS In the allogenic versus autologous groups, HOMA-IR and clinical variables did not change significantly, but IM and metabolites changed favourably (P < 0.05): at 1 month, Coprococcus, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides and Roseburia increased, and Streptococcus decreased; at 3 months, Bacteroides and Blautia increased. Several species also changed significantly. For metabolites, at 1 month, serum kynurenine decreased and faecal indole acetic acid and butenylcarnitine increased, while at 3 months, serum isoleucine, leucine, decenoylcarnitine and faecal phenylacetic acid decreased. Metagenomic pathway representations and network analyses assessing relationships with clinical variables, metabolites and IM were significantly enhanced in the allogenic versus autologous groups. LDL and appetite measures improved in the allogenic (P < 0.05) but not in the autologous group. CONCLUSIONS Overall, in those with obeisty, allogenic FMT via colonoscopy induced favourable changes in IM, metabolites, pathway representations and networks even though other metabolic variables did not change. LDL and appetite variables may also benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Ghorbani
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Divya Sharma
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Dalla Lana Public Health Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jitender Yadav
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Lou
- Dalla Lana Public Health Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Poutanen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susy S Hota
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena M Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy D Jackson
- Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allan Okrainec
- Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Herbert Y Gaisano
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johane P Allard
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Spivak NM, Haroon J, Swenson A, Turnbull SA, Dang N, Ganeles M, Price C, Distler M, Nurmi E, Lavretsky H, Bystritsky A. Microbiome in Anxiety and Other Psychiatric Disorders. Med Clin North Am 2023; 107:73-83. [PMID: 36402501 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Initial studies suggested that the fluctuations in the quantity, variety, and composition of the gut microbiota can significantly affect disease processes. This change in the gut microbiota causing negative health benefits was coined dysbiosis. Initial research focused on gastrointestinal illnesses. However, the gut microbiome was found to affect more than just gastrointestinal diseases. Numerous studies have proven that the gut microbiome can influence neuropsychiatric diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman M Spivak
- UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, DGSOM, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Jonathan Haroon
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, DGSOM, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew Swenson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, DGSOM, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott A Turnbull
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian SOM, UNLV, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Nolan Dang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, DGSOM, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew Ganeles
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Collin Price
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, DGSOM, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Margaret Distler
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, DGSOM, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Erika Nurmi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, DGSOM, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, DGSOM, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander Bystritsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, DGSOM, UCLA, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Faraj J, Takanti V, Tavakoli HR. The Gut-Brain Axis: Literature Overview and Psychiatric Applications. Fed Pract 2021; 38:356-362. [PMID: 34733087 PMCID: PMC8560095 DOI: 10.12788/fp.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Literature exploring the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and its effects on general health and well-being has grown significantly in recent years, and our knowledge of this subject continues to grow. Mounting evidence indicates that the intestinal microbiome is a potential target for therapeutic intervention in psychiatric illness and in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease. It is reasonable to consider modulating not just a patient's neurochemistry, behavior, or cognitive habits, but also their intestinal microbiome in an effort to improve psychiatric symptoms. OBSERVATIONS In this review paper, we show that intestinal microbiota possess the ability to directly influence both physical and mental well-being; therefore, should be included in future discussions regarding psychiatric treatment. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians are encouraged to consider patients' gut health when evaluating and treating psychiatric conditions, such as anxiety and depression. Optimization and diversification of gut flora through the use of psychobiotics-probiotics that confer mental health benefits-may soon become standard practice in conjunction with traditional psychiatric treatment modalities such as pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Faraj
- is a General Medical Officer at Naval Surface Forces Atlantic, Medical Readiness Division, Norfolk, Virginia. is a Resident Physician in the Department of Anesthesiology at Rush University Hospital in Chicago, Illinois. is the head of Psychiatry Consultation-Liaison Services at the Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, Virginia
| | - Varun Takanti
- is a General Medical Officer at Naval Surface Forces Atlantic, Medical Readiness Division, Norfolk, Virginia. is a Resident Physician in the Department of Anesthesiology at Rush University Hospital in Chicago, Illinois. is the head of Psychiatry Consultation-Liaison Services at the Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, Virginia
| | - Hamid R Tavakoli
- is a General Medical Officer at Naval Surface Forces Atlantic, Medical Readiness Division, Norfolk, Virginia. is a Resident Physician in the Department of Anesthesiology at Rush University Hospital in Chicago, Illinois. is the head of Psychiatry Consultation-Liaison Services at the Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, Virginia
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9
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Halverson T, Alagiakrishnan K. Gut microbes in neurocognitive and mental health disorders. Ann Med 2020; 52:423-443. [PMID: 32772900 PMCID: PMC7877977 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2020.1808239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As individuals age, the prevalence of neurocognitive and mental health disorders increases. Current biomedical treatments do not completely address the management of these conditions. Despite new pharmacological therapy the challenges of managing these diseases remain.There is increasing evidence that the Gut Microbiome (GM) and microbial dysbiosis contribute to some of the more prevalent mental health and neurocognitive disorders, such as depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BP), and dementia as well as the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Methodology: Scoping review about the effect of gut microbiota on neurocognitive and mental health disorders. RESULTS This scoping review found there is an evolving evidence of the involvement of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of neurocognitive and mental health disorders. This manuscript also discusses how the psychotropics used to treat these conditions may have an antimicrobial effect on GM, and the potential for new strategies of management with probiotics and faecal transplantation. CONCLUSIONS This understanding can open up the need for a gut related approach in these disorders as well as unlock the door for the role of gut related microbiota management. KEY MESSAGES Challenges of managing mental health conditions remain in spite of new pharmacological therapy. Gut dysbiosis is seen in various mental health conditions. Various psychotropic medications can have an influence on the gut microbiota by their antimicrobial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Halverson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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10
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Rezaei M, Noori N, Shariatifar N, Gandomi H, Akhondzadeh Basti A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Isolation of lactic acid probiotic strains from Iranian camel milk: Technological and antioxidant properties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Wagle SR, Kovacevic B, Walker D, Ionescu CM, Shah U, Stojanovic G, Kojic S, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H. Alginate-based drug oral targeting using bio-micro/nano encapsulation technologies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1361-1376. [PMID: 32597249 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1789587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral delivery is the most common administrated drug delivery path. However, oral administration of lipophilic drugs has some limitations: they have poor dose-response due to low and varied dissolution kinetics and oral bioavailability with sub-optimal dissolution within the aqueous gastrointestinal microenvironment. Therefore, there is a need for robust formulating methods that protect the drug until it reaches to its optimum absorption site, allowing its optimum pharmacological effects via increasing its intestinal permeation and bioavailability. AREA COVERED Herein, we provide insights on orally administered lipophilic drug delivery systems. The detailed description of the obstacles associated with the oral bioavailability of lipophilic drugs are also discussed. Following this, techniques to overcome these obstacles with much emphasis on optimal safety and efficacy are addressed. Newly designed ionic vibrational jet flow encapsulation technology has enormous growth in lipophilic drug delivery systems, which is discussed thereafter. EXPERT OPINION Researchers have shown interest in drug's encapsulation. A combination of drug-bile acid and microencapsulation methods can be one promising strategy to improve the oral delivery of lipophilic drugs. However, the most critical aspect of this approach is the selection of bile acids, polymer, and encapsulation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susbin Raj Wagle
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bozica Kovacevic
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Walker
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Corina Mihaela Ionescu
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Umar Shah
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University , Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Goran Stojanovic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sanja Kojic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Lach G, Schellekens H, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Anxiety, Depression, and the Microbiome: A Role for Gut Peptides. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:36-59. [PMID: 29134359 PMCID: PMC5794698 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain is finely orchestrated by different systems, including the endocrine, immune, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. Moreover, increasing evidence supports the role of the microbiome and microbiota-derived molecules in regulating such interactions; however, the mechanisms underpinning such effects are only beginning to be resolved. Microbiota-gut peptide interactions are poised to be of great significance in the regulation of gut-brain signaling. Given the emerging role of the gut-brain axis in a variety of brain disorders, such as anxiety and depression, it is important to understand the contribution of bidirectional interactions between peptide hormones released from the gut and intestinal bacteria in the context of this axis. Indeed, the gastrointestinal tract is the largest endocrine organ in mammals, secreting dozens of different signaling molecules, including peptides. Gut peptides in the systemic circulation can bind cognate receptors on immune cells and vagus nerve terminals thereby enabling indirect gut-brain communication. Gut peptide concentrations are not only modulated by enteric microbiota signals, but also vary according to the composition of the intestinal microbiota. In this review, we will discuss the gut microbiota as a regulator of anxiety and depression, and explore the role of gut-derived peptides as signaling molecules in microbiome-gut-brain communication. Here, we summarize the potential interactions of the microbiota with gut hormones and endocrine peptides, including neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide, corticotropin-releasing factor, oxytocin, and ghrelin in microbiome-to-brain signaling. Together, gut peptides are important regulators of microbiota-gut-brain signaling in health and stress-related psychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilliard Lach
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Harriet Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Food for Health Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Food for Health Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Mooranian A, Negrulj R, Arfuso F, Al-Salami H. Multicompartmental, multilayered probucol microcapsules for diabetes mellitus: Formulation characterization and effects on production of insulin and inflammation in a pancreatic β-cell line. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1642-53. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1069299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Park AJ, Collins J, Blennerhassett PA, Ghia JE, Verdu EF, Bercik P, Collins SM. Altered colonic function and microbiota profile in a mouse model of chronic depression. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:733-e575. [PMID: 23773726 PMCID: PMC3912902 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression often coexists with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) which is characterized by alterations in gut function. There is emerging evidence that the microbial composition (microbiota) of the gut is altered in IBS, but the basis for this is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether the induction of chronic depression results in changes in the colonic function and in its microbial community, and to explore underlying mechanisms. METHODS Bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (OBx) was used to induce depression-like behavior in mice. Colonic function was assessed by measuring muscle contractility, pellet excretion, c-fos activity, and serotonin levels. Microbiota profiles were obtained using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) was assessed by the hypothalamic expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). In separate studies, mice without OBx received CRH via intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion for 4 weeks prior to assessing colonic function and microbiota profiles. KEY RESULTS Olfactory bulbectomy mice demonstrated chronic depression- and anxiety-like behaviors associated with elevated central CRH expression and increases in c-Fos activity, serotonin levels, and motility in the colon. These changes were accompanied by an altered intestinal microbial profile. Central CRH administration produced similar changes in behavior and motility and altered the microbiota profile in the colon. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The induction of chronic depression alters motor activity and the microbial profile in the colon likely via activation of the HPA. These findings provide a basis for linking the behavioral and gastrointestinal manifestations of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Park
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster UniversityHamilton, Canada
| | - J Collins
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster UniversityHamilton, Canada
| | - P A Blennerhassett
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster UniversityHamilton, Canada
| | - J E Ghia
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster UniversityHamilton, Canada
| | - E F Verdu
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster UniversityHamilton, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster UniversityHamilton, Canada
| | - S M Collins
- Address for Correspondence, Stephen Collins, MBBS, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, HSC 2E16, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5., Tel: 905-525-9140 #22184; fax: 905 524 1346;, e-mail:
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Rodes L, Coussa-Charley M, Marinescu D, Paul A, Fakhoury M, Abbasi S, Khan A, Tomaro-Duchesneau C, Prakash S. Design of a novel gut bacterial adhesion model for probiotic applications. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 41:116-24. [PMID: 22889228 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.712047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new gut bacterial adhesion model has been developed. For this, a continuous-flow bioreactor packed with bacteria-coated beads was designed to simulate the gut lining and other features. In vitro model efficacy shows successful bacterial cell gut adhesions: bacterial adhesion was higher with mucin-alginate compared to controls. In feasibility study, adhesion of Lactobacillus fermentum NCIMB 5221 and Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 701359 was investigated for their metabolic activities for bile salt. Bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-active Lactobacillus reuteri exerted higher activity than non-BSH-active L. fermentum. This model has potential use in gut health, probiotic, bacterial cell gut adhesion and other delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Rodes
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, McGill University, Duff Medical Building, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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