Role of toll-like receptors gene polymorphism in renal transplantation

Toll-like 4 receptor (TLR4) expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in renal transplant recipients with pre-transplant chronic interstitial nephritis indicates patients at risk of graft deterioration

Data binding the expression of Toll-like 4 receptor (TLR4ex), transplanted kidney function, and the cause of pre-transplant end-stage renal disease are scarcely available.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the relationship between pre-transplant chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN), TLR4ex and transplanted kidney function.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

TLR4ex was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 43 CIN kidney transplant recipients. We compared TLR4ex among 33 patients with pre-transplant chronic non-infectious interstitial nephritis (NIN) and 10 patients with pre-transplant chronic pyelonephritis (Py). At the beginning (Day-0) TLR4ex, as well as concentrations of cyclosporin A (CyA) and tacrolimus (TAC) were determined. Both CIN and NIN patients were divided according to the respective median of TLR4ex into groups of low-TLR4 expression (L-TLR4ex) and high-TLR4 expression (H-TLR4ex). Serum creatinine/glomerular filtration rate (sCr/EGFR) was assessed on Day-0 and after the follow-up (F-up). The magnitudes of sCr/EGFR change (ΔsCr/ΔEGFR) were evaluated. The treatment was maintained stable along the F-up period (median 11.9 months).

RESULTS

Day-0: in CIN with L-TLR4ex TAC was lower but sCr/EGFR were not different from H-TLR4ex; in Py TLR4ex and TAC were lower than in NIN with no difference in sCR/eGFR. After F-up: in CIN with L-TLR4ex sCR/EGFR and ΔsCr/ΔEGFR were worse than in H-TLR4ex; in Py sCR/EGFR and ΔsCr/ΔEGFR were worse than in NIN. The regression analysis points out prospective impact of Py and TLR4ex on sCR/eGFR and ΔsCr/ΔeGFR.

CONCLUSION

In CIN, both TLR4ex and Tac appear to be a useful positive predictor of the effectiveness of immunosuppression. Chronic pyelonephritis indirectly promotes faster progression of chronic transplanted kidney disease.

Role of toll-like receptors gene polymorphism in hepatocellular carcinoma

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), evolutionarily conserved innate, play important roles in the development of autoimmunity. TLRs proteins are localized on the cell surface or in endosomes and play critical roles in innate immune responses against different pathogens. Aberrant stimulation of the innate immune system through intracellular TLRs may lead to hyperactive immune responses and contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is the seventh most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and innate immune takes a most important role in HCC. There was no review to sum up the role of TLRs gene polymorphism in HCC. This review was performed to sum up the role of TLRs gene polymorphism in HCC.

Role of toll-like receptors in lung cancer

Lung cancer is a leading cause of death world-wide and the long-term survival rate for patients with lung cancer is one of the lowest for any cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), evolutionarily conserved innate, are expressed in a wide variety of tissues and cell types, and they play key role in the innate immune system. TLRs have been found to be expressed by some kinds of tumor cells. However, what is the biological function of TLRs on tumor cells and whether human lung cancer cells can express TLRs remain to be fully understood. This review was performed to sum up the role of TLRs in lung cancer.