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Harata A, Hirakawa M, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Hashimoto C. Nucleotide receptor P2RY4 is required for head formation via induction and maintenance of head organizer in Xenopus laevis. Dev Growth Differ 2018; 61:186-197. [PMID: 30069871 PMCID: PMC7379700 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrates have unique head structures that are mainly composed of the central nervous system, the neural crest, and placode cells. These head structures are brought about initially by the neural induction between the organizer and the prospective neuroectoderm at early gastrula stage. Purinergic receptors are activated by nucleotides released from cells and influence intracellular signaling pathways, such as phospholipase C and adenylate cyclase signaling pathways. As P2Y receptor is vertebrate‐specific and involved in head formation, we expect that its emergence may be related to the acquisition of vertebrate head during evolution. Here, we focused on the role of p2ry4 in early development in Xenopus laevis and found that p2ry4 was required for the establishment of the head organizer during neural induction and contributed to head formation. We showed that p2ry4 was expressed in the head organizer region and the prospective neuroectoderm at early gastrula stage, and was enriched in the head components. Disruption of p2ry4 function resulted in the small head phenotype and the reduced expression of marker genes specific for neuroectoderm and neural border at an early neurula stage. Furthermore, we examined the effect of p2ry4 disruption on the establishment of the head organizer and found that a reduction in the expression of head organizer genes, such as dkk1 and cerberus, and p2ry4 could also induce the ectopic expression of these marker genes. These results suggested that p2ry4 plays a key role in head organizer formation. Our study demonstrated a novel role of p2ry4 in early head development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chikara Hashimoto
- JT Biohistory Research Hall, Takatsuki, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
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Schöneberg T, Meister J, Knierim AB, Schulz A. The G protein-coupled receptor GPR34 - The past 20 years of a grownup. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 189:71-88. [PMID: 29684466 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Research on GPR34, which was discovered in 1999 as an orphan G protein-coupled receptor of the rhodopsin-like class, disclosed its physiologic relevance only piece by piece. Being present in all recent vertebrate genomes analyzed so far it seems to improve the fitness of species although it is not essential for life and reproduction as GPR34-deficient mice demonstrate. However, closer inspection of macrophages and microglia, where it is mainly expressed, revealed its relevance in immune cell function. Recent data clearly demonstrate that GPR34 function is required to arrest microglia in the M0 homeostatic non-phagocytic phenotype. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on its evolution, genomic and structural organization, physiology, pharmacology and relevance in human diseases including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, which accumulated over the last 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jaroslawna Meister
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Alexander Bernd Knierim
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela Schulz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Diaz C, Labit-Le Bouteiller C, Yvon S, Cambon-Kernëis A, Roasio A, Jamme MF, Aries A, Feuillerat C, Perret E, Guette F, Dieu P, Miloux B, Albène D, Hasel N, Kaghad M, Ferran E, Lupker J, Ferrara P. A Strategy Combining Differential Low-Throughput Screening and Virtual Screening (DLS-VS) Accelerating the Discovery of new Modulators for the Orphan GPR34 Receptor. Mol Inform 2013; 32:213-29. [PMID: 27481282 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The DLS-VS strategy was developed as an integrated method for identifying chemical modulators for orphan GPCRs. It combines differential low-throughput screening (DLS) and virtual screening (VS). The two cascaded techniques offer complementary advantages and allow the experimental testing of a minimal number of compounds. First, DLS identifies modulators specific for the considered receptor among a set of receptors, through the screening of a small library with diverse chemical compounds. Then, an active molecular model of the receptor is built by homology to a validated template, and it is progressively refined by rotamers modification for key side-chains, by VS of the already screened library, and by iterative selection of the model generating the best enrichment. The refined active model is finally used for the VS of a large chemical library and the selection of a small set of compounds for experimental testing. Applied to the orphan receptor GPR34, the DLS-VS strategy combined the experimental screening of 20 000 compounds and the virtual screening of 1 250 000 compounds. It identified one agonist and eight inverse agonists, showing a high chemical diversity. We describe the method. The strategy can be applied to other GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantino Diaz
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156.
| | - Christine Labit-Le Bouteiller
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Stéphane Yvon
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Aimée Cambon-Kernëis
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Annette Roasio
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Marie-Françoise Jamme
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Amélie Aries
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Claude Feuillerat
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Eric Perret
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Fréderique Guette
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Pierre Dieu
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Brigitte Miloux
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Danielle Albène
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Nathalie Hasel
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Mourad Kaghad
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Edgardo Ferran
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Jan Lupker
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
| | - Pascual Ferrara
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse, France fax: +33534632156
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