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Brisset M, Mehlen P, Meurette O, Hollande F. Notch receptor/ligand diversity: contribution to colorectal cancer stem cell heterogeneity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1231416. [PMID: 37860822 PMCID: PMC10582728 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1231416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell heterogeneity is a key contributor to therapeutic failure and post-treatment recurrence. Targeting cell subpopulations responsible for chemoresistance and recurrence seems to be an attractive approach to improve treatment outcome in cancer patients. However, this remains challenging due to the complexity and incomplete characterization of tumor cell subpopulations. The heterogeneity of cells exhibiting stemness-related features, such as self-renewal and chemoresistance, fuels this complexity. Notch signaling is a known regulator of cancer stem cell (CSC) features in colorectal cancer (CRC), though the effects of its heterogenous signaling on CRC cell stemness are only just emerging. In this review, we discuss how Notch ligand-receptor specificity contributes to regulating stemness, self-renewal, chemoresistance and cancer stem cells heterogeneity in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Brisset
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Meurette
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Hollande
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Boroumand-Noughabi S, Pashaee A, Montazer M, Rahmati A, Ayatollahi H, Sadeghian MH, Keramati MR. Investigating the Expression Pattern of the SETMAR Gene Transcript Variants in Childhood Acute Leukemia: Revisiting an Old Gene. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 45:e603-e608. [PMID: 36706314 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chimeric enzyme SETMAR (or Metnase) has been associated with several DNA processes, including DNA damage repair through the non-homologous joining pathway and suppression of chromosomal translocation in mouse fibroblasts. SETMAR overexpression has been reported in certain cancers suggesting that it might contribute to the establishment or progression of these cancers. In leukemia, the SETMAR gene transcript variants have not been widely studied. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify 3 predominant SETMAR variants in 2 types of childhood acute leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS In this study, using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the relative expression of 3 SETMAR transcript variants (Var 1, Var 2, and Var A) were evaluated in the bone marrow samples collected from 30 newly diagnosed patients with AML, 65 newly diagnosed patients with ALL, and 15 healthy individuals. RESULTS The expression of SETMAR variants 1 and A were significantly higher in AML patients compared with controls ( P =0.02, and P =0.009, respectively). Variant A expression was significantly higher in ALL compared with controls ( P =0.003). When comparing the expression in translocation-positive and negative subgroups, the expression of variant 1 was significantly higher in translocation-positive ALL patients ( P =0.03). The variants' distribution patterns differed concerning translocation status ( P =0.041), as variants 1 and A were dominant in the translocation-positive ALL group, and variant 2 was more prevalent in translocation-negative ones. CONCLUSIONS According to the results, SETMAR showed increased expression in pediatric acute leukemia's bone marrow samples, indicating a role for this molecule in leukemia pathogenesis. As this is the first report of SETMAR expression in pediatric leukemias, further studies are needed to investigate the causality of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Boroumand-Noughabi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad
| | | | | | - Atefe Rahmati
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Hossein Ayatollahi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad
| | - Mohammad Hadi Sadeghian
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad
| | - Mohammad Reza Keramati
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad
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3
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DiNatale A, Castelli MS, Nash B, Meucci O, Fatatis A. Regulation of Tumor and Metastasis Initiation by Chemokine Receptors. J Cancer 2022; 13:3160-3176. [PMID: 36118530 PMCID: PMC9475358 DOI: 10.7150/jca.72331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are a rare sub-population of cells within the bulk of a tumor that are major contributors to tumor initiation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. TICs have a stem-cell-like phenotype that is dictated by the expression of master regulator transcription factors, including OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2. These transcription factors are expressed via activation of multiple signaling pathways that drive cancer initiation and progression. Importantly, these same signaling pathways can be activated by select chemokine receptors. Chemokine receptors are increasingly being revealed as major drivers of the TIC phenotype, as their signaling can lead to activation of stemness-controlling transcription factors. Additionally, the cell surface expression of chemokine receptors provides a unique therapeutic target to disrupt signaling pathways that control the expression of master regulator transcription factors and the TIC phenotype. This review summarizes the master regulator transcription factors known to dictate the TIC phenotype, along with the complex signaling pathways that can mediate their expression and the chemokine receptors that are most upstream of this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony DiNatale
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.,Present Address: Janssen Oncology, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Maria Sofia Castelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.,Present address: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bradley Nash
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.,Program in Immune Cell Regulation & Targeting, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Alessandro Fatatis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.,Program in Translational and Cellular Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Tellier M. Structure, Activity, and Function of SETMAR Protein Lysine Methyltransferase. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121342. [PMID: 34947873 PMCID: PMC8704517 DOI: 10.3390/life11121342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SETMAR is a protein lysine methyltransferase that is involved in several DNA processes, including DNA repair via the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway, regulation of gene expression, illegitimate DNA integration, and DNA decatenation. However, SETMAR is an atypical protein lysine methyltransferase since in anthropoid primates, the SET domain is fused to an inactive DNA transposase. The presence of the DNA transposase domain confers to SETMAR a DNA binding activity towards the remnants of its transposable element, which has resulted in the emergence of a gene regulatory function. Both the SET and the DNA transposase domains are involved in the different cellular roles of SETMAR, indicating the presence of novel and specific functions in anthropoid primates. In addition, SETMAR is dysregulated in different types of cancer, indicating a potential pathological role. While some light has been shed on SETMAR functions, more research and new tools are needed to better understand the cellular activities of SETMAR and to investigate the therapeutic potential of SETMAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tellier
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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Xiu M, Zeng X, Shan R, Wen W, Li J, Wan R. Targeting Notch4 in Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:7033-7045. [PMID: 34526819 PMCID: PMC8436177 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s315511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of Notch signaling is found in many cancers and is closely related to cancer progression. As an important Notch receptor, abnormal Notch4 expression affects several tumor-cell behaviors, including stemness, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, radio/chemoresistance and angiogenesis. In order to inhibit the oncogenic effects of Notch4 activation, several methods for targeting Notch4 signaling have been proposed. In this review, we summarize the known molecular mechanisms through which Notch4 affects cancer progression. Finally, we discuss potential Notch4-targeting therapeutic strategies as a reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Xiu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Zeng
- Imaging Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Renfeng Shan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhua Wan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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6
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Abad E, Graifer D, Lyakhovich A. DNA damage response and resistance of cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 474:106-117. [PMID: 31968219 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) model defines tumors as hierarchically organized entities, containing a small population of tumorigenic CSC, or tumour-initiating cells, placed at the apex of this hierarchy. These cells may share common qualities with chemo- and radio-resistant cancer cells and contribute to self-renewal activities resulting in tumour formation, maintenance, growth and metastasis. Yet, it remains obscure what self-defense mechanisms are utilized by these cells against the chemotherapeutic drugs or radiotherapy. Recently, attention has been focused on the pivotal role of the DNA damage response (DDR) in tumorigenesis. In line with this note, an increased DDR that prevents CSC and chemoresistant cells from genotoxic pressure of chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation may be responsible for cancer metastasis. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge concerning the role of DDR in CSC and resistant cancer cells and describe the existing opportunities of re-sensitizing such cells to modulate therapeutic treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etna Abad
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Vall D'Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
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The Pancreatic Cancer-Initiating Cell Marker CD44v6 Affects Transcription, Translation, and Signaling: Consequences for Exosome Composition and Delivery. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:3516973. [PMID: 31485223 PMCID: PMC6702834 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3516973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer-initiating cells (PaCIC) express CD44v6 and Tspan8. A knockdown (kd) of these markers hinders the metastatic capacity, which can be rescued, if the cells are exposed to CIC-exosomes (TEX). Additional evidence that CD44v6 regulates Tspan8 expression prompted us to explore the impact of these PaCIC markers on nonmetastatic PaCa and PaCIC-TEX. We performed proteome, miRNA, and mRNA deep sequencing analyses on wild-type, CD44v6kd, and Tspan8kd human PaCIC and TEX. Database comparative analyses were controlled by qRT-PCR, Western blot, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. Transcriptome analysis of CD44 versus CD44v6 coimmunoprecipitating proteins in cells and TEX revealed that Tspan8, several signal-transducing molecules including RTK, EMT-related transcription factors, and proteins engaged in mRNA processing selectively associate with CD44v6 and that the membrane-attached CD44 intracytoplasmic tail supports Tspan8 and NOTCH transcription. Deep sequencing uncovered a CD44v6 contribution to miRNA processing. Due to the association of CD44v6 with Tspan8 in internalization prone tetraspanin-enriched membrane domains (TEM) and the engagement of Tspan8 in exosome biogenesis, most CD44v6-dependent changes were transferred into TEX such that the input of CD44v6 to TEX activities becomes largely waved in both a CD44v6kd and a Tspan8kd. Few differences between CD44v6kd- and Tspan8kd-TEX rely on CD44v6 being also recovered in non-TEM derived TEX, highlighting distinct TEX delivery from individual cells that jointly account for TEX-promoted target modulation. This leads us to propose a model in which CD44v6 strongly supports tumor progression by cooperating with signaling molecules, altering transcription of key molecules, and through its association with the mRNA processing machinery. The association of CD44v6 with Tspan8, which plays a crucial role in vesicle biogenesis, promotes metastases by transferring CD44v6 activities into TEM and TEM-independently derived TEX. Further investigations of the lead position of CD44v6 in shifting metastasis-promoting activities into CIC-TEX may offer a means of targeting TEX-CD44v6 in therapeutic applications.
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8
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Abstract
Cancer-initiating cells (CIC) are the driving force in tumor progression. There is strong evidence that CIC fulfill this task via exosomes (TEX), which modulate and reprogram stroma, nontransformed cells, and non-CIC. Characterization of CIC, besides others, builds on expression of CIC markers, many of which are known as metastasis-associated molecules. We here discuss that the linkage between CIC/CIC-TEX and metastasis-associated molecules is not fortuitously, but relies on the contribution of these markers to TEX biogenesis including loading and TEX target interactions. In addition, CIC markers contribute to TEX binding- and uptake-promoted activation of signaling cascades, transcription initiation, and translational control. Our point of view will be outlined for pancreas and colon CIC highly expressing CD44v6, Tspan8, EPCAM, claudin7, and LGR5, which distinctly but coordinately contribute to tumor progression. Despite overwhelming progress in unraveling the metastatic cascade and the multiple tasks taken over by CIC-TEX, there remains a considerable gap in linking CIC biomarkers, TEX, and TEX-initiated target modulation with metastasis. We will try to outline possible bridges, which could allow depicting pathways for new and expectedly powerful therapeutic interference with tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Pancreas Section, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany.
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9
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Enz N, Vliegen G, De Meester I, Jungraithmayr W. CD26/DPP4 - a potential biomarker and target for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 198:135-159. [PMID: 30822465 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)4 is a membrane-bound protein found in many cell types of the body, and a soluble form is present in body fluids. There is longstanding evidence that various primary tumors and also metastases express CD26/DPP4 to a variable extent. By cleaving dipeptides from peptides with a proline or alanine in the penultimate position at the N-terminus, it regulates the activity of incretin hormones, chemokines and many other peptides. Due to these effects and interactions with other molecules, a tumor promoting or suppressing role can be attributed to CD26/DPP4. In this review, we discuss the existing evidence on the expression of soluble or membrane-bound CD26/DPP4 in malignant diseases, along with the most recent findings on CD26/DPP4 as a therapeutic target in specific malignancies. The expression and possible involvement of the related DPP8 and DPP9 in cancer are also reviewed. A higher expression of CD26/DPP4 is found in a wide variety of tumor entities, however more research on CD26/DPP4 in the tumor microenvironment is needed to fully explore its use as a tumor biomarker. Circulating soluble CD26/DPP4 has also been studied as a cancer biomarker, however, the observed decrease in most cancer patients does not seem to be cancer specific. Encouraging results from experimental work and a recently reported first phase clinical trial targeting CD26/DPP4 in mesothelioma, renal and urological tumors pave the way for follow-up clinical studies, also in other tumor entities, possibly leading to the development of more effective complementary therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njanja Enz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Gwendolyn Vliegen
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Wolfgang Jungraithmayr
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
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10
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Essaadi A, Nollet M, Moyon A, Stalin J, Simoncini S, Balasse L, Bertaud A, Bachelier R, Leroyer AS, Sarlon G, Guillet B, Dignat-George F, Bardin N, Blot-Chabaud M. Stem cell properties of peripheral blood endothelial progenitors are stimulated by soluble CD146 via miR-21: potential use in autologous cell therapy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9387. [PMID: 29925894 PMCID: PMC6010456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies constitute a real hope for the treatment of ischaemic diseases. One of the sources of endothelial progenitors for autologous cell therapy is Endothelial Colony Forming Cells (ECFC) that can be isolated from peripheral blood. However, their use is limited by their low number in the bloodstream and the loss of their stem cell phenotype associated with the acquisition of a senescent phenotype in culture. We hypothesized that adding soluble CD146, a novel endothelial growth factor with angiogenic properties, during the isolation and growth procedures could improve their number and therapeutic potential. Soluble CD146 increased the number of isolated peripheral blood ECFC colonies and lowered their onset time. It prevented cellular senescence, induced a partial mesenchymal phenotype and maintained a stem cell phenotype by stimulating the expression of embryonic transcription factors. These different effects were mediated through the induction of mature miR-21. When injected in an animal model of hindlimb ischaemia, sCD146-primed ECFC isolated from 40 ml of blood from patients with peripheral arterial disease were able to generate new blood vessels and restore blood flow. Treatment with sCD146 could thus constitute a promising strategy to improve the use of autologous cells for the treatment of ischaemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Essaadi
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Nollet
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Anaïs Moyon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France.,CERIMED (European Center of Research in Medical Imaging), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jimmy Stalin
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | | | - Laure Balasse
- CERIMED (European Center of Research in Medical Imaging), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Gabrielle Sarlon
- Service of Vascular Surgery, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Guillet
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France.,CERIMED (European Center of Research in Medical Imaging), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Nathalie Bardin
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France
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Zhang F, Sun H, Zhang S, Yang X, Zhang G, Su T. Overexpression of PER3 Inhibits Self-Renewal Capability and Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer Stem-Like Cells via Inhibition of Notch and β-Catenin Signaling. Oncol Res 2016; 25:709-719. [PMID: 27983919 PMCID: PMC7841129 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14772331883976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PER3, a circadian clock gene, plays an important role in colorectal cancer, but its action and underlying mechanism in colorectal cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) remain unclear. In this study, the colorectal CSCs were enriched in colorectal HCT-116 sphere-forming cells, expressing lower levels of stem cell markers CD133, CD44, LGR5, and SOX2 compared with HCT-116 cells. A drug-resistant strain from HCT-116 was established. Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis showed that PER3 was downregulated in colorectal CSCs and drug-resistant HCT-116. Overexpression of PER3 could strengthen 5-FU-induced inhibitory effects on colorectal CSCs, but knockdown of PER3 decreased its inhibition of colorectal CSCs. In addition, overexpression of PER3 in colorectal CSCs resulted in reduced colony formation efficiency in a soft agar medium and self-renewal efficiency. Inversely, knockdown of PER3 enhanced self-renewal of colorectal CSCs. Overexpression of PER3 decreased stemness markers and Notch1, Jagged1, β-catenin, c-Myc, and LGR5 in colorectal CSCs. When Notch or β-catenin signaling was inhibited, the chemoresistance and self-renewal capability of colorectal CSCs were decreased. It was confirmed that PER3 can reduce chemoresistance and self-renewal capability of colorectal CSCs via inhibition of Notch and β-catenin signaling. Our results reveal that PER3 plays a critical role in maintaining the stemness of colorectal CSCs and may be a promising target for elimination of CSCs.
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Heiler S, Wang Z, Zöller M. Pancreatic cancer stem cell markers and exosomes - the incentive push. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5971-6007. [PMID: 27468191 PMCID: PMC4948278 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i26.5971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) has the highest death rate and incidence is increasing. Poor prognosis is due to late diagnosis and early metastatic spread, which is ascribed to a minor population of so called cancer stem cells (CSC) within the mass of the primary tumor. CSC are defined by biological features, which they share with adult stem cells like longevity, rare cell division, the capacity for self renewal, differentiation, drug resistance and the requirement for a niche. CSC can also be identified by sets of markers, which for pancreatic CSC (Pa-CSC) include CD44v6, c-Met, Tspan8, alpha6beta4, CXCR4, CD133, EpCAM and claudin7. The functional relevance of CSC markers is still disputed. We hypothesize that Pa-CSC markers play a decisive role in tumor progression. This is fostered by the location in glycolipid-enriched membrane domains, which function as signaling platform and support connectivity of the individual Pa-CSC markers. Outside-in signaling supports apoptosis resistance, stem cell gene expression and tumor suppressor gene repression as well as miRNA transcription and silencing. Pa-CSC markers also contribute to motility and invasiveness. By ligand binding host cells are triggered towards creating a milieu supporting Pa-CSC maintenance. Furthermore, CSC markers contribute to the generation, loading and delivery of exosomes, whereby CSC gain the capacity for a cell-cell contact independent crosstalk with the host and neighboring non-CSC. This allows Pa-CSC exosomes (TEX) to reprogram neighboring non-CSC towards epithelial mesenchymal transition and to stimulate host cells towards preparing a niche for metastasizing tumor cells. Finally, TEX communicate with the matrix to support tumor cell motility, invasion and homing. We will discuss the possibility that CSC markers are the initial trigger for these processes and what is the special contribution of CSC-TEX.
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Yahyanejad S, Theys J, Vooijs M. Targeting Notch to overcome radiation resistance. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7610-28. [PMID: 26713603 PMCID: PMC4884942 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy represents an important therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cancer cells. However, it often fails to eliminate all tumor cells because of the intrinsic or acquired treatment resistance, which is the most common cause of tumor recurrence. Emerging evidences suggest that the Notch signaling pathway is an important pathway mediating radiation resistance in tumor cells. Successful targeting of Notch signaling requires a thorough understanding of Notch regulation and the context-dependent interactions between Notch and other therapeutically relevant pathways. Understanding these interactions will increase our ability to design rational combination regimens that are more likely to be safe and effective. Here we summarize the role of Notch in mediating resistance to radiotherapy, the different strategies to block Notch in cancer cells and how treatment scheduling can improve tumor response. Finally, we discuss a need for reliable Notch related biomarkers in specific tumors to measure pathway activity and to allow identification of a subset of patients who are likely to benefit from Notch targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Yahyanejad
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW, School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Theys
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW, School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Vooijs
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW, School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Nlandu Khodo S, Neelisetty S, Woodbury L, Green E, Harris RC, Zent R, Gewin L. Deleting the TGF-β receptor in proximal tubules impairs HGF signaling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F499-510. [PMID: 26739889 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00446.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) play key roles in regulating the response to renal injury but are thought to mediate divergent effects on cell behavior. However, how TGF-β signaling alters the response to HGF in epithelia, the key site of HGF signaling in the injured kidney, is not well studied. Contrary to our expectation, we showed that deletion of the TGF-β type II receptor in conditionally immortalized proximal tubule (PT) cells impaired HGF-dependent signaling. This reduced signaling was due to decreased transcription of c-Met, the HGF receptor, and the TGF-β-dependent c-Met transcription and increased response to HGF in PT cells were mediated by the Notch pathway. The interactions of TGF-β, HGF, and Notch pathways had biologically significant effects on branching morphogenesis, cell morphology, migration, and proliferation. In conclusion, epithelial TGF-β signaling promotes HGF signaling in a Notch-dependent pathway. These findings suggest that TGF-β modulates PT responses not only by direct effects, but also by affecting other growth factor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stellor Nlandu Khodo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Surekha Neelisetty
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Luke Woodbury
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth Green
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Leslie Gewin
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;
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15
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Apostolou P, Toloudi M, Papasotiriou I. Identification of genes involved in breast cancer and breast cancer stem cells. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2015. [PMID: 26203276 PMCID: PMC4507490 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s85202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in women. Great progress has been made in its treatment but relapse is common. One hypothesis to account for the high recurrence rates is the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple malignant cell types. This study aimed to determine genes that are expressed in breast cancer and breast CSCs and to investigate their correlation with stemness. RNA was extracted from established breast cancer cell lines and from CSCs derived from five different breast cancer patients. DNA microarray analysis was performed and any upregulated genes were also studied in other cancer types, including colorectal and lung cancer. For genes that were expressed only in breast cancer, knockdown-based experiments were performed. Finally, the gene expression levels of stemness transcription factors were measured. The outcome of the analysis indicated a group of genes that were aberrantly expressed mainly in breast cancer cells with stemness properties. Knockdown experiments confirmed the impact of several of these on NANOG, OCT3/4, and SOX2 transcription factors. It seems that several genes that are not directly related with hormone metabolism and basic signal transduction pathways might have an important role in relapse and disease progression and, thus, can be targeted for new treatment approaches for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Apostolou
- Research and Development Department, Research Genetic Cancer Centre Ltd, Florina, Greece
| | - Maria Toloudi
- Research and Development Department, Research Genetic Cancer Centre Ltd, Florina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papasotiriou
- Research and Development Department, Research Genetic Cancer Centre Ltd, Florina, Greece
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16
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Coexpression of c-Met and Notch-1 correlates with poor prognosis in resected non-small-cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7053-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Davies S, Beckenkamp A, Buffon A. CD26 a cancer stem cell marker and therapeutic target. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 71:135-8. [PMID: 25960228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) comprise a tumor subpopulation responsible for tumor maintenance, resistance to chemotherapy, recurrence and metastasis. The identification of this cell group is very important, but there is still no consensus on its characterization. Several CSC markers have been described, like CD133, CD24, CD44 and ALDH1, but more research to identify new markers to facilitate the identification of CSC in a heterogeneous tumoral mass is required. Thus, this article describes the CD26 expression as a CSC marker and the role that it plays in different types of cancer. CD26 expression correlates with some characteristics of CSCs, like the formation of spheres in vitro, formation of new tumors, and resistance to chemotherapy. CD26 is therefore suggested as an auxiliary marker for CSC in different types of cancer, and as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Davies
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Cytological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Beckenkamp
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Cytological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andréia Buffon
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Cytological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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18
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Deng C, Chen H, Jin HY, Wang SM. Tumorigenic features of colon cancer stem cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:363-372. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i3.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the tumorigenic features of colon cancer stem cells and to analyze their clinical significance.
METHODS: HT-29 colon cancer cells were cultured in serum free medium, and the expression of CD133 and CD44 was detected by flow cytometry. The inhibitory effect of 5-flurouracil (5-Fu) on HT-29 cells and HT-29 cancer stem cells was assessed, and the tumorigenic features of HT-29 cancer stem cells were studied using a mouse model.
RESULTS: Hoechest33342 staining showed that less intense nuclear staining was observed in HT-29 cancer stem cells compared with HT-29 cancer cells. The positive expression rates of CD133 and CD44 were 44.6% and 0.6% in HT-29 cells, and 92.6% and 97.8% in HT-29 cancer stem cells, respectively. HT-29 cancer stem cells were resistant to 5-Fu and the half maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC) of 5-Fu was 13.087 µg/mL, significantly higher than that for HT-29 cells (1.394 µg/mL). In mouse models, the growth rate of HT-29 cancer stem cells was slower than that of HT-29 cells, but the growth rate of HT-29 cancer stem cells in lymph nodes was more quickly than that under the skin.
CONCLUSION: There is a small proportion of cancer stem cells among HT-29 colon cancer cell line. Colon cancer stem cell can be isolated by culture in serum-free medium, and the stem cells show 5-Fu resistance. Colon cancer stem cells can progress to mature cancer cells in a proper microenvironment, which implies that changing the microenvironments of cancer stem cells can prevent the cancer stem cells from progressing to mature cancer cells.
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Apostolou P, Toloudi M, Kourtidou E, Mimikakou G, Vlachou I, Chatziioannou M, Kipourou V, Papasotiriou I. Potential role for the Metnase transposase fusion gene in colon cancer through the regulation of key genes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109741. [PMID: 25333365 PMCID: PMC4198141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Metnase fusion gene consists of a SET histone methyltransferase domain and a transposase domain from Mariner transposase. This transposable element is involved in chromosome decatenation, enhances DNA repair, promotes foreign DNA integration, and assists topoisomerase II function. This study investigates the role of Metnase in colon cancer homeostasis and maintenance of the stemness phenotype in colon cancer stem cells (CSCs). Silencing of Metnase was performed in human cancer cell lines before and after treatment with cisplatin, and in colon CSCs. Subsequent changes in the expression of genes involved in repair mechanisms, DNA synthesis, topoisomerase II function, and metastasis as well stemness transcription factors were studied with RT-qPCR experiments. Cellular viability and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. The results suggest that Metnase influences the expression of many genes involved in the above processes. Furthermore, Metnase levels appear to impact upon expression of NANOG, OCT3/4, and SOX2. Suppression of Metnase also led to an increase in apoptosis. Therefore, Metnase may possess an important role in DNA repair, topoisomerase II function, and the maintenance of stemness during colon cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Toloudi
- Research Genetic Cancer Centre Ltd (R.G.C.C. Ltd), Filotas, Florina, Greece
| | - Eleni Kourtidou
- Research Genetic Cancer Centre Ltd (R.G.C.C. Ltd), Filotas, Florina, Greece
| | - Georgia Mimikakou
- Research Genetic Cancer Centre Ltd (R.G.C.C. Ltd), Filotas, Florina, Greece
| | - Ioanna Vlachou
- Research Genetic Cancer Centre Ltd (R.G.C.C. Ltd), Filotas, Florina, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki Kipourou
- Research Genetic Cancer Centre Ltd (R.G.C.C. Ltd), Filotas, Florina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papasotiriou
- Research Genetic Cancer Centre Ltd (R.G.C.C. Ltd), Filotas, Florina, Greece
- * E-mail:
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20
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Malaguarnera R, Belfiore A. The emerging role of insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling in cancer stem cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:10. [PMID: 24550888 PMCID: PMC3912738 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently exploit the IGF signaling, a fundamental pathway mediating development, cell growth, and survival. As a consequence, several components of the IGF signaling are deregulated in cancer and sustain cancer progression. However, specific targeting of IGF-IR in humans has resulted efficacious only in small subsets of cancers, making researches wondering whether IGF system targeting is still worth pursuing in the clinical setting. Although no definite answer is yet available, it has become increasingly clear that other components of the IGF signaling pathway, such as IR-A, may substitute for the lack of IGF-IR, and induce cancer resistance and/or clonal selection. Moreover, accumulating evidence now indicates that IGF signaling is a central player in the induction/maintenance of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell stemness, two strictly related programs, which play a key role in metastatic spread and resistance to cancer treatments. Here we review the evidences indicating that IGF signaling enhances the expression of transcription factors implicated in the EMT program and has extensive cross-talk with specific pathways involved in cell pluripotency and stemness maintenance. In turn, EMT and cell stemness activate positive feed-back mechanisms causing up-regulation of various IGF signaling components. These findings may have novel translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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