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Cai J, Tan X, Hu Q, Pan H, Zhao M, Guo C, Zeng J, Ma X, Zhao Y. Flavonoids and Gastric Cancer Therapy: From Signaling Pathway to Therapeutic Significance. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:3233-3253. [PMID: 39081701 PMCID: PMC11287762 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s466470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent gastrointestinal tumor characterized by high mortality and recurrence rates. Current treatments often have limitations, prompting researchers to explore novel anti-tumor substances and develop new drugs. Flavonoids, natural compounds with diverse biological activities, are gaining increasing attention in this regard. We searched from PubMed, Web of Science, SpringerLink and other databases to find the relevant literature in the last two decades. Using "gastric cancer", "stomach cancers", "flavonoid", "bioflavonoid", "2-Phenyl-Chromene" as keywords, were searched, then analyzed and summarized the mechanism of flavonoids in the treatment of GC. It was revealed that the anti-tumor mechanism of flavonoids involves inhibiting tumor growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, as well as inducing cell death through various processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. Additionally, combining flavonoids with other chemotherapeutic agents like 5-FU and platinum compounds can potentially reduce chemoresistance. Flavonoids have also demonstrated enhanced biological activity when used in combination with other natural products. Consequently, this review proposes innovative perspectives for the development of flavonoids as new anti-GC agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Cai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui Guo
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Zhao M, Yang Y, Nian Q, Shen C, Xiao X, Liao W, Zheng Q, Zhang G, Chen N, Gong D, Tang J, Wen Y, Zeng J. Phytochemicals and mitochondria: Therapeutic allies against gastric cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 110:154608. [PMID: 36586205 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are the energy factories of cells with the ability to modulate the cell cycle, cellular differentiation, signal transduction, growth, and apoptosis. Existing drugs targeting mitochondria in cancer treatment have disadvantages of drug resistance and side effects. Phytochemicals, which are widely found in plants, are bioactive compounds that could facilitate the development of new drugs for gastric cancer. Studies have shown that some phytochemicals can suppress the development of gastric cancer. METHODS We searched for data from PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, and Embase databases from initial establishment to December 2021 to review the mechanism by which phytochemicals suppress gastric cancer cell growth by modulating mitochondrial function. Phytochemicals were classified and summarized by their mechanisms of action. RESULTS Phytochemicals can interfere with mitochondria through several mechanisms to reach the goal of promoting apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Some phytochemicals, e.g., daidzein and tetrandrine promoted cytochrome c spillover into the cytoplasm by modulating the members of the B-cell lymphoma-2 protein family and induced apoptotic body activity by activating the caspase protein family. Phytochemicals (e.g., celastrol and shikonin) could promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential. Several phytochemicals (e.g., berberine and oleanolic acid) activated mitochondrial apoptotic submission via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway, thereby triggering apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Several well-known phytochemicals that target mitochondria, including berberine, ginsenoside, and baicalein, showed the advantages of multiple targets, high efficacy, and fewer side effects. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemicals could target the mitochondria in the treatment of gastric cancer, providing potential directions and evidence for clinical translation. Drug discovery focused on phytochemicals has great potential to break barriers in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyuan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Qing Nian
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Caifei Shen
- Department of Endoscopy center, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Wenhao Liao
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Daoyin Gong
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
| | - Yueqiang Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China; Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
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Chou YC, Li S, Ho CT, Pan MH. Preparation and evaluation of self-microemulsifying delivery system containing 5-demethyltangeretin on inhibiting xenograft tumor growth in mice. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119134. [PMID: 32057886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
5-Demethyltangeretin (5-DTAN), a polymethoxylated flavone found in citrus peels, exhibits highly potent anti-cancer activity. However, 5-DTAN is a hydrophobic compound with poor aqueous solubility, which limits its oral bioavailability and efficacy. In this study, we aimed to develop and characterize an optimal self-microemulsifying delivery system (SMEDS) formulated for 5-DTAN and to assess its anticancer activity in a xenograft model. SMEDS is a lipid-based formulation and typically comprises oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant. The results from our solubility and compatibility test revealed that ethyl oleate and d-limonene were appropriate for use as an oil phases. The optimal formulation comprised ethyl oleate/d-limonene (10%/5%), Cremophor® EL (59.5%), and PEG 400 (25.5%). With this optimal formulation, the mean particle size was 97.1 ± 6.50 nm with the highest 5-DTAN loading (3.01 ± 0.38 mg/mL) determined by photon correlation spectroscopy. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) morphology of 5-DTAN microemulsion droplets demonstrated a spherical shape and uniform size. Our findings suggest that using 5-DTAN loading SMEDS is an effective approach for inhibiting tumor growth in colon cancer xenograft mice. In summary, this study is the first to successfully demonstrate that oral administration of 5-DTAN-loaded SMEDS serves as a promising nutraceutical for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chun Chou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing & Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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Autophagy in glioma cells: An identity crisis with a clinical perspective. Cancer Lett 2018; 428:139-146. [PMID: 29709703 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, autophagy has emerged as one of the critical cellular systems that control homeostasis. Besides management of normal homeostatic processes, autophagy can also be induced by tissue damage stress or by rapidly progressing tumors. During tumor progression, autophagy mediates a cellular reaction to the changes inside and outside of cells, which leads to tumor adaptation. Even though the regulation of autophagy seems universal and is a well-described process, its dysregulation and role in glioma progression remain an important topic of investigation. In this review, we summarize recent evidence of autophagy regulation in brain tumor tissues and possible interconnection between signaling pathways that govern cellular responses. This perspective may help to assess the qualitative differences and various outcomes in response to autophagy stimulation.
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Tang H, Wei W, Wang W, Zha Z, Li T, Zhang Z, Luo C, Yin H, Huang F, Wang Y. Effects of cultured Cordyceps mycelia polysaccharide A on tumor neurosis factor-α induced hepatocyte injury with mitochondrial abnormality. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 163:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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