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Mani MS, Puranik A, Kabekkodu SP, Joshi MB, Dsouza HS. Influence of VDR and HFE polymorphisms on blood lead levels of occupationally exposed workers. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:897-914. [PMID: 33233953 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120975451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lead is a ubiquitous heavy metal toxin of significant public health concern. Every individual varies in their response to lead's toxic effects due to underlying genetic variations in lead metabolizing enzymes or proteins distributed in the population. Earlier studies, including our lab, have attributed the influence of ALAD (δ-Aminolevulinate dehydratase) polymorphism on blood lead retention and ALAD activity. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of VDR (Vitamin D receptor) and HFE (Hemochromatosis) polymorphisms in modulating blood lead levels (BLLs) of occupationally exposed workers. 164 lead-exposed subjects involved in lead alloy manufacturing and battery breaking and recycling processes and 160 unexposed controls with BLLs below 10 µg/dL recruited in the study. Blood lead levels, along with a battery of biochemical assays and genotyping, were performed. Regression analysis revealed a negative influence of BLLs on ALAD activity (p < 0.0001) and a positive influence on smokeless tobacco use (p < 0.001) in lead-exposed subjects. A predicted haplotype of the three VDR polymorphisms computed from genotyping data revealed that T-A-A haplotype increased the BLLs by 0.93 units (p ≤ 0.05) and C-C-A haplotype decreased the BLLs by 7.25 units (p ≤ 0.05). Further analysis revealed that the wild-type CC genotype of HFE H63D presented a higher median BLL, indicating that variant C allele may have a role in increasing the concentration of lead. Hence, the polymorphism of genes associated with lead metabolism might aid in predicting genetic predisposition to lead and its associated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Shirley Mani
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, 76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Amitha Puranik
- Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, 76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, 76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing, Manipal School of Life Sciences, 76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Herman Sunil Dsouza
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, 76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Almasmoum H, Refaat B, Ghaith MM, Almaimani RA, Idris S, Ahmad J, Abdelghany AH, BaSalamah MA, El-Boshy M. Protective effect of Vitamin D3 against lead induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, immunosuppressive and calcium homeostasis disorders in rat. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 72:103246. [PMID: 31465891 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an extremely poisonous, non-essential trace element and toxicity develops in humans following frequent exposure to the heavy metal in polluted environmental and occupational settings. Pb induces hepatic damage through the depletion of the antioxidant system, enhancing cellular oxidative stress and stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Although the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of vitamin D3 (VD3) are well-established, a minority of studies measured the protective actions of VD3 against Pb toxicity. Therefore, this work studied the effects of vitamin VD3 therapy on the fundamental molecular basis underlying hepatic injury induced by chronic Pb toxicity. Twenty-four adult male rats were distributed equally into the negative controls (NC), positive controls (PC) and VD3 groups. While both the PC and VD3 groups received Pb-acetate in drinking water (1000 mg/L) for four weeks, the latter group also received intramuscular VD3 injections (1000 IU/kg; 3 days/week) simultaneously with Pb. The liver enzymes together with the serum and hepatic tissue Pb concentrations increased markedly in the PC group compared with the NC group. Pb toxicity also drastically induced hepatocyte apoptosis/necrosis, increased the hepatic tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde and the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, IL-4 & TNF-α) as well as reduced the anti-oxidative enzymes (GSH, GPx & CAT) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, compared with the NC group. Pb also significantly decreased the serum concentrations of VD3 and Ca2+. Additionally, the hepatic expressions of VD receptor, Cyp24a1 enzyme, L-type Ca2+-channel, calbindin-D28k & -D29k, calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II were significantly upregulated, whereas the VD binding protein, CYP2R1 enzyme and T-type Ca2+-channel were markedly inhibited at the gene and protein levels following Pb intoxication. VD3 alleviated the hepatic damage, inhibited the oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory molecules as well as upregulated the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory markers and restored the expression of the VD/Ca2+ regulatory molecules compared with the PC group. VD3 supplementation discloses promising protective effects against Pb-induced hepatic damage, through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions as well as by modulating the hepatocyte calcium homeostatic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mazen M Ghaith
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdelghany H Abdelghany
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad A BaSalamah
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed El-Boshy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Fac. Vet. Med, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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BaSalamah MA, Abdelghany AH, El-Boshy M, Ahmad J, Idris S, Refaat B. Vitamin D alleviates lead induced renal and testicular injuries by immunomodulatory and antioxidant mechanisms in rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4853. [PMID: 29556070 PMCID: PMC5859277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study measured the effects of vitamin D (VD) supplementation on the underlying molecular pathways involved in renal and testicular damage induced by lead (Pb) toxicity. Thirty two adult male Wistar rats were divided equally into four groups that were treated individually or simultaneously, except the negative control, for four weeks with lead acetate in drinking water (1,000 mg/L) and/or intramuscular VD (1,000 IU/kg; 3 days/week). Pb toxicity markedly reduced serum VD and Ca2+, induced substantial renal and testicular injuries with concomitant significant alterations in the expression of VD metabolising enzymes, its receptor and binding protein, and the calcium sensing receptor. Pb also significantly promoted lipid peroxidation and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and TNF-α) in the organs of interest concomitantly with declines in several anti-oxidative markers (glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. The co-administration of VD with Pb markedly mitigated renal and testicular injuries compared with positive controls. This was associated with restoration of the expression of VD related molecules, promotion of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory markers, but tissue Pb concentrations were unaffected. In conclusion, this report is the first to reveal potential protective effects for VD against Pb-induced renal and testicular injuries via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A BaSalamah
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelghany Hassan Abdelghany
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box, 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Boshy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box, 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box, 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box, 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box, 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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Zhou X, Miao H, Rausch WD, Long M, Luo X, Yu H, Zhang X, Bayahemaiti K, Abulizi P, Keyimu K. Association between apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease in Uighur and Han populations. Psychogeriatrics 2012; 12:83-7. [PMID: 22712640 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-8301.2011.00389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Currently, there are almost 100 genes related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), and studies have indicated that apolipoprotein E (APO E) ε4 allele is a genetic risk factor of AD. However, there have been no reports of the distributions of APO E genotypes and allele frequencies in Uighur and Han AD patients. METHODS We analyzed APO E gene polymorphism in 209 AD cases diagnosed based on National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association and 220 non-dementia controls. We used polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods as the basis of this epidemiological survey. RESULTS In the AD and control groups, there are no statistically significant differences in APO E genotypes and allele frequency between the Uighur and Han ethnicities (P < 0.05). In the AD group, the ε3/4 genotype (28.2%) and ε4 allele frequency (14.8%) occurred at a higher rate than in the control (13.2% and 8.0%, respectively; P < 0.05). This distinction remained true within each ethnicity; the ε3/4 genotype and ε4 allele frequency are higher in the AD groups (Uighur, 30.6% and 15.8%, respectively; Han, 25.5% and 13.8%, respectively) than in the control groups (Uighur, 14.5% and 9.4%, respectively; Han, 11.7% and 6.3%, respectively; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The distribution of APO E genotype and allele frequency does not differ between the Uighur and Han ethnicities. The APO E ε4 allele is a risk factor of AD for both populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhou
- The First Department of Cadre, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
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