1
|
Holcman K, Kostkiewicz M, Szot W, Ćmiel B, Mróz K, Stępień A, Graczyk K, Dziewięcka E, Karabinowska-Małocha A, Sachajko Z, Podolec P, Rubiś P. Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy in patients with unexplained increased left ventricular wall thickness. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING 2024; 40:1693-1703. [PMID: 38856962 PMCID: PMC11401791 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-024-03158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid cardiomyopathy (CA) was previously considered a rare disease; however, rapid advancements in imaging modalities have led to an increased frequency of its diagnosis. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the prevalence and clinical phenotype of transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) cardiomyopathy in patients exhibiting unexplained increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness. From 2020 to 2022, we enrolled 100 consecutive adults with unexplained increased LV wall thickness in the study. The analysis included clinical data, electrocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography, single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography with 3,3-disphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid, genetic testing. Overall, 18% of patients were diagnosed with CA, comprising 5% with light-chain amyloidosis, and 12% with ATTR. To evaluate associations with the ATTR diagnosis, a LOGIT model and multivariate analysis were applied. Notably, age, polyneuropathy, gastropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, lumbar spine stenosis, low voltage, ventricular arrhythmia, LV mass, LV ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain (GLS), E/A, E/E', right ventricle (RV) thickness, right atrium area, RV VTI, TAPSE, apical sparing, ground glass appearance of myocardium, thickening of interatrial septum, thickening of valves, and the "5-5-5" sign were found to be significantly associated with ATTR (p < 0.05). The best predictive model for ATTR diagnoses exhibited an area under the curve of 0.99, including LV mass, GLS and RV thickness. This study, conducted at a cardiology referral center, revealed that a very considerable proportion of patients with unexplained increased LV wall thickness may suffer from underlying CA. Moreover, the presence of ATTR should be considered in patients with increased LV mass accompanied by reduced GLS and RV thickening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Holcman
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Krakow, Poland.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Kostkiewicz
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Szot
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Hygiene and Dietetics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Ćmiel
- Faculty of Applied Mathematics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krystian Mróz
- Students Scientific Group of Heart Failure, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Stępień
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Graczyk
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Dziewięcka
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Karabinowska-Małocha
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Sachajko
- Students Scientific Group of Heart Failure, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Podolec
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Rubiś
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Annabi M, Carter‐Storch R, Zaroui A, Galat A, Oghina S, Kharoubi M, Bezard M, Derumeaux G, Fanen P, Lemonnier F, Poullot E, Itti E, Gallet R, Teiger E, Pibarot P, Damy T, Clavel M. Prevalence, Characteristics, and Impact on Prognosis of Aortic Stenosis in Patients With Cardiac Amyloidosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034723. [PMID: 38904242 PMCID: PMC11255711 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.034723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is frequently found in older patients with aortic stenosis (AS). However, the prevalence of AS among patients with CA is unknown. The objective was to study the prevalence and prognostic impact of AS among patients with CA. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospective registry comprising 976 patients with native aortic valves who were confirmed with wild type transthyretin amyloid (ATTRwt), hereditary variant transthyretin amyloid (ATTRv), or immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) CA. CA patients' echocardiograms were re-analyzed focusing on the aortic valve. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the mortality risk associated with moderate or greater AS in ATTRwt CA. The crude prevalence of AS among patients with CA was 26% in ATTRwt, 8% in ATTRv, and 5% in AL. Compared with population-based controls, all types of CA had higher age- and sex-standardized rate ratios (SRRs) of having any degree of AS (AL: SRR, 2.62; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [1.09-3.64]; ATTRv: SRR, 3.41; 95%CI [1.64-4.60]; ATTRwt: SRR, 10.8; 95%CI [5.25-14.53]). Compared with hospital controls, only ATTRwt had a higher SRR of having any degree of AS (AL: SRR, 0.97, 95%CI [0.56-1.14]; ATTRv: SRR, 1.27; 95%CI [0.85-1.44]; ATTRwt: SRR, 4.01; 95%CI [2.71-4.54]). Among patients with ATTRwt, moderate or greater AS was not associated with increased all-cause death after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95%CI [0.42-1.19]; P=0.19). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with CA, ATTRwt but not ATTRv or AL is associated with a higher prevalence of patients with AS compared with hospital controls without CA, even after adjusting for age and sex. In our population, having moderate or greater AS was not associated with a worse outcome in patients with ATTRwt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed‐Salah Annabi
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de PneumologieUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM U955, Team «Senescence, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases»Paris‐Est Créteil University (UPEC)CréteilFrance
| | - Rasmus Carter‐Storch
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de PneumologieUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
- Department of CardiologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Amira Zaroui
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM Unit U955Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA, Paris‐Est Créteil University, Val‐de‐Marne)CréteilFrance
| | - Arnault Galat
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM Unit U955Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA, Paris‐Est Créteil University, Val‐de‐Marne)CréteilFrance
| | - Silvia Oghina
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
| | - Mounira Kharoubi
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM Unit U955Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA, Paris‐Est Créteil University, Val‐de‐Marne)CréteilFrance
| | - Mélanie Bezard
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM Unit U955Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA, Paris‐Est Créteil University, Val‐de‐Marne)CréteilFrance
| | - Geneviève Derumeaux
- INSERM U955, Team «Senescence, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases»Paris‐Est Créteil University (UPEC)CréteilFrance
- AP‐HP, Department of PhysiologyHenri Mondor Hospital, FHU‐SENECCréteilFrance
| | - Pascale Fanen
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM Unit U955Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA, Paris‐Est Créteil University, Val‐de‐Marne)CréteilFrance
| | - François Lemonnier
- AP‐HP, Henri Mondor HospitalLymphoid Malignancies UnitCréteilFrance
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRBCréteilFrance
| | - Elsa Poullot
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRBCréteilFrance
- Department of PathologyAP‐HP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
| | - Emmanuel Itti
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM Unit U955Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA, Paris‐Est Créteil University, Val‐de‐Marne)CréteilFrance
| | - Romain Gallet
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM Unit U955Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA, Paris‐Est Créteil University, Val‐de‐Marne)CréteilFrance
| | - Emmanuel Teiger
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM Unit U955Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA, Paris‐Est Créteil University, Val‐de‐Marne)CréteilFrance
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de PneumologieUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Thibaud Damy
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM Unit U955Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA, Paris‐Est Créteil University, Val‐de‐Marne)CréteilFrance
| | - Marie‐Annick Clavel
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de PneumologieUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tingen HSA, Berends M, Tubben A, Bijzet J, Houwerzijl EJ, Muntinghe FLH, Kroesen BJ, van der Zwaag PA, van der Meer P, Slart RHJA, Hazenberg BPC, Nienhuis HLA. High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T to Exclude Cardiac Involvement in TTR Variant Carriers and ATTRv Amyloidosis Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:810. [PMID: 38337504 PMCID: PMC10856062 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Individuals carrying a pathogenic transthyretin gene variant (TTRv) are at high risk for developing hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis and are routinely screened for the development of cardiomyopathy (ATTRv-CM). This study aims to evaluate whether the cardiac biomarkers N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) can be used to rule out ATTRv-CM. (2) Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, data from 46 ATTRv-CM patients and 101 TTRv carriers and ATTRv amyloidosis patients without cardiomyopathy were included. Binary logistic regression models were used to assess the ability of NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT to predict the diagnosis of ATTRv-CM. An optimal cutoff for the relevant biomarker(s) was determined based on a sensitivity of ≥99% and the highest possible percentage of additional tests avoided (%ATA) in the index dataset. (3) Results: Hs-cTnT demonstrated the highest predictive capabilities for ATTRv-CM. The addition of NT-proBNP did not improve the predictive model. A hs-cTnT cutoff of <6 ng/L resulted in a 97% sensitivity and a negative predictive value of 95% with a %ATA of 30% in the validation dataset. (4) Conclusion: In conclusion, hs-cTnT is a useful biomarker for excluding cardiac involvement in TTRv carriers and ATTRv amyloidosis patients and it has the potential to prevent unnecessary diagnostic procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrea S. A. Tingen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen Amyloidosis Centre of Expertise, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Milou Berends
- Department of Internal Medicine, Groningen Amyloidosis Centre of Expertise, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands (H.L.A.N.)
| | - Alwin Tubben
- Department of Cardiology, Groningen Amyloidosis Centre of Expertise, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bijzet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Groningen Amyloidosis Centre of Expertise, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J. Houwerzijl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Groningen Amyloidosis Centre of Expertise, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands (H.L.A.N.)
| | - Friso L. H. Muntinghe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Groningen Amyloidosis Centre of Expertise, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands (H.L.A.N.)
| | - Bart-Jan Kroesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Groningen Amyloidosis Centre of Expertise, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A. van der Zwaag
- Department of Genetics, Groningen Amyloidosis Centre of Expertise, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, Groningen Amyloidosis Centre of Expertise, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Riemer H. J. A. Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen Amyloidosis Centre of Expertise, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bouke P. C. Hazenberg
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Groningen Amyloidosis Centre of Expertise, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans L. A. Nienhuis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Groningen Amyloidosis Centre of Expertise, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands (H.L.A.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dori A, Arad M, Wasserstrum Y, Pollak A, Nikitin V, Ben-David M, Shamash J, Nahum AH, Shavit-Stein E, Domachevsky L, Kuperstein R, Dominissini D, Shelestovich N, Sadeh M, Pras E, Greenbaum L. Ser77Tyr transthyretin amyloidosis in Israel: Initial manifestations and diagnostic features. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:553-567. [PMID: 36772971 PMCID: PMC10109316 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amyloidosis due to the transthyretin Ser77Tyr mutation (ATTRS77Y) is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder, characterized by carpal-tunnel syndrome, poly- and autonomic-neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy. However, related symptoms and signs are often nonspecific and confirmatory tests are required. We describe the age and frequency of early symptoms and diagnostic features among individuals of Jewish Yemenite descent in Israel. METHODS Records of mutation carriers were retrospectively reviewed. ATTRS77Y diagnosis was defined by the presence of amyloid in tissue and/or amyloid-related cardiomyopathy. RESULTS We identified the Ser77Tyr mutation at the heterozygous state in 19 amyloidosis patients (mean age at diagnosis: 62 ± 5.7 years, range 49-70) and 30 amyloid-negative carriers. The probability for disease diagnosis increased from 4.4% at age 49 to 100% at 70 and occurred earlier in males. Initial symptoms preceded diagnosis by 5 ± 3.8 years (range 0-12) and were commonly sensory changes in the extremities. Erectile dysfunction predated these in 8/13 (62%) males. In two patients cardiac preceded neurological symptoms. Two patients declined symptoms. Electrophysiological studies near the time of diagnosis indicated a median neuropathy at the wrist in 18/19 (95%) and polyneuropathy in 13/19 (68%). Skin biopsy revealed epidermal denervation in 15/16 (94%) patients. Cardiomyopathy was identified in 16/19 (84%). Sensory complaints or epidermal denervations were present in 17/30 (57%) of amyloid-negative carriers and co-occurred in 10/30 (33%). INTERPRETATION ATTRS77Y symptoms commonly occur after age 50, but may begin earlier. Median neuropathy, skin denervation and cardiomyopathy are frequently identified. Symptoms may be absent in patients and common in amyloid-negative carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Dori
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Arad
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yishay Wasserstrum
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Arthur Pollak
- Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vera Nikitin
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Merav Ben-David
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jana Shamash
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ayelet Hashachar Nahum
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Efrat Shavit-Stein
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liran Domachevsky
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Rafael Kuperstein
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Dan Dominissini
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The genomics Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Wohl Institute of Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Natalia Shelestovich
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Menachem Sadeh
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Elon Pras
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zegkos T, Gossios T, Ntelios D, Parcharidou D, Karvounis H, Efthimiadis G. Wild-Type Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy: The Gordian-Knot of Novel Therapeutic Regimens. Cardiol Rev 2023; 31:36-41. [PMID: 36469360 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wild-type TTR amyloidosis (wtATTR) represents a disease difficult to diagnose with poor prognosis. Increased clinical suspicion is key, allowing for timely diagnosis. Until recently, only off-label therapies were available but recent introduction of disease specific therapy has shown potential to alter the natural history of the disease. Tafamidis, the only currently approved drug for the therapy of wtATTR, provided significantly better survival and quality of life. However, not all subgroups of patients derived equal benefit. This, along with the increased cost of treatment raised question on whether treatment should be invariably administered through the wtATTR population. This review aims to summarize current evidence on the natural history and staging systems for wtATTR, as well as available treatment options. Special consideration is given to the selection process of patients who would be expected to gain maximum benefit from tafamidis treatment, based on an ethical and cost-effective point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zegkos
- From the 1st Cardiology Department, Center of Cardiomyopathies and Inherited Cardiac Diseases, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yue X, Yang L, Wang R, Chan Q, Yang Y, Wu X, Ruan X, Zhang Z, Wei Y, Wang F. The diagnostic value of multiparameter cardiovascular magnetic resonance for early detection of light-chain amyloidosis from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1017097. [PMID: 36330005 PMCID: PMC9623184 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1017097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early-stage amyloidosis of the heart is prone to be underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, increasing the risk of early heart failure and even death of the patient. To ensure timely intervention for cardiac light-chain amyloidosis (AL CA), it is vital to develop an effective tool for early identification of the disease. Recently, multiparameter cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has been used as a comprehensive tool to assess myocardial tissue characterization. We aimed to investigate the difference in left ventricular (LV) strain, native T1, extracellular volume (ECV), and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) between AL CA patients, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients (HCM), and healthy control subjects (HA). Moreover, we explored the value of multiparameter CMR for differential diagnosis of the early-stage AL CA patients from HCM patients, who shared similar imaging characteristics under LGE imaging. Methods A total of 38 AL CA patients, 16 HCM patients, and 17 HA people were prospectively recruited. All subjects underwent LGE imaging, Cine images, and T1 mapping on a 3T scanner. The LV LGE pattern was recorded as none, patchy or global. LV strain, native T1, and ECV were measured semi-automatically using dedicated CMR software. According to clinical and biochemical markers, all patients were classified as Mayo stage I/II and Mayo stage IIIa/IIIb. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to identify independent predictors of early-stage AL CA from HCM patients. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Youden’s test were done to determine the accuracy of multiparameter CMR in diagnosing Mayo stage I/II AL CA and establish a cut-off value. Results For Mayo stage I/II AL CA patients, the global longitudinal strain (GLS) absolute value (11.9 ± 3.0 vs. 9.5 ± 1.8, P < 0.001) and the global circumferential strain (GCS) absolute value (19.0 ± 3.6 vs. 9.5 ± 1.8, P < 0.001) were significantly higher than in HCM patients. The native T1 (1334.9 ± 49.9 vs. 1318.2 ± 32.4 ms, P < 0.0001) and ECV values (37.8 ± 5.7 vs. 31.3 ± 2.5%, P < 0.0001) were higher than that of HCM patients. In multiparameter CMR models, GCS (2.097, 95% CI: 1.292–3.403, P = 0.003), GLS (1.468, 95% CI: 1.078–1.998, P = 0.015), and ECV (0.727, 95% CI: 0.569–0.929, P = 0.011) were the significant variables for the discrimination of the early-stage AL CA patients from HCM patients. ROC curve analysis and Youden’s test were used on GCS, GLS, ECV, and pairwise parameters for differentiating between Mayo stage I/II AL CA and HCM patients, respectively. The combination of GLS, GCS, and ECV mapping could distinguish Mayo stage I/II AL amyloidosis patients from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with excellent performance (AUC = 0.969, Youden index = 0.813). Conclusion In early-stage AL CA patients with atypical LGE, who had similar imaging features as HCM patients, ECV mapping, GCS, and GLS were correlated with the clinical classification of the patients. The combination of GCS, GLS, and ECV could differentiate early-stage AL CA from HCM patients. Multiparameter CMR has the potential to provide an effective and quantitative tool for the early diagnosis of myocardial amyloidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lili Yang
- Medical Imaging Center, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The North University of Nationalities Teaching Hospital), Yinchuan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The North University of Nationalities Teaching Hospital), Yinchuan, China
| | - Queenie Chan
- Philips Healthcare, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanbing Yang
- Medical Imaging Center, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The North University of Nationalities Teaching Hospital), Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Medical Imaging Center, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The North University of Nationalities Teaching Hospital), Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaowei Ruan
- Medical Imaging Center, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The North University of Nationalities Teaching Hospital), Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Medical Imaging Center, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The North University of Nationalities Teaching Hospital), Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuping Wei
- Department of Hematology, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The North University of Nationalities Teaching Hospital), Yinchuan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The North University of Nationalities Teaching Hospital), Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Chaolu H. Diagnostic Role of NT-proBNP in Patients with Cardiac Amyloidosis Involvement: A Meta-Analysis. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 119:212-222. [PMID: 35544851 PMCID: PMC9363055 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamento A amiloidose é definida como um distúrbio caracterizado pela deposição de material proteico amiloide extracelular nos tecidos. Objetivos O N-terminal pró-peptídeo natriurético tipo-B (NT-proBNP) é usado para prever a amiloidose cardíaca (AC), mas seu efeito diagnóstico no comprometimento por AC ainda não é claro, especialmente em termos de especificidade e sensibilidade. Métodos Foi feita uma busca de literatura nos bancos de dados Pubmed, Embase e a biblioteca Cochrane, e o QUADAS 2 foi utilizado para avaliação da qualidade. O comando Midas no Stata 12.0 foi usado para analisar os indicadores dos sujeitos. O teste Q de Cochran e o I2 foram usados como testes de heterogeneidade, e a heterogeneidade significativa foi definida como p <0,05 e/ou I2 >50%. A análise de correlação de Spearman foi usada para avaliar o efeito de limiar, e o viés da publicação foi avaliado pelo teste de assimetria. A significância estatística foi definida em p <0,05. Resultados Como resultados, 10 conjuntos de dados de 7 estudos foram incluídos para análise, apresentando alta qualidade metodológica e pequenos vieses de confusão. A sensibilidade e a especificidade do NT-proBNP no diagnóstico do comprometimento cardíaco para pacientes com amiloidose foram 0,93 e 0,84, respectivamente. As curvas ROC também sugeriram uma validade diagnóstica alta do NT-proBNP com AUC de 0,95. Um nomograma de Fagan demonstrou que as probabilidades de NT-proBNP positivo e negativo no avanço do comprometimento por AC eram de 90% e 8%, respectivamente. O gráfico de funil de Deek não sugeriu viés significativo de publicação entre os estudos incluídos, e os resultados foram estáveis e confiáveis. Conclusões O NT-proBNP desempenha um papel positivo no diagnóstico precoce do comprometimento por AC, com alta sensibilidade e especificidade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Zhang
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Yingze District, Taiyuan - China
| | - Hasi Chaolu
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Yingze District, Taiyuan - China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lioncino M, Monda E, Palmiero G, Caiazza M, Vetrano E, Rubino M, Esposito A, Salerno G, Dongiglio F, D'Onofrio B, Verrillo F, Cerciello G, Manganelli F, Pacileo G, Bossone E, Golino P, Calabrò P, Limongelli G. Cardiovascular Involvement in Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis. Heart Fail Clin 2021; 18:73-87. [PMID: 34776085 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is a systemic disorder resulting from the extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils of misfolded transthyretin protein in the heart. ATTR-CA is a life-threatening disease, which can be caused by progressive deposition of wild type transthyretin (wtATTR) or by aggregation of an inherited mutated variant of transthyretin (mATTR). mATTR Is a rare condition transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner with incomplete penetrance, causing heterogenous phenotypes which can range from predominant neuropathic involvement, predominant cardiomyopathy, or mixed. Diagnosis of ATTR-CA is complex and requires integration of different imaging tools (echocardiography, bone scintigraphy, magnetic resonance) with genetics, clinical signs, laboratory tests, and histology. In recent years, new therapeutic agents have shown good efficacy and impact on survival and quality of life in this subset of patients, nevertheless patients affected by ATTR-CA may still carry an unfavorable prognosis, thus highlighting the need for new therapies. This review aims to assess cardiovascular involvement, diagnosis, and management of patients affected by ATTR-CA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Lioncino
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Monda
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palmiero
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Caiazza
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy; Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Rubino
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Augusto Esposito
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Gemma Salerno
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Francesca Dongiglio
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara D'Onofrio
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Verrillo
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cerciello
- Haematology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fiore Manganelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Pansini, 5, Naples 81025, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pacileo
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bossone
- Division of Cardiology, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Paolo Golino
- Vanvitelli Cardiology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80131, Italy; Department of Translational Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Department of Translational Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. "Sant'Anna & San Sebastiano", Caserta I-81100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College of London and St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oghina S, Josse C, Bézard M, Kharoubi M, Delbarre MA, Eyharts D, Zaroui A, Guendouz S, Galat A, Hittinger L, Fanen P, Teiger E, Mouri N, Montestruc F, Damy T. Prognostic Value of N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide and High-Sensitivity Troponin T Levels in the Natural History of Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy and Their Evolution after Tafamidis Treatment. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214868. [PMID: 34768388 PMCID: PMC8584290 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assesse the evolution and prognostic value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity troponin T (cTnT-HS) in transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CA) before and after tafamidis treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS 454 ATTR-CA patients without tafamidis (Cohort A) and 248 ATTR-CA with tafamidis (Cohort B) were enrolled. Event-free survival (EFS) events were death, heart transplant, or acute heart failure. In Cohort A, 27% of patients maintained NT-proBNP < 3000 ng/L and 14% cTnT-HS < 50 ng/L at 12 months relative to baseline levels. In Cohort B, the proportions were 49% and 29%, respectively. In Cohort A, among the 333 patients without an increased NT-proBNP > 50% relative to baseline EFS was extended compared to the 121 patients with an increased NT-proBNP > 50% (HR: 0.75 [0.57; 0.98]; p = 0.032). In Cohort A, baseline NT-proBNP > 3000 ng/L and cTnT-HS > 50 ng/L and a relative increase of NT-proBNP > 50% during follow-up were independent prognostic factors of EFS. The slopes of logs NT-proBNP and cTnT-HS increased with time before and stabilized after tafamidis. CONCLUSION ATTR-CA patients with increasing NT-proBNP had an increased risk of EFS. Tafamidis stabilize NT-proBNP and cTnT-HS increasing, even if initial NT-proBNP levels were >3000 ng/L. Thus suggesting that all patients, irrespective of baseline NT-proBNP levels, may benefit from tafamidis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Oghina
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Cardiology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (M.B.); (M.K.); (M.-A.D.); (D.E.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (A.G.); (L.H.); (E.T.); (T.D.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (P.F.); (N.M.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1498-122-53; Fax: +33-1498-142-24
| | | | - Mélanie Bézard
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Cardiology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (M.B.); (M.K.); (M.-A.D.); (D.E.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (A.G.); (L.H.); (E.T.); (T.D.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (P.F.); (N.M.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), FHU SENEC, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Mounira Kharoubi
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Cardiology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (M.B.); (M.K.); (M.-A.D.); (D.E.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (A.G.); (L.H.); (E.T.); (T.D.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (P.F.); (N.M.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), FHU SENEC, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Marc-Antoine Delbarre
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Cardiology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (M.B.); (M.K.); (M.-A.D.); (D.E.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (A.G.); (L.H.); (E.T.); (T.D.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (P.F.); (N.M.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Damien Eyharts
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Cardiology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (M.B.); (M.K.); (M.-A.D.); (D.E.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (A.G.); (L.H.); (E.T.); (T.D.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (P.F.); (N.M.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Amira Zaroui
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Cardiology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (M.B.); (M.K.); (M.-A.D.); (D.E.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (A.G.); (L.H.); (E.T.); (T.D.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (P.F.); (N.M.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Soulef Guendouz
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Cardiology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (M.B.); (M.K.); (M.-A.D.); (D.E.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (A.G.); (L.H.); (E.T.); (T.D.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (P.F.); (N.M.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Arnault Galat
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Cardiology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (M.B.); (M.K.); (M.-A.D.); (D.E.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (A.G.); (L.H.); (E.T.); (T.D.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (P.F.); (N.M.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Luc Hittinger
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Cardiology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (M.B.); (M.K.); (M.-A.D.); (D.E.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (A.G.); (L.H.); (E.T.); (T.D.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (P.F.); (N.M.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), FHU SENEC, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Pascale Fanen
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (P.F.); (N.M.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), FHU SENEC, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Genetics Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuel Teiger
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Cardiology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (M.B.); (M.K.); (M.-A.D.); (D.E.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (A.G.); (L.H.); (E.T.); (T.D.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (P.F.); (N.M.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), FHU SENEC, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Nadir Mouri
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (P.F.); (N.M.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Biochemistery Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | | | - Thibaud Damy
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Cardiology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (M.B.); (M.K.); (M.-A.D.); (D.E.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (A.G.); (L.H.); (E.T.); (T.D.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), French Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Cardiogen Network, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France; (P.F.); (N.M.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), FHU SENEC, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 Rue Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Capustin M, Frishman WH. Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis and Novel Therapies to Treat This Not-so-rare Cause of Cardiomyopathy. Cardiol Rev 2021; 29:263-273. [PMID: 34397539 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is typically a late-onset disease caused by the deposit of transthyretin amyloid fibrils throughout the heart. When this occurs, various cardiac sequelae can develop, including hypotension, conduction abnormalities, and valvular lesions. The cardiomyopathy caused by ATTR-CA (ATTR-CM) has proven difficult to treat. Until recently, symptomatic management was the only therapeutic option, and many therapies used to treat congestive heart failure were ineffective or even detrimental to patients with ATTR-CM. In addition, treatment was limited to heart and liver transplantation. As a result, prognosis was poor. Recently, a few drug therapies have come to light as potential treatment modalities for ATTR-CM, most notably tafamidis, sold under the brand names Vyndaqel and Vyndamax. After the phase III Transthyretin Amyloidosis Cardiomyopathy trial displayed the drug's efficacy, it was given breakthrough therapy designation and was approved by the Food and Drug Administration on May 6, 2019, for the treatment of ATTR-CA. This novel therapy, as well as various other therapies in the pipeline, such as inotersen and patisiran, provide hope where, until recently, there was little. Unfortunately, the exorbitant cost of these new therapies may present a barrier to long-term treatment for some patients. However, by further improving diagnostic algorithms and incorporating these new treatments into our existing therapeutic modalities, patients with ATTR-CA should be able to live far longer than previously expected. Finally, further research combining these novel treatment modalities must be done, as they may prove to be additive or even synergistic in their treatment of ATTR amyloidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Capustin
- From the Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine/Northwell Northshore-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, NY
| | - William H Frishman
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology, New York Medicine and Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Singh BM, Bohara N, Gautam K, Basnet M, Kc S, Kc B, Raut A, Phudong A, Gautam J. A Systematic Review of Tafamidis in Patients With Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy. Cureus 2021; 13:e18221. [PMID: 34703707 PMCID: PMC8541744 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy disease burden is increasing daily due to advancements in diagnostic and imaging modalities in the modern world. Tafamidis is one of many therapeutic options. The main objective of this review is to study the role of Tafamidis in slowing the progression of transthyretin cardiomyopathy (TTR-CM) by analyzing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs of Tafamidis. We searched for published papers of Tafamidis in the English language in electronic databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PubMed Central. We imported the resulting articles from our search to Mendeley software. Four reviewers removed the duplicates and performed title and abstract screening of the articles. The same reviewers obtained the full-text of relevant articles and did full-text screening based on eligibility criteria. Finally, five reviewers performed a quality assessment of RCTs using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment and of non-RCTs by a checklist prepared by Downs and Black. Any disagreements about any process were resolved by a discussion with other authors. One RCT and five non-RCTs of Tafamidis were included in this systematic review. From the non-RCTs, stability was observed in different parameters like echocardiographic findings, cardiac biomarkers, and ECG in patients with transthyretin cardiomyopathy during the study duration with Tafamidis. ATTR-ACT (Tafamidis in Transthyretin Cardiomyopathy Clinical Trial) trial demonstrated reduction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in the Tafamidis group in comparison to placebo. In both RCT and non-RCTs, Tafamidis was established as a safe and tolerable drug for patients with TTR-CM. Our study proved the role of Tafamidis in reducing cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality, and the progression of cardiac disease in TTR-CM patients. In addition to five non-RCTs, current evidence is based on the findings of only one RCT of Tafamidis. Hence, evidence from additional RCTs is required to strongly support the stability of parameters like echocardiographic findings, cardiac biomarkers, and ECG with Tafamidis use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Mohan Singh
- Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Larkin Community Hospital, Miami, USA
- Emergency and General Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, NPL
| | - Narayan Bohara
- Cardiology, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, NPL
| | - Kamal Gautam
- Internal Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, NPL
| | - Madan Basnet
- Medicine, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, NPL
| | - Sistu Kc
- Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, NPL
| | - Binod Kc
- Internal Medicine, Upstate University Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Anuradha Raut
- Internal Medicine, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, NPL
| | - Abisha Phudong
- Emergency Department, Care and Cure Multispeciality Hospital, Lalitpur, NPL
| | - Jeevan Gautam
- Internal Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, NPL
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) is a rare autosomal dominant, life-threatening disease. Until recently only early stages of ATTRv-PN (polyneuropathy) had access to disease-modifying therapy (DMT), whereas there was no specific treatment for ATTRv-CM (cardiomyopathy). This review updates our knowledge about results of three phase 3 clinical trials, expert's consensus for early diagnosis and emerging biomarkers. RECENT FINDINGS Two phase 3 studies using RNAi and antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) were successful. Primary endpoints were progression of neuropathic score mNIS +7 and quality of Life (QOL) in a population of ATTRv-PN at different levels of severity. They knock downed circulating amyloidogenic mutant and wild-type TTR. Safety concerned ASO with a risk of thrombocytopenia. RNAi showed possible reversibility of the disease. Phase 3 ATTRACT trial-tested tafamidis versus placebo in patients with ATTRv-CM and ATTRwt-CM and showed a significant reduction of all-cause mortality and rates of cardiovascular-related hospitalizations. All three drugs obtained marketing authorization by European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Food and drug administration (FDA). Early diagnosis criteria for ATTRv-PN and ATTRv-CM are available. Ongoing clinical trials for ATTRv are presented. New biomarkers are plasma neurofilament light chain, intraepidermal nerve fiber density. SUMMARY The majority of patients with ATTRv may have now access to a DMT. Criteria for early diagnosis are available.
Collapse
|
13
|
Addison D, Slivnick JA, Campbell CM, Vallakati A, Jneid H, Schelbert E. Recent Advances and Current Dilemmas in the Diagnosis and Management of Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019840. [PMID: 33899502 PMCID: PMC8200718 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an increasingly recognized cause of heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. While CA was previously rapidly fatal, recent advances in diagnosis and treatment have significantly improved outcomes. Advances in cardiac imaging and biomarkers have critically improved the accuracy and efficiency with which CA is diagnosed, even allowing for the noninvasive diagnosis of transthyretin CA. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, technetium nuclear imaging, echocardiography, and blood-based biomarkers have established important and complementary roles in the management and advancement of care. At the same time, the development of novel targeted amyloid therapies has allowed patients with CA to live longer and potentially achieve better quality of life. Still, despite this significant progress, there remain critical ongoing questions in the field. Accordingly, within this review we will highlight recent advances in cardiac imaging and therapeutics for CA, while focusing on key opportunities for further optimization of care and outcomes among this growing population. Specifically, we will discuss ongoing debates in the diagnosis of CA, including the interpretation of indeterminate cardiac imaging findings, the best technique to screen asymptomatic transthyretin amyloidosis gene mutation carriers for cardiac involvement, and the ideal method for monitoring response to CA treatment. We will additionally focus on recent advances in treatment for transthyretin amyloidosis-CA, including a discussion of available agents as well as highlighting ongoing clinical trials. Together, these data will allow clinicians to emerge with a greater understanding of the present and future of diagnosis, management, and potentially enhanced outcomes in this rapidly advancing field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Addison
- Cardio-Oncology Program Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus OH
| | - Jeremy A Slivnick
- Cardio-Oncology Program Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus OH
| | - Courtney M Campbell
- Cardio-Oncology Program Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus OH
| | - Ajay Vallakati
- Cardio-Oncology Program Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus OH
| | - Hani Jneid
- Division of Cardiology Baylor College of MedicineMichael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center Houston TX
| | - Erik Schelbert
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine University of Pittsburgh PA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Castiglione V, Franzini M, Aimo A, Carecci A, Lombardi CM, Passino C, Rapezzi C, Emdin M, Vergaro G. Use of biomarkers to diagnose and manage cardiac amyloidosis. Eur J Heart Fail 2021; 23:217-230. [PMID: 33527656 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidoses are characterized by the tissue accumulation of misfolded proteins into insoluble fibrils. The two most common types of systemic amyloidosis result from the deposition of immunoglobulin light chains (AL) and wild-type or variant transthyretin (ATTRwt/ATTRv). Cardiac involvement is the main determinant of outcome in both AL and ATTR, and cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is increasingly recognized as a cause of heart failure. In CA, circulating biomarkers are important diagnostic tools, allow to refine risk stratification at baseline and during follow-up, help to tailor the therapeutic strategy and monitor the response to treatment. Among amyloid precursors, free light chains are established biomarkers in AL amyloidosis, while the plasma transthyretin assay is currently being investigated as a tool for supporting the diagnosis of ATTRv amyloidosis, predicting outcome and monitor response to novel tetramer stabilizers or small interfering RNA drugs in ATTR CA. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) and troponins are consistently elevated in patients with AL and ATTR CA. Plasma NPs, troponins and free light chains hold prognostic significance in AL amyloidosis, and are evaluated for therapy decision-making and follow-up, while the value of NPs and troponins in ATTR is less well established. Biomarkers can be usefully integrated with clinical and imaging variables at all levels of the clinical algorithm of systemic amyloidosis, from screening to diagnosis and prognosis, and treatment tailoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Franzini
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Mario Lombardi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health University and Civil Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudio Passino
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Centro Cardiologico Universitario di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vergaro
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bistola V, Parissis J, Foukarakis E, Valsamaki PN, Anastasakis A, Koutsis G, Efthimiadis G, Kastritis E. Practical recommendations for the diagnosis and management of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 26:861-879. [PMID: 33452596 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-10062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an infiltrative restrictive cardiomyopathy caused by accumulation in the heart interstitium of amyloid fibrils formed by misfolded proteins. Most common CA types are light chain amyloidosis (AL) caused by monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains and transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) caused by either mutated or wild-type transthyretin aggregates. Previously considered a rare disease, CA is increasingly recognized among patients who may be misdiagnosed as undifferentiated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF), paradoxical low-flow/low-gradient aortic stenosis, or otherwise unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy. Progress in diagnosis has been due to the refinement of cardiac echocardiographic techniques (speckle tracking imaging) and magnetic resonance (T1 mapping) and mostly due to the advent of bone scintigraphy that has enabled noninvasive diagnosis of ATTR, limiting the need for endomyocardial biopsy. Importantly, proper management of CA starts from early recognition of suspected cases among high prevalence populations, followed by advanced diagnostic evaluation to confirm diagnosis and typing, preferentially in experienced amyloidosis centers. Differentiating ATTR from other types of amyloidosis, especially AL, is critical. Emerging targeted ATTR therapies offer the potential to improve outcomes of these patients previously treated only palliatively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Bistola
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - John Parissis
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Foukarakis
- Cardiology Department, Venizeleion General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Pipitsa N Valsamaki
- Nuclear Medicine Department, "Alexandra" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Anastasakis
- Unit of Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Koutsis
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Efthimiadis
- 1st Cardiology Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jonker DL, Hazenberg BPC, Nienhuis HLA, Slart RHJA, Glaudemans AWJM, Noordzij W. Imaging cardiac innervation in hereditary transthyretin (ATTRm) amyloidosis: A marker for neuropathy or cardiomyopathy in case of heart failure? J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:1774-1784. [PMID: 30374850 PMCID: PMC7599160 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-01477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear imaging modalities using 123Iodine-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) and bone seeking tracers identify early cardiac involvement in ATTRm amyloidosis patients. However, little is known whether results from 123I-MIBG scintigraphy actually correlate to markers for either cardiac autonomic neuropathy or cardiomyopathy. METHODS All TTR mutation carriers and ATTRm patients who underwent both 123I-MIBG and 99mTechnetium-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (99mTc-HDP) scintigraphy were included. Cardiomyopathy was defined as NT-proBNP > 365 ng/L, and cardiac autonomic neuropathy as abnormal cardiovascular reflexes at autonomic function tests. Late 123I-MIBG heart-to-mediastinum ratio (HMR) < 2.0 or wash-out > 20%, and any cardiac 99mTc-HDP uptake were considered as abnormal. RESULTS 39 patients (13 carriers and 26 ATTRm patients) were included in this study. Patients with cardiomyopathy, with or without cardiac autonomic neuropathy, had lower late HMR than similar patients without cardiomyopathy [median 1.1 (range 1.0-1.5) and 1.5(1.2-2.6) vs 2.4 (1.4-3.8) and 2.5 (1.5-3.7), respectively, P < 0.001]. Late HMR and wash-out (inversely) correlated with NT-proBNP r = - 0.652 (P < 0.001) and r = 0.756 (P < 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, late HMR and wash-out (inversely) correlated with cardiac 99mTc-HDP uptake r = - 0.663 (P < 0.001) and r = 0.617 (P < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION In case of heart failure, 123I-MIBG scintigraphy reflects cardiomyopathy rather than cardiac autonomic neuropathy in ATTRm patients and TTR mutation carriers. 123I-MIBG scintigraphy may already be abnormal before any cardiac bone tracer uptake is visible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne L. Jonker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bouke P. C. Hazenberg
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans L. A. Nienhuis
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Riemer H. J. A. Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andor W. J. M. Glaudemans
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Walter Noordzij
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dahl Pedersen AL, Povlsen JA, Dybro A, Clemmensen TS, Larsen AH, Ladefoged B, Poulsen SH. Prevalence and Prognostic Implications of Increased Apical-to-Basal Strain Ratio in Patients with Aortic Stenosis Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020; 33:1465-1473. [PMID: 32919852 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the preoperative prevalence, relation to symptoms, and prognostic implications of elevated left ventricular (LV) apical-to-basal strain ratio (ABr) in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. METHODS A total of 499 contemporary consecutive patients with AS treated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement were retrospectively included. Patients were included if they underwent preoperative echocardiography with adequate image quality for assessment of LV global longitudinal strain. Baseline clinical and echocardiographic data were collected and analyzed in ABr subgroups. From two-dimensional echocardiographic apical images, ABr was calculated as mean longitudinal strain of the five LV apical segments divided by the mean of the six basal segments. RESULTS Median follow-up time was 743 days. Mean age was 79.8 ± 7 years. The prevalence of severely increased ABr ≥4 was 16% (n = 78). Patients with ABr ≥4 had higher preoperative New York Heart Association functional class; 77% of those with ABr ≥4 were in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV compared with 59% of those with ABr of 0 to 1.9 (P < .01). Median preoperative N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide level in patients with ABr ≥4 was 1,781 pmol/L, compared with 876 pmol/L in those with ABr of 0 to 1.9 (P = .003). N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels at 3-month follow-up remained considerably elevated in patients with ABr ≥4 (the median in patients with ABr ≥4 was 1,262 pmol/L vs 645 pmol/L in those with ABr of 0 to 1.9, P < .01). AS severity was comparable across ABr subgroup levels. Overall, increased ABr ≥4 was associated with poor survival, as overall 3-year survival was 67% among patients with ABr ≥4 compared with 83% in those with ABr of 2 to 3.9 and 86% in those with ABr of 0 to 1.9 (P = .04). CONCLUSION Among patients with increased ABr ≥4, pre- and postoperative New York Heart Association functional class, serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide level, and mortality were significantly increased, and ABr may thus serve as a new echocardiographic marker of high mortality risk among patients with AS treated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Dybro
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Bertil Ladefoged
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Macedo AVS, Schwartzmann PV, de Gusmão BM, Melo MDTD, Coelho-Filho OR. Advances in the Treatment of Cardiac Amyloidosis. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2020; 21:36. [PMID: 32328845 PMCID: PMC7181421 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-020-00738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Cardiac amyloidosis is associated with a high mortality rate, a long delay between the first signs and the diagnosis but a short interval between diagnosis and death. This scenario has changed recently due to improved disease awareness among doctors and significant progress in diagnosis thanks to multimodal imaging and a multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, during the last few years, we have had access to specific therapies for those patients. Those therapies are quite different depending on the type of amyloidosis, but there has been real progress. Systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL) with cardiac involvement is the most common form of cardiac amyloidosis. The severity of heart disease dictates the prognosis in AL amyloidosis. Advances in chemotherapy and immunotherapy that suppress light chain production have improved the outcomes. These recent improvements in survival rates have enabled therapies such as implanted cardiac defibrillators and heart transplantation that were usually not indicated for patients with advanced light chain amyloid cardiomyopathy to now be applied in selected patients. For transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR), the second most common form of amyloidosis with cardiac involvement, there is also significant progress in treatment. Until recently, we had no specific therapy for ATTR cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM), though now disease-modifying therapies are available. Therapies that stabilize transthyretin, such as tafamidis, have been shown to improve outcomes for patients with ATTR-CM. Modern treatments that stop the synthesis of TTR through gene silencing, such as patisiran and inotersen, have shown positive results for patients with TTR amyloidosis. Significant progress has been made in the treatment of amyloid cardiomyopathy, and hopefully, we will see even more progress with the spread of those treatments. We now can be optimistic about patients with this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Otávio Rizzi Coelho-Filho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ladefoged B, Dybro A, Povlsen JA, Vase H, Clemmensen TS, Poulsen SH. Diagnostic delay in wild type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis – A clinical challenge. Int J Cardiol 2020; 304:138-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
20
|
Müller ML, Butler J, Heidecker B. Emerging therapies in transthyretin amyloidosis – a new wave of hope after years of stagnancy? Eur J Heart Fail 2020; 22:39-53. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian L. Müller
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinCampus Benjamin Franklin Berlin Germany
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of MedicineThe Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS USA
| | - Bettina Heidecker
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinCampus Benjamin Franklin Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ochi Y, Kubo T, Nakashima Y, Baba Y, Hirota T, Yamasaki N, Yamashita T, Ueda M, Ando Y, Kitaoka H. Integrated diagnostic approach to wild-type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis with the use of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T measurement and 99mTc-pyrophosphate scintigraphy. J Cardiol 2020; 75:12-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Maurer MS, Bokhari S, Damy T, Dorbala S, Drachman BM, Fontana M, Grogan M, Kristen AV, Lousada I, Nativi-Nicolau J, Cristina Quarta C, Rapezzi C, Ruberg FL, Witteles R, Merlini G. Expert Consensus Recommendations for the Suspicion and Diagnosis of Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 12:e006075. [PMID: 31480867 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.119.006075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a manifestation of transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR), which is an underrecognized systemic disease whereby the transthyretin protein misfolds to form fibrils that deposit in various tissues and organs. ATTR amyloidosis is debilitating and associated with poor life expectancy, especially in those with cardiac dysfunction, but a variety of treatment options have recently become available. Considered a rare disease, ATTR amyloidosis may be more prevalent than thought, particularly in older persons. Diagnosis is often delayed because of a lack of disease awareness and the heterogeneity of symptoms at presentation. Given the recent availability of effective treatments, early recognition and diagnosis are especially critical because treatment is likely more effective earlier in the disease course. The Amyloidosis Research Consortium recently convened a group of experts in ATTR amyloidosis who, through an iterative process, agreed on best practices for suspicion, diagnosis, and characterization of disease. This review describes these consensus recommendations for ATTR associated with cardiomyopathy as a resource to aid cardiologists and others in the recognition and diagnosis of ATTR associated with cardiomyopathy. Included in this review is an overview of red flag signs and symptoms and a recommended diagnostic approach, including testing for monoclonal protein, scintigraphy, or biopsy and, if ATTR associated with cardiomyopathy is identified, TTR genotyping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew S Maurer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (M.S.M., S.B.)
| | - Sabahat Bokhari
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (M.S.M., S.B.)
| | - Thibaud Damy
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, DHU A-TVB, APHP CHU Henri Mondor and Université Paris Est Créteil, France (T.D.)
| | - Sharmila Dorbala
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (S.D.)
| | - Brian M Drachman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.M.D.)
| | - Marianna Fontana
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Division of Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom (M.F., C.C.Q.)
| | - Martha Grogan
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.G.)
| | - Arnt V Kristen
- Department of Cardiology, Amyloidosis Center, University of Heidelberg, Germany (A.V.K.)
| | | | - Jose Nativi-Nicolau
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (J.N.-N.)
| | - Candida Cristina Quarta
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Division of Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom (M.F., C.C.Q.).,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy (C.C.Q., C.R.)
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy (C.C.Q., C.R.)
| | - Frederick L Ruberg
- Cardiovascular Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, MA (F.L.R.)
| | - Ronald Witteles
- Stanford Amyloid Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (R.W.)
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Amyloidosis Center Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Italy (G.M.).,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy (G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: a model of medical progress for a fatal disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2019; 15:387-404. [PMID: 31209302 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary amyloidogenic transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (also known as familial amyloid polyneuropathy) is a condition with adult onset caused by mutation of transthyretin (TTR) and characterized by extracellular deposition of amyloid and destruction of the somatic and autonomic PNS, leading to loss of autonomy and death. This disease represents a model of the scientific and medical progress of the past 30 years. ATTRv amyloidosis is a worldwide disease with broad genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity that presents a diagnostic challenge for neurologists. The pathophysiology of the neuropathy is increasingly understood and includes instability and proteolysis of mutant TTR leading to deposition of amyloid with variable lengths of fibrils, microangiopathy and involvement of Schwann cells. Wild-type TTR is amyloidogenic in older individuals. The main symptoms are neuropathic, but the disease is systemic; neurologists should be aware of cardiac, eye and kidney involvement that justify a multidisciplinary approach to management. Infiltrative cardiomyopathy is usually latent but present in half of patients. Disease-modifying therapeutics that have been developed include liver transplantation and TTR stabilizers, both of which can slow progression of the disease and increase survival in the early stages. Most recently, gene-silencing drugs have been used to control disease in the more advanced stages and produce some degree of improvement.
Collapse
|
24
|
Brun S, Cariou E, Fournier P, Ribes D, Faguer S, Huart A, Carrié D, Galinier M, Lairez O. Value of natriuretic peptides and tissue Doppler imaging in the estimation of left ventricular filling pressure in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Open Heart 2019; 6:e000980. [PMID: 31217996 PMCID: PMC6546193 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Estimation of left ventricular filling pressures (LVFP) is a determining factor in the follow-up of patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA). Natriuretic peptides (NPs) and tissue Doppler imaging may be used to monitor LVFP in patients with CA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of NPs and Doppler parameters in estimating LVFP in patients with CA. Methods Fifty patients with biopsy-verified light chain (n=31), A protein amyloidosis (AA) (n=1), apoliporotein A2 (n=1) or bone scintigraphy-proven transthyretin (n=17) CA were retrospectively included. All patients underwent right heart catheterisation (RHC). Among them, 48 (96%) and 43 (86%) had assays of NPs (20 brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), 27 N-terminal pro-hormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and 1 both) and transthoracic echocardiography performed within 24 hours of RHC, respectively. Results The median BNP and NT-proBNP levels were 1000 (243–1477) ng/L and 10 106 (2935–13 348) ng/L, respectively. Echocardiography demonstrated left atrial enlargement with a mean volume of 47±16 mL and low tissue Doppler lateral Ea of 5±2 cm/s. The mean early diastolic mitral inflow velocity on early lateral mitral annular diastolic velocity ratio (E/Ea) ratio was 18±7, and the mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) by RHC was 18±8 mm Hg. There was no correlation between BNP (r=0.260, p=0.774) or NT-proBNP (r=−0.103, p=0.984) levels and PCWP. There was a slight correlation between E/Ea ratio and PCWP (r=0.337, p=0.029). E/Ea ratio >14 performed poorly in differentiating elevated and low LVFP. Conclusion In patients with CA, NPs do not accurately estimate PCWP. Tissue Doppler-derived mitral E/Ea ratio is correlated with PCWP, but the slight correlation requires to estimate LVFP in a broad clinical and imaging context to avoid diagnostic errors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Brun
- Cardiology, University Hospital of Rangueil, Toulouse, France.,Cardiac Imaging Center, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Eve Cariou
- Cardiology, University Hospital of Rangueil, Toulouse, France.,Cardiac Imaging Center, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Pauline Fournier
- Cardiology, University Hospital of Rangueil, Toulouse, France.,Cardiac Imaging Center, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - David Ribes
- Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, University Hospital of Rangueil, Toulouse, France.,Referral Center for Rare Diseases, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Stanislas Faguer
- Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, University Hospital of Rangueil, Toulouse, France.,Referral Center for Rare Diseases, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Medical School, Universite Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Huart
- Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, University Hospital of Rangueil, Toulouse, France.,Referral Center for Rare Diseases, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Carrié
- Cardiology, University Hospital of Rangueil, Toulouse, France.,Cardiac Imaging Center, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Medical School, Universite Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Galinier
- Cardiology, University Hospital of Rangueil, Toulouse, France.,Cardiac Imaging Center, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Medical School, Universite Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Lairez
- Cardiology, University Hospital of Rangueil, Toulouse, France.,Cardiac Imaging Center, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Medical School, Universite Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Galeeva ZM, Galyavich AS, Baleeva LV, Galimzyanova LA, Rafikov AY, Gizatullina NF, Mustafina DA. [Not Available]. KARDIOLOGIIA 2019; 59:93-96. [PMID: 30710995 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2019.1.10221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this article we present brief overview of the subject of amyloidosis and involvement of the cardiovascular system, the criteria for diagnosis, principles of treatment, and the clinical case of cardiac amyloidosis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Waddington-Cruz M, Ackermann EJ, Polydefkis M, Heitner SB, Dyck PJ, Barroso FA, Wang AK, Berk JL, Dyck PJB, Monia BP, Hughes SG, Tai L, Jesse Kwoh T, Jung SW, Coelho T, Benson MD, Gertz MA. Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: baseline characteristics of patients in the NEURO-TTR trial. Amyloid 2018; 25:180-188. [PMID: 30169969 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2018.1503593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary transthyretin (ATTRm) amyloidosis is a rare, progressive and fatal disease with a range of clinical manifestations. OBJECTIVE This study comprehensively evaluates disease characteristics in a large, diverse cohort of patients with ATTRm amyloidosis. METHODS Adult patients (N = 172) with Stage 1 or Stage 2 ATTRm amyloidosis who had polyneuropathy were screened and enrolled across 24 investigative sites and 10 countries in the NEURO-TTR trial ( www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT01737398). Medical and disease history, quality of life, laboratory data, and clinical assessments were analyzed. RESULTS The NEURO-TTR patient population was diverse in age, disease severity, TTR mutation, and organ involvement. Twenty-seven different TTR mutations were present, with Val30Met being the most common (52%). One third of patients reported early onset disease (before age 50) and the average duration of neuropathy symptoms was 5.3 years. Symptoms affected multiple organs and systems, with nearly 70% of patients exhibiting broad involvement of weakness, sensory loss, and autonomic disturbance. Over 60% of patients had cardiomyopathy, with highest prevalence in the United States (72%) and lowest in South America/Australasia (33%). Cardiac biomarker NT-proBNP correlated with left ventricular wall thickness (p<.001). Quality of life, measured by Norfolk QoL-DN and SF-36 patient-reported questionnaires, was significantly impaired and correlated with disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Baseline data from the NEURO-TTR trial demonstrates ATTRm amyloidosis as a systemic disease with deficits in multiple organs and body systems, leading to decreased quality of life. We report concomitant presentation of polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy in most patients, and early involvement of multiple body systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Waddington-Cruz
- a Department of Neurology , Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga, Federeal University of Rio , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | | | - Michael Polydefkis
- c Department of Neurology , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Stephen B Heitner
- d Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Knight Cardiovascular Institute , Portland , Oregon , USA
| | - Peter J Dyck
- e Department of Neurology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , Minnesota , USA
| | - Fabio A Barroso
- f Department of Neurology , Institute for Neurological Research Raúl Carrea, FLENI , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Annabel K Wang
- g Department of Neurology , University of California , Irvine, Orange , California , USA
| | - John L Berk
- h Amyloidosis Center , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - P James B Dyck
- e Department of Neurology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , Minnesota , USA
| | - Brett P Monia
- i Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals , Carlsbad , California , USA
| | - Steven G Hughes
- b Clinical Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals , Carlsbad , California , USA
| | - Li Tai
- b Clinical Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals , Carlsbad , California , USA
| | - T Jesse Kwoh
- b Clinical Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals , Carlsbad , California , USA
| | | | - Teresa Coelho
- k Hospital de Santo Antonio , Centro Hospitalar Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Merrill D Benson
- l Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , Indiana , USA
| | - Morie A Gertz
- m Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , Minnesota , USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Halatchev IG, Zheng J, Ou J. Wild-type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTRwt-CA), previously known as senile cardiac amyloidosis: clinical presentation, diagnosis, management and emerging therapies. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:2034-2045. [PMID: 29707360 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.03.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis is thought to be a rare group of diseases caused by extracellular deposition of misfolded proteins in the extracellular cardiac matrix resulting in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This review focuses on the similarities and differences between the pathophysiology, clinical presentation and diagnostic tests of wild-type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTRwt-CA) compared to immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis and hereditary cardiac amyloidosis. We address some obstacles to timely diagnosis and opportunities for management of the clinical symptoms as well as possibility of future novel disease modifying therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilia G Halatchev
- Division of Cardiology, John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jingsheng Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center, Pomona, NJ, USA
| | - Jiafu Ou
- Division of Cardiology, John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Klaassen SH, Tromp J, Nienhuis HL, van der Meer P, van den Berg MP, Blokzijl H, van Veldhuisen DJ, Hazenberg BP. Frequency of and Prognostic Significance of Cardiac Involvement at Presentation in Hereditary Transthyretin-Derived Amyloidosis and the Value of N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide. Am J Cardiol 2018; 121:107-112. [PMID: 29153245 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of cardiac involvement in hereditary transthyretin-derived (ATTRm) amyloidosis at the time of diagnosis and to determine the diagnostic and clinical value of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). The University Medical Center Groningen is the national center of expertise for amyloidosis. All consecutive patients between 1994 and 2016 with ATTRm amyloidosis were followed prospectively. Baseline was set at the time of the first positive biopsy. All patients underwent a standard cardiac and neurologic work-up. Cardiac involvement was defined by otherwise unexplained left and/or right ventricular wall hypertrophy on cardiac ultrasound and/or advanced conduction disturbances. Seventy-seven patients had ATTRm amyloidosis and were included in the study. The TTR V30M mutation was present in 30 patients (39%). In both the V30M and the non-V30M groups, the neurologic presentation dominated (77% vs 51%), whereas cardiac presentation was infrequent (7% vs 15%). Clinical work-up showed that cardiac involvement was present at baseline in 51% of all patients irrespective of genotype and was associated with increased overall mortality (hazard ratio 5.95, 95% confidence interval 2.12 to 16.7), independent from clinical confounders. At a cutoff level of 125 ng/L, NT-proBNP had a sensitivity of 92% for establishing cardiac involvement. In conclusion, irrespective of the frequent noncardiac presentation of ATTRm amyloidosis, cardiac involvement is already present at diagnosis in half of the patients and is associated with increased mortality. NT-proBNP is a useful marker to determine cardiac involvement in this disease.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis is a group of disorders that develop secondary to the deposition of misfolded proteins in the heart. It can occur in isolation or as part of a systemic disease and can be inherited or acquired. Amyloid light chain (AL) and amyloid transthyretin (ATTR) are the two main forms of amyloid proteins that can infiltrate the heart. With the increased use of advanced imaging techniques and protocols, the recognition and diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis, especially ATTR, has become easier. New therapies intended to improve survival and quality of life in patients with cardiac amyloidosis are emerging. This article provides an up-to-date review of cardiac amyloidosis.
Collapse
|
30
|
Alkhawam H, Patel D, Nguyen J, Easaw SM, Al-Sadawi M, Syed U, Zaiem F, Homsi M, Vittorio TJ. Cardiac amyloidosis: pathogenesis, clinical context, diagnosis and management options. Acta Cardiol 2017; 72:380-389. [PMID: 28705053 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2017.1335034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amyloidosis covers a group of disorders that can manifest in virtually any organ system in the body and is thought to be secondary to misfolding of extracellular proteins with subsequent deposition in tissues. The precursor protein that is produced in excess defines the specific amyloid type. This requires histopathological confirmation using Congo-red dye with its characteristic demonstration of green birefringence under cross-polarized light. There are three main types of amyloidosis associated with cardiac involvement: light-chain (AL), familial or senile (ATTR), and secondary (AA) amyloidosis. The frequency of cardiac involvement and prognosis varies among each type. Amyloid cardiomyopathy commonly manifests as heart failure and the presenting features are usually dyspnoea, oedema, angina, pre-syncope and syncope. The diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis is very hard and can easily be misdiagnosed. Although the imaging studies (such as echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance) may guide the diagnosis, tissue biopsy is needed for confirmation. Management of cardiac amyloidosis initially is to treat the underlying heart failure. Pacemaker implantation is usually required in patients with any conduction abnormalities. Transplantation is the next step with worsening heart failure. However, the aim of any treatment in amyloidosis, irrespective of type, is to prevent further deposition of amyloid while managing concurrent symptoms. In this manuscript, we will discuss the pathogenesis of cardiac amyloidosis, diagnostic methods and management options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alkhawam
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Saint Louis University School of Medicine. St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Darshan Patel
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst, NY, USA
| | - James Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst, NY, USA
| | - Saumya Mariam Easaw
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst, NY, USA
| | - Mohammed Al-Sadawi
- Center for Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics, St. Francis Hospital – The Heart Center®, Roslyn, NY, USA
| | - Umer Syed
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst, NY, USA
| | - Feras Zaiem
- Mayo Evidence Based Practice Center – Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Maher Homsi
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst, NY, USA
| | - Timothy J. Vittorio
- Center for Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics, St. Francis Hospital – The Heart Center®, Roslyn, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kristen AV, Maurer MS, Rapezzi C, Mundayat R, Suhr OB, Damy T. Impact of genotype and phenotype on cardiac biomarkers in patients with transthyretin amyloidosis - Report from the Transthyretin Amyloidosis Outcome Survey (THAOS). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173086. [PMID: 28384285 PMCID: PMC5383030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Cardiac troponins and natriuretic peptides are established for risk stratification in light-chain amyloidosis. Data on cardiac biomarkers in transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) are lacking. Methods and results Patients (n = 1617) with any of the following cardiac biomarkers, BNP (n = 1079), NT-proBNP (n = 550), troponin T (n = 274), and troponin I (n = 108), available at baseline in the Transthyretin Amyloidosis Outcomes Survey (THAOS) were analyzed for differences between genotypes and phenotypes and their association with survival. Median level of BNP was 68.0 pg/mL (IQR 30.5–194.9), NT-proBNP 337.9 pg/mL (IQR 73.0–2584.0), troponin T 0.03 μg/L (IQR 0.01–0.05), and troponin I 0.08 μg/L (IQR 0.04–0.13). NT-proBNP and BNP were higher in wild-type than mutant-type ATTR, troponin T and I did not differ, respectively. Non-Val30Met patients had higher BNP, NT-proBNP and troponin T levels than Val30Met patients, but not troponin I. Late-onset Val30Met was associated with higher levels of troponin I and troponin T compared with early-onset. 115 patients died during a median follow-up of 1.2 years. Mortality increased with increasing quartiles (BNP/NT-proBNP Q1 = 1.7%, Q2 = 5.2%, Q3 = 21.7%, Q4 = 71.3%; troponin T/I Q1 = 6.5%, Q2 = 14.5%, Q3 = 33.9%, Q4 = 45.2%). Three-year overall-survival estimates for BNP/NT-proBNP and troponin T/I quartiles differed significantly (p<0.001). Stepwise risk stratification was achieved by combining NT-proBNP/BNP and troponin T/I. From Cox proportional hazards model, age, modified body mass index, mutation (Val30Met vs. Non-Val30Met) and BNP/NT-proBNP (Q1–Q3 pooled vs. Q4) were identified as independent predictors of survival in patients with mutant-type ATTR. Conclusions In this ATTR patient cohort, cardiac biomarkers were abnormal in a substantial percentage of patients irrespective of genotype. Along with age, mBMI, and mutation (Val30Met vs. Non-Val30Met), cardiac biomarkers were associated with surrogates of disease severity with BNP/NT-proBNP identified as an independent predictor of survival in ATTR. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00628745
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnt V. Kristen
- Amyloidosis Center, Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Mathew S. Maurer
- Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna and S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rajiv Mundayat
- Pfizer Inc., New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ole B. Suhr
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thibaud Damy
- Amyloidosis Network, Department of Cardiology, CHU Henri Mondor, Creteil, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
El volumen extracelular detecta la amiloidosis cardiaca y está correlacionado con el deterioro neurológico en la amiloidosis familiar relacionada con la transtiretina. Rev Esp Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
33
|
Bodez D, Galat A, Guellich A, Deux JF, Rosso J, Le Bras F, Funalot B, Fanen P, Benhaiem N, Planté-Bordeneuve V, Dubois-Randé JL, Lellouche N, Guendouz S, Molinier-Frenkel V, Mohty D, Damy T. Les amyloses cardiaques : les reconnaître et les prendre en charge. Presse Med 2016; 45:845-855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
|
34
|
Damy T, Jaccard A, Guellich A, Lavergne D, Galat A, Deux JF, Hittinger L, Dupuis J, Frenkel V, Rigaud C, Plante-Bordeneuve V, Bodez D, Mohty D. Identification of prognostic markers in transthyretin and AL cardiac amyloidosis. Amyloid 2016; 23:194-202. [PMID: 27647161 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2016.1221815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of amyloidosis is known to depend heavily on cardiac function and may be improved by identifying patients at highest risk for adverse cardiac events. AIMS Identify predictors of mortality in patients with cardiac light-chain amyloidosis (AL), hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (m-TTR), or wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (WT-TTR) to prompt physician to refer these patients to dedicated centers. METHODS AND RESULTS Observational study. About 266 patients referred for suspected cardiac amyloidosis (CA) in two French university centers were included. About 198 patients had CA (AL = 118, m-TTR = 57, and WT-TTR = 23). Their median (25th-75th percentile) age, NT-proBNP left ventricular ejection fraction were, respectively, 68 years (59-76), 2339 pg mL-1 (424-5974), and 60% (48-66). About 31% were in NYHA class III-IV. Interventricular septal thickness was greater in the m-TTR and WT-TTR groups than in the AL group (p < 0.0001). Median follow-up in survivor was 26 months (15-44) and 87 (44%) patients died. By multivariate analysis, independent predictors of mortality for AL amyloidosis were the following: age, cardiac output and NT-proBNP; for TTR amyloidosis was: NT-proBNP. When all amyloidosis were combined NT-proBNP, low cardiac output and pericardial effusion were independently associated with mortality. CONCLUSION NT-proBNP is a strong prognosticator in the three types of cardiac amyloidosis. High NT-proBNP, low cardiac output, and pericardial effusion at the time of screening should prompt physician to refer the patients to amyloidosis referral center.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Damy
- a Department of Cardiology , AP-HP, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France.,b University Paris-East (UPEC) School of Medicine , Créteil , France.,c GRC Amyloid Research Institute, IMRB INSERM U955 , Créteil , France.,d Mondor Amyloidosis Network, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France.,e AP-HP, INSERM, Clinical Investigations Center 1430, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France.,f Department of Clinical Research and Public Health , Clinical Investigations Center 006, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France
| | - Arnaud Jaccard
- g Department of Cardiology , Dupuytren Teaching Hospital , Limoges , France.,h Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, AL Amyloidosis Referral Center , Limoges , France
| | - Aziz Guellich
- a Department of Cardiology , AP-HP, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France.,b University Paris-East (UPEC) School of Medicine , Créteil , France.,c GRC Amyloid Research Institute, IMRB INSERM U955 , Créteil , France.,d Mondor Amyloidosis Network, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France
| | - David Lavergne
- g Department of Cardiology , Dupuytren Teaching Hospital , Limoges , France.,h Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, AL Amyloidosis Referral Center , Limoges , France
| | - Arnault Galat
- a Department of Cardiology , AP-HP, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France.,b University Paris-East (UPEC) School of Medicine , Créteil , France.,c GRC Amyloid Research Institute, IMRB INSERM U955 , Créteil , France.,d Mondor Amyloidosis Network, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France
| | - Jean-François Deux
- a Department of Cardiology , AP-HP, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France.,b University Paris-East (UPEC) School of Medicine , Créteil , France.,c GRC Amyloid Research Institute, IMRB INSERM U955 , Créteil , France.,i Department of Radiology , AP-HP, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France
| | - Luc Hittinger
- a Department of Cardiology , AP-HP, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France.,b University Paris-East (UPEC) School of Medicine , Créteil , France.,c GRC Amyloid Research Institute, IMRB INSERM U955 , Créteil , France.,d Mondor Amyloidosis Network, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France
| | - Jehan Dupuis
- b University Paris-East (UPEC) School of Medicine , Créteil , France.,d Mondor Amyloidosis Network, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France.,e AP-HP, INSERM, Clinical Investigations Center 1430, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France.,j Department of Hematology , AP-HP, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France
| | - Valérie Frenkel
- b University Paris-East (UPEC) School of Medicine , Créteil , France.,c GRC Amyloid Research Institute, IMRB INSERM U955 , Créteil , France.,l Department of Immunohematolgy , AP-HP, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France
| | - Charlotte Rigaud
- g Department of Cardiology , Dupuytren Teaching Hospital , Limoges , France.,h Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, AL Amyloidosis Referral Center , Limoges , France
| | - Violaine Plante-Bordeneuve
- b University Paris-East (UPEC) School of Medicine , Créteil , France.,c GRC Amyloid Research Institute, IMRB INSERM U955 , Créteil , France.,d Mondor Amyloidosis Network, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France.,e AP-HP, INSERM, Clinical Investigations Center 1430, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France.,f Department of Clinical Research and Public Health , Clinical Investigations Center 006, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France.,k Department of Neurology , AP-HP, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France , and
| | - Diane Bodez
- a Department of Cardiology , AP-HP, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France.,b University Paris-East (UPEC) School of Medicine , Créteil , France.,c GRC Amyloid Research Institute, IMRB INSERM U955 , Créteil , France.,d Mondor Amyloidosis Network, Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France
| | - Dania Mohty
- g Department of Cardiology , Dupuytren Teaching Hospital , Limoges , France.,h Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, AL Amyloidosis Referral Center , Limoges , France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bodez D, Guellich A, Kharoubi M, Covali-Noroc A, Tissot CM, Guendouz S, Hittinger L, Dubois-Randé JL, Lefaucheur JP, Planté-Bordeneuve V, Adnot S, Boyer L, Damy T. Prevalence, Severity, and Prognostic Value of Sleep Apnea Syndromes in Cardiac Amyloidosis. Sleep 2016; 39:1333-41. [PMID: 27091529 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To assess prevalence, severity, and prognostic value of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), in the three main cardiac amyloidosis (CA) types, i.e., light-chain (AL), transthyretin-related familial (m-TTR), or senile (WT-TTR). METHODS Patients consecutively referred for CA diagnosis work-up underwent cardiac assessment and nocturnal polygraphy. SDB was defined as apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5/h. Multivariate analysis was used to identify predictors of a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) defined as death, heart transplantation and acute heart failure. RESULTS Seventy CA patients were included (31 AL, 22 m-TTR, 17 WT-TTR). The mean ± standard deviation age and left ventricular ejection fraction were 71 ± 12 years and 49% ± 13% and median (interquartile range) N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was 3,932 (1,607; 7,028) pg/mL. The prevalence of SDB was 90% without difference between amyloidosis types. SDB was central in 27% and obstructive in 73%. AL had less frequent severe SDB compared to m-TTR and WT-TTR (P = 0.015) but longer time with peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 90% (P = 0.037). After a median follow-up of 7.5 (2.8; 14.9) months, 49% patients experienced MACE. Time with nocturnal SpO2 < 90% was the only independent predictor of MACE. The best-identified threshold was 30 min. Values > 30 min were associated with bad prognosis (Log-rank χ(2): 8.01, P value = 0.005). Using binomial logistic regression, determinants of time with nocturnal SpO2 < 90% were New York Heart Association class (P = 0.011), and log-NT-proBNP (P = 0.04) but not AHI. CONCLUSIONS In CA population, prevalence of SDB is high (90%) and dominated by the obstructive pattern. Bad prognosis in this population was driven by nocturnal desaturation, reflecting heart failure severity and respiratory involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Bodez
- Cardiology Department, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,Mondor Amyloidosis Network, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, UPEC, IMRB, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,DHU ATVB, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Aziz Guellich
- Cardiology Department, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,Mondor Amyloidosis Network, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, UPEC, IMRB, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,DHU ATVB, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Mounira Kharoubi
- Cardiology Department, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,Mondor Amyloidosis Network, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, UPEC, IMRB, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,DHU ATVB, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,Clinical Investigation Centre, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Ala Covali-Noroc
- Physiology Department, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Claire-Marie Tissot
- Cardiology Department, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,Mondor Amyloidosis Network, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, UPEC, IMRB, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,DHU ATVB, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Soulef Guendouz
- Cardiology Department, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,Mondor Amyloidosis Network, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, UPEC, IMRB, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,DHU ATVB, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Luc Hittinger
- Cardiology Department, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,Mondor Amyloidosis Network, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,DHU ATVB, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Luc Dubois-Randé
- Cardiology Department, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,Mondor Amyloidosis Network, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,DHU ATVB, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur
- INSERM U955, UPEC, IMRB, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,Physiology Department, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Violaine Planté-Bordeneuve
- Mondor Amyloidosis Network, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, UPEC, IMRB, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,Neurology Department, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Serge Adnot
- DHU ATVB, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,Physiology Department, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- DHU ATVB, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,Physiology Department, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Thibaud Damy
- Cardiology Department, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,Mondor Amyloidosis Network, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, UPEC, IMRB, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,DHU ATVB, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France.,Clinical Investigation Centre, AP-HP Henri Mondor Teaching Hospital, Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gallego-Delgado M, González-López E, Muñoz-Beamud F, Buades J, Galán L, Muñoz-Blanco JL, Sánchez-González J, Ibáñez B, Mirelis JG, García-Pavía P. Extracellular Volume Detects Amyloidotic Cardiomyopathy and Correlates With Neurological Impairment in Transthyretin-familial Amyloidosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 69:923-930. [PMID: 27291669 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Cardiac involvement determines prognosis and treatment options in transthyretin-familial amyloidosis. Cardiac magnetic resonance T1 mapping techniques are useful to assess myocardial extracellular volume. This study hypothesized that myocardial extracellular volume allows identification of amyloidotic cardiomyopathy and correlates with the degree of neurological impairment in transthyretin-familial amyloidosis. METHODS A total of 31 transthyretin-familial amyloidosis patients (19 mean age, 49 ± 12 years; 26 with the Val30Met mutation) underwent a T1 mapping cardiac magnetic resonance study and a neurological evaluation with Neuropathy Impairment Score of the Lower Limb score, Norfolk Quality of Life questionnaire, and Karnofsky index. RESULTS Five patients had cardiac amyloidosis (all confirmed by 99mTc-DPD scintigraphy). Mean extracellular volume was increased in patients with cardiac amyloidosis (0.490 ± 0.131 vs 0.289 ± 0.035; P = .026). Extracellular volume correlated with age (R = 0.467; P = .008), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (RS = 0.846; P < .001), maximum wall thickness (R = 0.621; P < .001), left ventricular mass index (R = 0.685; P < .001), left ventricular ejection fraction (R = -0.378; P = .036), Neuropathy Impairment Score of the Lower Limb (RS = 0.604; P = .001), Norfolk Quality of Life questionnaire (RS = 0.529; P = .003) and Karnofsky index (RS= -0.517; P = .004). A cutoff value of extracellular volume of 0.357 was diagnostic of cardiac amyloidosis with 100% sensitivity and specificity (P < .001). Extracellular volume and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were the only cardiac parameters that significantly correlated with neurologic scores. CONCLUSIONS Extracellular volume quantification allows identification of cardiac amyloidosis and correlates with the degree of neurological impairment in transthyretin-familial amyloidosis. This noninvasive technique could be a useful tool for early diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis and to track cardiac and extracardiac amyloid disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther González-López
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain; Área de Fisiopatología del Miocardio, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Buades
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lucía Galán
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Sánchez-González
- Philips Healthcare Iberia, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Imagen Cardiaca Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- Unidad de Imagen Cardiaca Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus G Mirelis
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Imagen Cardiaca Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Pavía
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain; Área de Fisiopatología del Miocardio, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gertz MA, Benson MD, Dyck PJ, Grogan M, Coelho T, Cruz M, Berk JL, Plante-Bordeneuve V, Schmidt HHJ, Merlini G. Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy of Transthyretin Amyloidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 66:2451-2466. [PMID: 26610878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin amyloidosis is a fatal disorder that is characterized primarily by progressive neuropathy and cardiomyopathy. It occurs in both a mutant form (with autosomal dominant inheritance) and a wild-type form (with predominant cardiac involvement). This article guides clinicians as to when the disease should be suspected, describes the appropriate diagnostic evaluation for those with known or suspected amyloidosis, and reviews the interventions currently available for affected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morie A Gertz
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | | | - Peter J Dyck
- Division of Peripheral Nerve, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Martha Grogan
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Marcia Cruz
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro of Brazil, University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - John L Berk
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Lombardy, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Damy T, Maurer MS, Rapezzi C, Planté-Bordeneuve V, Karayal ON, Mundayat R, Suhr OB, Kristen AV. Clinical, ECG and echocardiographic clues to the diagnosis of TTR-related cardiomyopathy. Open Heart 2016; 3:e000289. [PMID: 26870387 PMCID: PMC4746524 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2015-000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signs of cardiac transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis (ATTR) in patients with echocardiographic increase in interventricular septal thickness (IVST) are lacking. OBJECTIVES To identify clinical and ECG/echocardiographic signs associated with increased IVST in ATTR. METHODS Analysis of patients with baseline echocardiography in the Transthyretin Amyloidosis Outcomes Survey (THAOS) registry (N=1682). Patients were categorised into IVST classes according to the American Society of Echocardiography classification adapted to gender (ie, normal, mild, moderate, severe); then into two combined IVST classes (normal-mild and moderate-severe). RESULTS 425 patients were included: 336 with a TTR mutation (m-TTR) and 89 with wild-type TTR (WT-TTR). 72% were men. Median (25th, 75th centile) age was 62 (45, 72) years. Non-Val30Met and WT-TTR were frequent in moderate (41% and 35%) and severe (50% and 33%) IVST classes. Median IVST was 15 mm (14, 16) (moderate) and 20 mm (18, 22) (severe). In the combined moderate-severe class, 85% of patients were ≥55 years of age; 81% were men; 86% had blood pressure <140 mm Hg; and 77% had increased right ventricle thickness (≥7 mm). Up to 66% of patients had cardiac sparkling. Systolic dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction <50%), restrictive pattern and low voltage were less frequent, and observed in 49%, 18% and 33% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Increased IVST, especially in men ≥55 years with normal systolic blood pressure, increase in right ventricle free wall and valve thicknesses, and sparkling, should alert practitioners to the possibility of ATTR. Absence of restrictive pattern and low voltage should not rule out the suspicion. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00628745 (clinicaltrials.gov).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Damy
- Amyloidosis Network, Department of Cardiology, all at CHU Henri Mondor , INSERM U955 and clinical investigation center 006, and DHU A-TVB all at Creteil , Creteil , France
| | - Mathew S Maurer
- Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, New York , USA
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna and S Orsola-Malpighi Hospital , Bologna , Italy
| | - Violaine Planté-Bordeneuve
- Amyloidosis Network, Department of Cardiology, all at CHU Henri Mondor , INSERM U955 and clinical investigation center 006, and DHU A-TVB all at Creteil , Creteil , France
| | | | | | - Ole B Suhr
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Arnt V Kristen
- Amyloidosis Center, Department of Cardiology , Heidelberg University , Heidelberg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Causes and Consequences of Longitudinal LV Dysfunction Assessed by 2D Strain Echocardiography in Cardiac Amyloidosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 9:126-38. [PMID: 26777222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare left ventricular longitudinal strain (LS) evaluated by 2-dimensional echocardiography with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in cardiac amyloidosis (CA), establish correlations between histological and imaging findings, and assess the prognostic usefulness of LS measurement and CMR. BACKGROUND CA is a condition with a poor prognosis due chiefly to 3 forms of amyloidosis: light-chain amyloidosis (AL), hereditary transthyretin (M-TTR), and wild-type transthyretin (WT-TTR). Two-dimensional echocardiography measurement of LS has been reported to detect early left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The pathophysiological underpinnings, regional distribution, and prognostic significance of LS in CA are unclear. METHODS All patients underwent echocardiography, and 53 underwent CMR. The native hearts of the 3 patients who received heart transplants were subjected to histological examination. For each of the 17 left ventricular segments in the American Heart Association model, we evaluated LS, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) by CMR, and cardiac amyloid deposition. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed at 6 months to identify variables associated with major adverse cardiac events (MACE). RESULTS We studied 79 patients with CA; 26 had AL, 36 M-TTR, and 17 WT-TTR. Mean LS was -10 ± 4%. Both LS and amyloid deposits showed a basal-to-apical gradient. The mean LS and number of segments with LGE were similar across the 3 CA types. LS correlated with LGE and amyloid burden (r = 0.72). LGE was seen in the 6 basal segments in all WT-TTR patients. During the median follow-up of 11 months (range 4 to 17 months), 36 (46%) patients experienced MACE. Independent predictors of MACE were apical LS (cutoff, -14.5%), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (cutoff, 4,000 ng/l), and New York Heart Association functional class III to IV heart failure. CONCLUSIONS Basal-to-apical LS abnormalities are similar across CA types and reflect the amyloid burden. Apical LS independently predicts MACE.
Collapse
|
40
|
Damy T, Costes B, Hagège AA, Donal E, Eicher JC, Slama M, Guellich A, Rappeneau S, Gueffet JP, Logeart D, Planté-Bordeneuve V, Bouvaist H, Huttin O, Mulak G, Dubois-Randé JL, Goossens M, Canoui-Poitrine F, Buxbaum JN. Prevalence and clinical phenotype of hereditary transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy in patients with increased left ventricular wall thickness. Eur Heart J 2015; 37:1826-34. [PMID: 26537620 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Increased left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) is a common finding in cardiology. It is not known how often hereditary transthyretin-related familial amyloid cardiomyopathy (mTTR-FAC) is responsible for LVWT. Several therapeutic modalities for mTTR-FAC are currently in clinical trials; thus, it is important to establish the prevalence of TTR mutations (mTTR) and the clinical characteristics of the patients with mTTR-FAC. METHODS AND RESULTS In a prospective multicentre, cross-sectional study, the TTR gene was sequenced in 298 consecutive patients diagnosed with increased LVWT in primary cardiology clinics in France. Among the included patients, median (25-75th percentiles) age was 62 [50;74]; 74% were men; 23% were of African origin; and 36% were in NYHA Class III-IV. Median LVWT was 18 (16-21) mm. Seventeen (5.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [3.4;9.0]) patients had mTTR of whom 15 (5.0%; 95% CI [2.9;8.2]) had mTTR-FAC. The most frequent mutations were V142I (n = 8), V50M (n = 2), and I127V (n = 2). All mTTR-FAC patients were older than 63 years with a median age of 74 [69;79]. Of the 15 patients with mTTR-FAC, 8 were of African descent while 7 were of European descent. In the African descendants, mTTR-FAC median age was 74 [72;79] vs. 55 [46;65] years in non-mTTR-FAC (P < 0.001). In an adjusted multivariate model, African origin, neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, electrocardiogram (ECG) low voltage, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) at cardiac-magnetic resonance imaging were all independently associated with mTTR-FAC. CONCLUSION Five per cent of patients diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have mTTR-FAC. Mutated transthyretin genetic screening is warranted in elderly subjects with increased LVWT, particularly, those of African descent with neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, ECG low voltage, or LGE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Damy
- Department of Cardiology, UPEC, AP-HP Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, Inserm U955, IMRB GRC Mondor Amyloidosis Network, DHU ATVB and Inserm Clinical Investigation Center 1430, 51 Avenue Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, Créteil F-94000, France
| | - Bruno Costes
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, UPEC, AP-HP Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, Inserm U955, IMRB, Créteil F-94000, France
| | - Albert A Hagège
- Department of Cardiology, Paris Descartes University, PRES Paris Sorbonne, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Inserm UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Erwan Donal
- Department of Cardiology, Université Rennes 1, Rennes Teaching Hospital, LTSI, INSERM 1099, Inserm Clinical Investigation Center-IT U 804, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Eicher
- Department of Cardiology, Dijon Universiy, Hôpital Bocage Central, Dijon Teaching Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Michel Slama
- Department of Cardiology, Paris-Sud University, AP-HP A. Béclère Teaching Hospital, Béclère, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Aziz Guellich
- Department of Cardiology, UPEC, AP-HP Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, Inserm U955, IMRB GRC Mondor Amyloidosis Network, DHU ATVB and Inserm Clinical Investigation Center 1430, 51 Avenue Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, Créteil F-94000, France
| | - Stéphane Rappeneau
- Department of Cardiology, UPEC, AP-HP Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, Inserm U955, IMRB GRC Mondor Amyloidosis Network, DHU ATVB and Inserm Clinical Investigation Center 1430, 51 Avenue Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, Créteil F-94000, France
| | | | - Damien Logeart
- Department of Cardiology, Denis Diderot University, AP-HP, Lariboisière Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Violaine Planté-Bordeneuve
- Department of Neurology, UPEC, AP-HP Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, Inserm U955, IMRB GRC Mondor Amyloidosis Network, Inserm Clinical Investigation Center 1430, Créteil F-94000, France
| | - Hélène Bouvaist
- Department of Cardiology, Grenoble Teaching Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Huttin
- Department of Cardiologie, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Dubois-Randé
- Department of Cardiology, UPEC, AP-HP Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, Inserm U955, IMRB GRC Mondor Amyloidosis Network, DHU ATVB and Inserm Clinical Investigation Center 1430, 51 Avenue Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, Créteil F-94000, France
| | - Michel Goossens
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, UPEC, AP-HP Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, Inserm U955, IMRB, Créteil F-94000, France
| | - Florence Canoui-Poitrine
- Department of Public Health, UPEC, EA 4393 CEpiA (Clinical Epidemiology And Ageing), DHU ATVB, AP-HP, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, DHU ATVB, Créteil F-94000, France
| | - Joel N Buxbaum
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Amyloidosis refers to a group of rare but potentially fatal, protein misfolding diseases. The heart is frequently involved in the most common types, that is, immunoglobulin light chain and transthyretin amyloidosis and is the single most important predictor of patient outcomes. A major limitation in improving patient outcomes, in addition to developing novel therapeutics, is the late diagnosis of the disease. Once suspected, an organ for biopsy should be targeted and the amyloid type should be identified by mass spectrometry. An endomyocardial biopsy should be offered if cardiac involvement is in doubt. Echocardiography, MRI and nuclear imaging can provide valuable diagnostic and prognostic information and can secure the diagnosis if amyloid has been identified in an extracardiac tissue.
Collapse
|
42
|
Lavatelli F, Albertini R, Di Fonzo A, Palladini G, Merlini G. Biochemical markers in early diagnosis and management of systemic amyloidoses. Clin Chem Lab Med 2015; 52:1517-31. [PMID: 24870609 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2014-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Systemic amyloid diseases are characterized by widespread protein deposition as amyloid fibrils. Precise diagnostic framing is the prerequisite for a correct management of patients. This complex process is achieved through a series of steps, which include detection of the tissue amyloid deposits, identification of the amyloid type, demonstration of the amyloidogenic precursor, and evaluation of organ dysfunction/damage. Laboratory medicine plays a central role in the diagnosis and management of systemic amyloidoses, through the quantification of the amyloidogenic precursor and evaluation of end-organ damage using biomarkers.
Collapse
|
43
|
Damy T, Judge DP, Kristen AV, Berthet K, Li H, Aarts J. Cardiac findings and events observed in an open-label clinical trial of tafamidis in patients with non-Val30Met and non-Val122Ile hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2015; 8:117-27. [PMID: 25743445 PMCID: PMC4382536 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-015-9613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A phase 2, open-label study in 21 patients with non-Val30Met and non-Val122Ile hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis showed that tafamidis (20 mg daily for 12 months) stabilized these transthyretin variants. We assessed cardiac amyloid infiltration and cardiac abnormalities in this same study population. At baseline, median age was 64.3 years, 11 patients were in NYHA class II, 13 had conduction abnormalities, 14 N-terminal pro-hormone brain natriuretic peptide concentrations >300 pg/ml, and 17 interventricular septal thickness >12 mm. Mean (SD) left ventricular ejection fraction was 60.3 % (9.96). Patients with normal heart rate variability increased from 4/19 at baseline to 8/19 at month 12 (p < 0.05). Cardiac biomarkers remained stable. Although four patients had increases in interventricular septal thickness ≥2 mm, the remainder had stable septal wall thickness. There were no clinically relevant changes in mean echocardiographic/electrocardiographic variables and no safety concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Damy
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Henri Mondor, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, DHU ATVB, Créteil, France,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Galat A, Rosso J, Guellich A, Van Der Gucht A, Rappeneau S, Bodez D, Guendouz S, Tissot CM, Hittinger L, Dubois-Randé JL, Plante-Bordeneuve V, Itti E, Meignan M, Damy T. Usefulness of (99m)Tc-HMDP scintigraphy for the etiologic diagnosis and prognosis of cardiac amyloidosis. Amyloid 2015; 22:210-20. [PMID: 26465835 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2015.1072089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloidosis is characterized by extracellular deposits of insoluble proteins that cause tissue damage. The three main types are monoclonal light chain (AL), wild-type transthyretin (wt-TTR) and mutated transthyretin (m-TTR) amyloidosis. Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) raises diagnostic challenges. OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic accuracy of (99m)Tc-HMDP-scintigraphy for typing CA, differentiating CA from non-amyloid left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH), and predicting outcomes. METHODS 121 patients with suspected CA underwent (99m)Tc-HMDP-scintigraphy in addition to standard investigations. RESULTS CA was diagnosed in all AL (n = 14) and wt-TTR (n = 21). Among m-TTR (n = 34), 26 had CA, 4 neuropathy without CA and 4 were asymptomatic carriers. Of the 52 patients with non-amyloid heart disease, 37 had LVH and served as controls. (99m)Tc-HMDP cardiac uptake occurred in all wt-TTR, in m-TTR with CA except two and in one AL. A visual score ≥ 2 was 100% specific for diagnosing TTR-CA. Among TTR-CA, heart-to-skull retention (HR/SR) correlated with CA severity (LVEF and NT-proBNP). Median follow-up was 111 days (50;343). In a multivariate Cox model including clinical, echocardiographic and scintigraphic variables, NYHA III-IV and HR/SR > 1.94 predicted acute heart failure and/or death. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study suggests that (99m)Tc-HMDP-scintigraphy may aid differentiation between transthyretin and AL-CA as well as CA from other LVHs. (99m)Tc-HMDP-scintigraphy appears to provide prognostic information in CA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnault Galat
- a UPEC , Créteil , France .,b Mondor Amyloidosis Network , Créteil , France .,c Department of Cardiology, AP-HP , Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France .,d INSERM U955, GRC Réseau Amylose Mondor , Créteil , France .,e DHU ATVB , Créteil , France
| | - Jean Rosso
- a UPEC , Créteil , France .,b Mondor Amyloidosis Network , Créteil , France .,e DHU ATVB , Créteil , France .,f Department of Nuclear Medicine , AP-HP, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France
| | - Aziz Guellich
- a UPEC , Créteil , France .,b Mondor Amyloidosis Network , Créteil , France .,c Department of Cardiology, AP-HP , Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France .,d INSERM U955, GRC Réseau Amylose Mondor , Créteil , France .,e DHU ATVB , Créteil , France .,g INSERM Clinical Investigation Centre 006 , Créteil , France , and
| | - Axel Van Der Gucht
- a UPEC , Créteil , France .,b Mondor Amyloidosis Network , Créteil , France .,e DHU ATVB , Créteil , France .,f Department of Nuclear Medicine , AP-HP, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France
| | - Stephane Rappeneau
- a UPEC , Créteil , France .,b Mondor Amyloidosis Network , Créteil , France .,c Department of Cardiology, AP-HP , Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France .,e DHU ATVB , Créteil , France .,g INSERM Clinical Investigation Centre 006 , Créteil , France , and
| | - Diane Bodez
- a UPEC , Créteil , France .,b Mondor Amyloidosis Network , Créteil , France .,c Department of Cardiology, AP-HP , Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France .,e DHU ATVB , Créteil , France
| | - Soulef Guendouz
- a UPEC , Créteil , France .,b Mondor Amyloidosis Network , Créteil , France .,c Department of Cardiology, AP-HP , Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France .,e DHU ATVB , Créteil , France
| | - Claire-Marie Tissot
- a UPEC , Créteil , France .,b Mondor Amyloidosis Network , Créteil , France .,c Department of Cardiology, AP-HP , Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France .,e DHU ATVB , Créteil , France
| | - Luc Hittinger
- a UPEC , Créteil , France .,b Mondor Amyloidosis Network , Créteil , France .,c Department of Cardiology, AP-HP , Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France .,e DHU ATVB , Créteil , France
| | - Jean-Luc Dubois-Randé
- a UPEC , Créteil , France .,b Mondor Amyloidosis Network , Créteil , France .,c Department of Cardiology, AP-HP , Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France .,e DHU ATVB , Créteil , France
| | - Violaine Plante-Bordeneuve
- a UPEC , Créteil , France .,b Mondor Amyloidosis Network , Créteil , France .,e DHU ATVB , Créteil , France .,h Department of Neurology , AP-HP, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France
| | - Emmanuel Itti
- a UPEC , Créteil , France .,b Mondor Amyloidosis Network , Créteil , France .,e DHU ATVB , Créteil , France .,f Department of Nuclear Medicine , AP-HP, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France
| | - Michel Meignan
- a UPEC , Créteil , France .,b Mondor Amyloidosis Network , Créteil , France .,e DHU ATVB , Créteil , France .,f Department of Nuclear Medicine , AP-HP, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France
| | - Thibaud Damy
- a UPEC , Créteil , France .,b Mondor Amyloidosis Network , Créteil , France .,c Department of Cardiology, AP-HP , Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital , Créteil , France .,d INSERM U955, GRC Réseau Amylose Mondor , Créteil , France .,e DHU ATVB , Créteil , France .,g INSERM Clinical Investigation Centre 006 , Créteil , France , and
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Deux JF, Damy T, Rahmouni A, Mayer J, Planté-Bordeneuve V. Noninvasive detection of cardiac involvement in patients with hereditary transthyretin associated amyloidosis using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: a prospective study. Amyloid 2014; 21:246-55. [PMID: 25211144 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2014.956924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the studies that described cardiac amyloidosis using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging refer to patients with primary light chain (AL) amyloidosis. The goal of this study was to evaluate cardiac involvement in patients with hereditary transthyretin associated (ATTR) amyloidosis and asymptomatic carriers and its relationships with clinical symptoms and genotype, using CMR imaging. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty-three patients with hereditary ATTR amyloidosis and 14 asymptomatic carriers were included in this study. Morphological, functional and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) findings were noted on CMR images. A positive LGE suggesting cardiac amyloidosis was detected in 60% of patients. The pattern of LGE was diffuse, focal and circumferential in 32, 26 and 2% of patients, respectively. The inferior basal segment was the most frequently involved (93%) in case of focal involvement. Diffuse pattern was exclusively encountered in patients with cardiac symptoms. Nineteen percent of patients with isolated neurological symptoms and 20% of subjects without left ventricular wall thickening exhibited cardiac abnormalities on CMR. CONCLUSION Cardiac involvement can be detected in patients with hereditary ATTR amyloidosis with isolated neurological symptoms and without left ventricular wall thickening, suggesting that CMR could be useful in detecting preclinical cardiac amyloidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Deux
- Radiology Department, Henri Mondor Hospital, University Paris Est Créteil, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris , Créteil , France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Molecular imaging of misfolded protein pathology for early clues to involvement of the heart. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 41:1649-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-014-2832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|