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Li X, Qin H, Anwar A, Zhang X, Yu F, Tan Z, Tang Z. Molecular mechanism analysis of m6A modification-related lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in regulating autophagy in acute pancreatitis. Islets 2022; 14:184-199. [PMID: 36218109 PMCID: PMC9559333 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2022.2132099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-messenger RNA (mRNA) network in regulating autophagy and affecting the occurrence and development of acute pancreatitis (AP). RNA-seq datasets related to AP were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and merged after batch effect removal. lncRNAs significantly related to m6A in AP, namely candidate lncRNA, were screened by correlation analysis and differential expression analysis. In addition, candidate autophagy genes were screened through the multiple databases. Furthermore, the key pathways for autophagy to play a role in AP were determined by functional enrichment analysis. Finally, we predicted the miRNAs binding to genes and lncRNAs through TargetScan, miRDB and DIANA TOOLS databases and constructed two types of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks mediated by upregulated and downregulated lncRNAs in AP. Nine lncRNAs related to m6A were differentially expressed in AP, and 21 candidate autophagy genes were obtained. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway and Forkhead box O (FoxO) signaling pathway might be the key pathways for autophagy to play a role in AP. Finally, we constructed a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. An upregulated lncRNA competitively binds to 13 miRNAs to regulate 6 autophagy genes, and a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in which 2 downregulated lncRNAs competitively bind to 7 miRNAs to regulate 2 autophagy genes. m6A modification-related lncRNA Pvt1, lncRNA Meg3 and lncRNA AW112010 may mediate the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network, thereby regulating autophagy to affect the development of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Critical Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
- Emergency Department (one), Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Hong Qin
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Ali Anwar
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
- Food and Nutrition Society Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Xingwen Zhang
- Emergency Department (three), Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yu
- Emergency Department (one), Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Tan
- Emergency Department (one), Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhanhong Tang
- Critical Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
- CONTACT Zhanhong Tang Critical Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning530021, Guangxi, P.R. China
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2
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Metabolomics and biochemical insights on the regulation of aging-related diabetes by a low-molecular-weight polysaccharide from green microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100316. [PMID: 35774637 PMCID: PMC9237631 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharide (CPP) have hypoglycemic activity and oxidation resistance. CPP prevents oxidative stress and stimulates insulin via affecting phenylpyruvic acid. CPP can regulate the GLP-1R/IL-6R and ZO-1/MMP-2 pathways. CPP activated BCL-6 to promote cell survival in brain.
Globally, aging and diabetes are considered prevalent threats to human health. Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharide (CPP) is a natural active ingredient with multiple health benefits including antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities. In this study, the aging-related diabetic (AD) mice model was established to investigate the underlying hypoglycemic and antioxidant mechanisms of CPP. It improved superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and malondialdehyde activities in liver and insulin secretion. CAT and GSH-px activity in the brain increased after CPP administration. In addition, through histopathological examinations, it was evident that injuries in the liver, brain, jejunum, and pancreas were restored by CPP. This restoration was likely mediated via the activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor/FOXO-1 (forkhead box O1) pathway concurrent with the inhibition of interleukin-6 receptor/FOXO-1 pathway. Furthermore, metabolomics and correlation analysis revealed that CPP possibly relived AD through changes in insulin levels and declined oxidative stress as regulated by phenylpyruvic acid. These findings suggested that CPP exerted antioxidant and hypoglycemic roles in an AD mice model, thereby providing a sound scientific foundation for further development and utilization of CPP.
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Ouyang Y, Liu D, Zhang L, Li X, Chen X, Zhao C. Green Alga Enteromorpha prolifera Oligosaccharide Ameliorates Ageing and Hyperglycemia through Gut-Brain Axis in Age-Matched Diabetic Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100564. [PMID: 34894199 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To investigate the anti-ageing and anti-diabetic effects of Enteromorpha prolifera oligosaccharide (EPO) in age-matched streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. METHODS AND RESULTS LC-MS metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing is used to identify the brain metabolites and gut microbiota, respectively. EPO could significantly improve glucose metabolism and activity of total superoxide dismutase in serum. It also could regulate the tricarboxylic acid cycle, arginine, and inosine-related metabolic pathways in the brain of aged diabetic mice. Inosine is found to enhance the relative expressions of daf-2, daf-16, and skn-1 in insulin-resistant Caenorhabditis elegans. Additionally, EPO could alter the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in mice. It could upregulate the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3/Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1)/B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6) pathways in the brain and the c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK)/FOXO1/Bcl-6 signaling axis in the intestine to regulate glucose metabolite status and ageing in mice. EPO could also improve the levels of glucagon-like peptide type 1 (GLP1) expression in the gut, thereby inducing high expression of GLP1 receptor in the brain to control glucose metabolites through the brain-gut axis. Enterococcus is negatively correlated with AMP in the brain and could be a potential hallmark species in age-related diabetes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that EPO could be a potential novel natural drug for the treatment of diabetes in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhen Ouyang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lizhu Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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4
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Chan JY, Bensellam M, Lin RCY, Liang C, Lee K, Jonas JC, Laybutt DR. Transcriptome analysis of islets from diabetes-resistant and diabetes-prone obese mice reveals novel gene regulatory networks involved in beta-cell compensation and failure. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21608. [PMID: 33977593 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100009r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underpinning beta-cell compensation for obesity-associated insulin resistance and beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes remain poorly understood. We used a large-scale strategy to determine the time-dependent transcriptomic changes in islets of diabetes-prone db/db and diabetes-resistant ob/ob mice at 6 and 16 weeks of age. Differentially expressed genes were subjected to cluster, gene ontology, pathway and gene set enrichment analyses. A distinctive gene expression pattern was observed in 16 week db/db islets in comparison to the other groups with alterations in transcriptional regulators of islet cell identity, upregulation of glucose/lipid metabolism, and various stress response genes, and downregulation of specific amino acid transport and metabolism genes. In contrast, ob/ob islets displayed a coordinated downregulation of metabolic and stress response genes at 6 weeks of age, suggestive of a preemptive reconfiguration in these islets to lower the threshold of metabolic activation in response to increased insulin demand thereby preserving beta-cell function and preventing cellular stress. In addition, amino acid transport and metabolism genes were upregulated in ob/ob islets, suggesting an important role of glutamate metabolism in beta-cell compensation. Gene set enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes identified the enrichment of binding motifs for transcription factors, FOXO4, NFATC1, and MAZ. siRNA-mediated knockdown of these genes in MIN6 cells altered cell death, insulin secretion, and stress gene expression. In conclusion, these data revealed novel gene regulatory networks involved in beta-cell compensation and failure. Preemptive metabolic reconfiguration in diabetes-resistant islets may dampen metabolic activation and cellular stress during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng Yie Chan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed Bensellam
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Pôle D'endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ruby C Y Lin
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cassandra Liang
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kailun Lee
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean-Christophe Jonas
- Pôle D'endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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5
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Lu Y, Li Y, Li G, Lu H. Identification of potential markers for type 2 diabetes mellitus via bioinformatics analysis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1868-1882. [PMID: 32705173 PMCID: PMC7411335 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial and multigenetic disease, and its pathogenesis is complex and largely unknown. In the present study, microarray data (GSE201966) of β-cell enriched tissue obtained by laser capture microdissection were downloaded, including 10 control and 10 type 2 diabetic subjects. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of microarray data in the context of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks was employed, combined with subcellular location information to mine the potential candidate genes for T2DM and provide further insight on the possible mechanisms involved. First, differential analysis screened 108 differentially expressed genes. Then, 83 candidate genes were identified in the layered network in the context of PPI via network analysis, which were either directly or indirectly linked to T2DM. Of those genes obtained through literature retrieval analysis, 27 of 83 were involved with the development of T2DM; however, the rest of the 56 genes need to be verified by experiments. The functional analysis of candidate genes involved in a number of biological activities, demonstrated that 46 upregulated candidate genes were involved in ‘inflammatory response’ and ‘lipid metabolic process’, and 37 downregulated candidate genes were involved in ‘positive regulation of cell death’ and ‘positive regulation of cell proliferation’. These candidate genes were also involved in different signaling pathways associated with ‘PI3K/Akt signaling pathway’, ‘Rap1 signaling pathway’, ‘Ras signaling pathway’ and ‘MAPK signaling pathway’, which are highly associated with the development of T2DM. Furthermore, a microRNA (miR)-target gene regulatory network and a transcription factor-target gene regulatory network were constructed based on miRNet and NetworkAnalyst databases, respectively. Notably, hsa-miR-192-5p, hsa-miR-124-5p and hsa-miR-335-5p appeared to be involved in T2DM by potentially regulating the expression of various candidate genes, including procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 2, connective tissue growth factor and family with sequence similarity 105, member A, protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1 A and C-C motif chemokine receptor 4. Smad5 and Bcl6, as transcription factors, are regulated by ankyrin repeat domain 23 and transmembrane protein 37, respectively, which might also be used in the molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy of T2DM. Taken together, the results of the present study may offer insight for future genomic-based individualized treatment of T2DM and help determine the underlying molecular mechanisms that lead to T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Lu
- Key Laboratory of Dai and Southern Medicine of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, P.R. China
| | - Yihang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dai and Southern Medicine of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, P.R. China
| | - Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dai and Southern Medicine of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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6
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Coller HA. The paradox of metabolism in quiescent stem cells. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2817-2839. [PMID: 31531979 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The shift between a proliferating and a nonproliferating state is associated with significant changes in metabolic needs. Proliferating cells tend to have higher metabolic rates, and their metabolic profiles facilitate biosynthesis, as compared to those of nondividing cells of the same sort. Recent studies have elucidated specific molecules that control metabolic changes while cells shift between proliferation and quiescence. Embryonic stem cells, which are rapidly proliferating, tend to have metabolic patterns that are similar to those of nonstem cells in a proliferative state. Moreover, although adult stem cells tend to be quiescent, their metabolic profiles have been reported in multiple organs to more closely resemble those of proliferating than those of nondividing cells in some respects. The findings raise questions about whether there are metabolic profiles that are required for stemness, and whether these profiles relate to the metabolic properties that may be required for quiescence. Here, we review the literature on how metabolism changes upon commitment to proliferation and compare the proliferating and nonproliferating metabolic states of differentiated cells and embryonic and adult stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Coller
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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7
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Pyrzynska B, Dwojak M, Zerrouqi A, Morlino G, Zapala P, Miazek N, Zagozdzon A, Bojarczuk K, Bobrowicz M, Siernicka M, Machnicki MM, Gobessi S, Barankiewicz J, Lech-Maranda E, Efremov DG, Juszczynski P, Calado D, Golab J, Winiarska M. FOXO1 promotes resistance of non-Hodgkin lymphomas to anti-CD20-based therapy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1423183. [PMID: 29721381 PMCID: PMC5927521 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1423183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diminished overall survival rate of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients treated with a combination regimen of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP) has been recently linked to recurrent somatic mutations activating FOXO1. Despite of the clinical relevance of this finding, the molecular mechanism driving resistance to R-CHOP therapy remains largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the potential role of FOXO1 in the therapeutic efficacy of rituximab, the only targeted therapy included in the R-CHOP regimen. We found CD20 transcription is negatively regulated by FOXO1 in NHL cell lines and in human lymphoma specimens carrying activating mutations of FOXO1. Furthermore, both the expression of exogenous mutants of FOXO1 and the inhibition of AKT led to FOXO1 activation in lymphoma cells, increased binding to MS4A1 promoter and diminished CD20 expression levels. In contrast, a disruption of FOXO1 with CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing (sgFOXO1) resulted in CD20 upregulation, improved the cytotoxicity induced by rituximab and the survival of mice with sgFOXO1 tumors. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of FOXO1 activity in primary samples upregulated surface CD20 levels. Importantly, FOXO1 was required for the downregulation of CD20 levels by the clinically tested inhibitors of BTK, SYK, PI3K and AKT. Taken together, these results indicate for the first time that the AKT-unresponsive mutants of FOXO1 are important determinant of cell response to rituximab-induced cytotoxicity, and suggest that the genetic status of FOXO1 together with its transcriptional activity need further attention while designing anti-CD20 antibodies based regimens for the therapy of pre-selected lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Pyrzynska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Dwojak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Piotr Zapala
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nina Miazek
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Kamil Bojarczuk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marta Siernicka
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin M. Machnicki
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefania Gobessi
- Department of Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Joanna Barankiewicz
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Lech-Maranda
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dimitar G. Efremov
- Department of Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Przemyslaw Juszczynski
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dinis Calado
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Kings College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Qiu WL, Zhang YW, Feng Y, Li LC, Yang L, Xu CR. Deciphering Pancreatic Islet β Cell and α Cell Maturation Pathways and Characteristic Features at the Single-Cell Level. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1194-1205.e4. [PMID: 28467935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β and α cells play essential roles in maintaining glucose homeostasis. However, the mechanisms by which these distinct cell populations are generated, expand, and mature during pancreas development remain unclear. In this study, we addressed this critical question by performing a single-cell transcriptomic analysis of mouse β and α cells sorted from fetal to adult stages. We discovered that β and α cells use different regulatory strategies for their maturation and that cell proliferation peaks at different developmental times. However, the quiescent and proliferative cells in both the β lineage and α lineage are synchronous in their maturation states. The heterogeneity of juvenile β cells reflects distinct cell-cycling phases, origins, and maturation states, whereas adult β cells are relatively homogeneous at the transcriptomic level. These analyses provide not only a high-resolution roadmap for islet lineage development but also insights into the mechanisms of cellular heterogeneity, cell number expansion, and maturation of both β and α cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu-Wei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin-Chen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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9
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Xie MM, Amet T, Liu H, Yu Q, Dent AL. AMP kinase promotes Bcl6 expression in both mouse and human T cells. Mol Immunol 2016; 81:67-75. [PMID: 27898346 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Bcl6 is a master regulator of follicular helper T (TFH) cells, and understanding the signaling pathway that induces Bcl6 and TFH cell differentiation is therefore critical. IL-2 produced during T cell activation inhibits Bcl6 expression but how TFH cells evade IL-2 inhibition is not completely understood. Here we show that Bcl6 is highly up-regulated in activated CD4 T cells following glucose deprivation (GD), and this pathway is insensitive to inhibition by IL-2. Similar to GD, the glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) inhibits glycolysis, and 2DG induced Bcl6 expression in activated CD4 T cells. The metabolic sensor AMP kinase (AMPK) is activated when glycolysis is decreased, and the induction of Bcl6 by GD was inhibited by the AMPK antagonist compound C. Additionally, activation of AMPK by the drug AICAR caused Bcl6 up-regulation in activated CD4 T cells. When mice were immunized with KLH using AICAR as an adjuvant, there was a strong TFH-dependent enhancement of KLH-specific antibody (Ab) responses, and higher Bcl6 expression in TFH cells in vivo. Activation of AMPK strongly induced BCL6 and the up-regulation of TFH cell marker expression by human CD4 T cells. Our data reveal a major new pathway for TFH cell differentiation, conserved by both mouse and human T cells. Mature TFH cells are reported to have a lower metabolic state compared to TH1 cells. Our data indicates that decreased metabolism may be deterministic for TFH cell differentiation, and not simply a result of TFH cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tohti Amet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Qigui Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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10
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Contribution and underlying mechanisms of CXCR4 overexpression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 14:842-849. [PMID: 27665947 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of CXCR4 has been indicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the mechanism of CXCR4 dysregulation in SLE is unclear. This study is aimed to explore the clinical significance and possible mechanisms of abnormal CXCR4 expression on B cells from patients with untreated SLE. Expression of CXCR4 on peripheral B cells was determined by flow cytometry and western blotting. Freshly isolated B cells were cultured with exogenous interleukin 21(IL-21) in the presence or absence of CD40 ligand (CD40L) plus anti-IgM antibody (aIgM), and changes in CXCR4 expression were detected. Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Janus kinase/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathways was assessed by adding blocking agents Ly294002 and AG490. Since CD63 is reported to mediate endosomal recruitment of CXCR4 and BCL6 is capable of silencing CD63 gene transcription, we also measured BCL6 and CD63 gene transcription with real-time PCR. It was shown that CXCR4 expression on B cells was significantly upregulated in SLE patients, especially in those with lupus nephritis, and was positively correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index scores and negatively with the serum complement 3 levels (P<0.05). Downregulation of CXCR4 by IL-21 was intact. In contrast, a similar effect of aIgM plus CD40L in downregulating CXCR4 expression was defective in SLE patients but was restored by co-stimulation with IL-21 in vitro. Both Ly294002 and AG490 promoted downregulation of surface CXCR4 expression on B cells from SLE patients (P=0.078 and P=0.064). Furthermore, B cells from SLE patients exhibited diminished CD63 mRNA and enhanced BCL6 mRNA expression (both P<0.05). To sum up, CXCR4 was overexpressed on SLE B cells, positively correlating with disease activity and kidney involvement. Overactivation of the PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT pathways as well as defective CD63 synthesis may contribute to CXCR4 dysregulation in SLE.
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11
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Zeng Q, Tao X, Huang F, Wu T, Wang J, Jiang X, Kuang Z, Cheng B. Overexpression of miR-155 promotes the proliferation and invasion of oral squamous carcinoma cells by regulating BCL6/cyclin D2. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1274-80. [PMID: 26986233 PMCID: PMC4829132 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although microRNA-155 (miR-155) is known to play an important role in many cancers, its expression and function in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was not fully understood. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the expression of miR-155 and also the role this miR plays in OSCC. We used the OSCC cell line (CAL27) and paired tumor and non-tumor tissue samples from patients with OSCC in order to detect the expression of miR-155. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays were then undertaken in order to determine the effect of miR-155 on the biological behavior of CAL27 cells following transient transfection with miR-155 mimic and antagomir. The regulatory effect of miR-155 on its target gene B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 (BCL6) and downstream gene cyclin D2 (CCND2) was also analyzed. We found that miR-155 expression in OSCC cell and tumor tissues was significantly higher than that of the controls. We noted that the miR-155 mimic enhanced CAL27 cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability, downregulated BCL6 levels, and increased cyclin D2 expression. However, we noted that abrogating miR-155 with the miR-155 antagomir suppressed CAL27 cell proliferation, migration and invasion, upregulated BCL6 and reduced cyclin D2 expression. These results indicate that miR-155 plays a tumor-promoting role in OSCC by regulating the BCL6/cyclin D2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zeng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoan Tao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Zirong Kuang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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12
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Shrestha A, Nepal S, Kim MJ, Chang JH, Kim SH, Jeong GS, Jeong CH, Park GH, Jung S, Lim J, Cho E, Lee S, Park PH. Critical Role of AMPK/FoxO3A Axis in Globular Adiponectin-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:357-69. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
| | - Saroj Nepal
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Chang
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy; Keimyung University; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy; Keimyung University; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Hwan Park
- College of Pharmacy; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghee Jung
- Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jaecheong Lim
- Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Eunha Cho
- Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
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13
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Jiao H, Wang K, Yang F, Grant SFA, Hakonarson H, Price RA, Li WD. Pathway-Based Genome-Wide Association Studies for Plasma Triglycerides in Obese Females and Normal-Weight Controls. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134923. [PMID: 26308950 PMCID: PMC4550433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathway-based analysis as an alternative approach can provide complementary information to single-marker genome-wide association studies (GWASs), which always ignore the epistasis and does not have sufficient power to find rare variants. In this study, using genotypes from a genome-wide association study (GWAS), pathway-based association studies were carried out by a modified Gene Set Enrichment Algorithm (GSEA) method (GenGen) for triglyceride in 1028 unrelated European-American extremely obese females (BMI≥35kg/m2) and normal-weight controls (BMI<25kg/m2), and another pathway association analysis (ICSNPathway) was also used to verify the GenGen result in the same data. The GO0009110 pathway (vitamin anabolism) was among the strongest associations with triglyceride (empirical P<0.001); the result remained significant after FDR correction (P = 0.022). MMAB, an obesity-related locus, included in this pathway. The ABCG1 and BCL6 gene was found in several triglyceride-related pathways (empirical P<0.05), which were also replicated by ICSNPathway (empirical P<0.05, FDR<0.05). We also performed single-marked GWAS using PLINK for TG levels (log-transformed). Significant associations were found between ASTN2 gene SNPs and plasma triglyceride levels (rs7035794, P = 2.24×10−10). Our study suggested that vitamin anabolism pathway, BCL6 gene pathways and ASTN2 gene may contribute to the genetic variation of plasma triglyceride concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiao Jiao
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States of America
| | - Fuhua Yang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Struan F. A. Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America
| | - R. Arlen Price
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WDL); (RAP)
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WDL); (RAP)
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14
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Oh YS. Mechanistic insights into pancreatic beta-cell mass regulation by glucose and free fatty acids. Anat Cell Biol 2015; 48:16-24. [PMID: 25806118 PMCID: PMC4371177 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2015.48.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islets are responsible for blood glucose homeostasis. Reduced numbers of functional (insulin-secreting) beta-cells in pancreatic islets underlies diabetes. Restoration of the secretion of the proper amount of insulin is a goal. Beta-cell mass is increased by neogenesis, proliferation and cell hypertrophy, and is decreased by beta-cell death primarily through apoptosis. Many hormones and nutrients affect beta-cell mass, and glucose and free fatty acid are thought to be the most important determinants of beta-cell equilibrium. A number of molecular pathways have been implicated in beta-cell mass regulation and have been studied. This review will focus on the role of the principle metabolites, glucose and free fatty acid, and the downstream signaling pathways regulating beta-cell mass by these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Sin Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea. ; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
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15
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Park YS, Kang JW, Lee DH, Kim MS, Bak Y, Yang Y, Lee HG, Hong J, Yoon DY. Interleukin-32α downregulates the activity of the B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 protein by inhibiting protein kinase Cε-dependent SUMO-2 modification. Oncotarget 2014; 5:8765-77. [PMID: 25245533 PMCID: PMC4226720 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A proinflammatory cytokine IL-32 acts as an intracellular mediator. IL-32α interacts with many intracellular molecules, but there are no reports of interaction with a transcriptional repressor BCL6. In this study, we showed that PMA induces an interaction between IL-32α, PKCε, and BCL6, forming a trimer. To identify the mechanism of the interaction, we treated cells with various inhibitors. In HEK293 and THP-1 cell lines, treatment with a pan-PKC inhibitor, PKCε inhibitor, and PKCδ inhibitor decreased BCL6 and IL-32α protein expression. MAPK inhibitors and classical PKC inhibitor did not decrease PMA-induced BCL6 and IL-32α protein expression. Further, the pan-PKC inhibitor and PKCε inhibitor disrupted PMA-induced interaction between IL-32α and BCL6. These data demonstrate that the intracellular interaction between IL-32α and BCL6 is induced by PMA-activated PKCε. PMA induces post-translational modification of BCL6 by conjugation to SUMO-2, while IL-32α inhibits. PKCε inhibition eliminated PMA-induced SUMOylation of BCL6. Inhibition of BCL6 SUMOylation by IL-32α affected the cellular function and activity of the transcriptional repressor BCL6 in THP-1 cells. Thus, we showed that IL-32α is a negative regulator of the transcriptional repressor BCL6. IL-32α inhibits BCL6 SUMOylation by activating PKCε, resulting in the modulation of BCL6 target genes and cellular functions of BCL6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Kang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Man Sub Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yesol Bak
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Yang
- Research Center for Women's Disease, Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - JinTae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Lin G, LaPensee CR, Qin ZS, Schwartz J. Reciprocal occupancy of BCL6 and STAT5 on Growth Hormone target genes: contrasting transcriptional outcomes and promoter-specific roles of p300 and HDAC3. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 395:19-31. [PMID: 25088465 PMCID: PMC4176921 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the Growth Hormone (GH)-stimulated gene Socs2 (Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 2) is mediated by the transcription activator STAT5 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5) and the transcription repressor BCL6 (B-Cell Lymphoma 6). ChIP-Sequencing identified Cish (Cytokine-Inducible SH2-containing protein) and Bcl6 as having similar patterns of reciprocal occupancy by BCL6 and STAT5 in response to GH, though GH stimulates Cish and inhibits Bcl6 expression. The co-activator p300 occupied Socs2, Cish and Bcl6 promoters, and enhanced STAT5-mediated activation of Socs2 and Cish. In contrast, on Bcl6, p300 functioned as a repressor and inhibited in conjunction with STAT5 or BCL6. The co-repressor HDAC3 (Histone deacetylase 3) inhibited the Socs2, Cish and Bcl6 promoters in the presence of STAT5. Thus transcriptional outcomes on GH-regulated genes occupied by BCL6 and STAT5 are determined in a promoter-specific fashion by co-regulatory proteins which mediate the distinction between activating and repressive transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Lin
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher R LaPensee
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhaohui S Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica Schwartz
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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17
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Deficiency of the transcriptional repressor B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) is accompanied by dysregulated lipid metabolism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97090. [PMID: 24892698 PMCID: PMC4043531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional repressor B-cell Lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) was recently identified in a profile of genes regulated in adipocytes, suggesting a relationship between Bcl6 and metabolic regulation. As a representative target gene repressed by Bcl6, Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (Socs) 2 expression was elevated in Bcl6 deficient (KO) mice, including metabolic tissues liver, adipose tissue and muscle, as well as in spleen and thymus. Bcl6 occupied the Socs2 promoter in wild-type, but not Bcl6 KO mice, suggesting direct regulation of Socs2 by Bcl6 in vivo. Mice deficient in Bcl6 were found to exhibit multiple features of dysregulated lipid metabolism. Adipose tissue mass was dramatically reduced or absent in Bcl6 KO mice. Further, hepatic and serum triglycerides were low. Bcl6 deficiency was accompanied by decreased hepatic expression of Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1) and Fatty acid synthase (Fasn) genes which encode lipogenic enzymes. Expression of the gene for the transcription factor Carbohydrate-Responsive Element Binding Protein (Chrebp), which regulates expression of lipogenic genes, was also reduced in liver of Bcl6 KO mice. Bcl6 deficiency disrupted fasting-induced increases in hepatic triglyceride deposition, but not decreases in lipogenic gene expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that in addition to its well-recognized roles in immune regulation, Bcl6 plays a role in regulatory events of lipid metabolism, and that in the absence of Bcl6, lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue is dysregulated.
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18
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Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor β/δ and B-Cell Lymphoma-6 in Regulation of Genes Involved in Metastasis and Migration in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. PPAR Res 2013; 2013:121956. [PMID: 23737761 PMCID: PMC3659435 DOI: 10.1155/2013/121956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PPARβ/δ is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates various cellular functions via induction of target genes directly or in concert with its associated transcriptional repressor, BCL-6. Matrix remodeling proteinases are frequently over-expressed in pancreatic cancer and are involved with metastasis. The present study tested the hypothesis that PPARβ/δ is expressed in human pancreatic cancer cells and that its activation could regulate MMP-9, decreasing cancer cells ability to transverse the basement membrane. In human pancreatic cancer tissue there was significantly higher expression of MMP-9 and PPARβ/δ, and lower levels of BCL-6 mRNA. PPARβ/δ activation reduced the TNF α -induced expression of various genes implicated in metastasis and reduced the invasion through a basement membrane in cell culture models. Through the use of short hairpin RNA inhibitors of PPARβ/δ, BCL-6, and MMP-9, it was evident that PPARβ/δ was responsible for the ligand-dependent effects whereas BCL-6 dissociation upon GW501516 treatment was ultimately responsible for decreasing MMP-9 expression and hence invasion activity. These results suggest that PPARβ/δ plays a role in regulating pancreatic cancer cell invasion through regulation of genes via ligand-dependent release of BCL-6 and that activation of the receptor may provide an alternative therapeutic method for controlling migration and metastasis.
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19
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Hedrick SM, Hess Michelini R, Doedens AL, Goldrath AW, Stone EL. FOXO transcription factors throughout T cell biology. Nat Rev Immunol 2012; 12:649-61. [PMID: 22918467 PMCID: PMC3875397 DOI: 10.1038/nri3278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of an infection with any given pathogen varies according to the dosage and route of infection, but, in addition, the physiological state of the host can determine the efficacy of clearance, the severity of infection and the extent of immunopathology. Here we propose that the forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factor family--which is central to the integration of growth factor signalling, oxidative stress and inflammation--provides connections between physical well-being and the form and magnitude of an immune response. We present a case that FOXO transcription factors guide T cell differentiation and function in a context-driven manner, and might provide a link between metabolism and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Hedrick
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0377, USA.
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20
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Altieri P, Spallarossa P, Barisione C, Garibaldi S, Garuti A, Fabbi P, Ghigliotti G, Brunelli C. Inhibition of doxorubicin-induced senescence by PPARδ activation agonists in cardiac muscle cells: cooperation between PPARδ and Bcl6. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46126. [PMID: 23049957 PMCID: PMC3458009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence and apoptosis are two distinct cellular programs that are activated in response to a variety of stresses. Low or high doses of the same stressor, i.e., the anticancer drug doxorubicin, may either induce apoptosis or senescence, respectively, in cardiac muscle cells. We have demonstrated that PPARδ, a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that controls lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity and inflammation, is also involved in the doxorubicin-induced senescence program. This occurs through its interference with the transcriptional repressor protein B cell lymphoma-6 (Bcl6). Low doses of doxorubicin increase the expression of PPARδ that sequesters Bcl6, thus preventing it from exerting its anti-senescent effects. We also found that L-165041, a specific PPARδ activator, is highly effective in protecting cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced senescence through a Bcl6 related mechanism. In fact, L-165041 increases Bcl6 expression via p38, JNK and Akt activation, and at the same time it induces the release of Bcl6 from PPARδ, thereby enabling Bcl6 to bind to its target genes. L-165041 also prevented apoptosis induced by higher doses of doxorubicin. However, while experiments performed with siRNA analysis techniques very clearly showed the weight of Bcl6 in the cellular senescence program, no role was found for Bcl6 in the anti-apoptotic effects of L-165041, thus confirming that senescence and apoptosis are two very distinct stress response cellular programs. This study increases our understanding of the molecular mechanism of anthracycline cardiotoxicity and suggests a potential role for PPARδ agonists as cardioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Altieri
- Research Centre of Cardiovascular Biology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
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21
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Igoillo-Esteve M, Gurzov EN, Eizirik DL, Cnop M. The transcription factor B-cell lymphoma (BCL)-6 modulates pancreatic {beta}-cell inflammatory responses. Endocrinology 2011; 152:447-56. [PMID: 21190961 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease with a strong inflammatory component. We have previously shown that expression of the transcriptional repressor B-cell lymphoma (BCL)-6 is very low in pancreatic β-cells, which may favor prolonged proinflammatory responses after exposure to the cytokines IL-1β and interferon γ. Here we investigated whether cytokine-induced inflammation and apoptosis can be prevented in β-cells by BCL-6 expression using plasmid, prolactin, and adenoviral approaches. The induction of mild or abundant BCL-6 expression in β-cells by prolactin or an adenoviral BCL-6 expression construct, respectively, reduced cytokine-induced inflammatory responses in a dose-dependent manner through inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation. BCL-6 decreased Fas and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production, but it inhibited the expression of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and JunB while increasing the expression of the proapoptotic death protein 5. The net result of these opposite effects was an augmentation of β-cell apoptosis. In conclusion, BCL-6 expression tones down the unrestrained cytokine-induced proinflammatory response of β-cells but it also favors gene networks leading to apoptosis. This suggests that cytokine-induced proinflammatory and proapoptotic signals can be dissociated in β-cells. Further understanding of these pathways may open new possibilities to improve β-cell survival in early type 1 diabetes or after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Igoillo-Esteve
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Erasmus Hospital, Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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22
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Lock LT, Laychock SG, Tzanakakis ES. Pseudoislets in stirred-suspension culture exhibit enhanced cell survival, propagation and insulin secretion. J Biotechnol 2011; 151:278-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Buchakjian MR, Kornbluth S. The engine driving the ship: metabolic steering of cell proliferation and death. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2010; 11:715-27. [PMID: 20861880 DOI: 10.1038/nrm2972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic activity is a crucial determinant of a cell's decision to proliferate or die. Although it is not fully understood how metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway communicate to cell cycle and apoptotic effectors, it is clear that a complex network of signalling molecules is required to integrate metabolic inputs. D-type cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, the anaphase-promoting complex, p53, caspase 2 and B cell lymphoma 2 proteins, among others, have been shown to be regulated by metabolic crosstalk. Elucidating these pathways is of great importance, as metabolic aberrations and their downstream effects are known to contribute to the aetiology of cancer and degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa R Buchakjian
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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